Unique_ID Origin_ID Sequence Activity Source Structure Hemolysis Reference Length Stereo FPDB00011 AP00150|||1812|||1827|||1964|||1979|||2116|||2131|||2268|||2283|||2420|||2435|||2563|||2578|||2706|||2721|||AP00150|||Indolicidin|||DRAMP02857 ILPWKWPWWPWRR Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antiviral||Antifungal||Anti-HIV||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Wound healing||Anticancer||Anti-S. aureus ATCC29213 or NCDC-0111 or MRSA, activity value is MIC = 1.5||Anti-L. monocytogenes ATCC-19111, activity value is MIC = 6 uM||Anti-B. cereus NCDC-0240, activity value is MIC = 0.8 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC-27853 or NCDC-0105, activity value is MIC = 12.5||Anti-S. enterica serovar typhimurium ATCC-14028, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-E. coli MTCC-0723, activity value is MIC = 0.8 uM||Anti-and A. johnsonii NCDC-0072, activity value is MIC = 6 uM||activity value is LD50 = 64 ug/ml||activity value is LD50 = 12 ug/ml||activity value is LD50 = 345 ug/ml||activity value is LD50 = 30 ug/ml||activity value is LD50 = 200 ug||activity value is LD50 = 180 ug/ml||activity value is LD50 = 200 ug/ml||activity value is LD50 = 270 ug/ml||activity value is LD50 = 290 ug/ml||activity value is LD50 = 31 ug/ml||activity value is LD50 = 20 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 20 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 40 ug/ml||Anti-S. typhimurium, activity value is MIC = 20 ug/ml||Anti-B. subtilis, activity value is MIC = 10 ug/ml||Anti-S. epidermidis, activity value is MIC = 20 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 5 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae strains NTUH-K2044, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-ATCC 13883, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-ATCC 700603, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Antimicrobial||Antibacterial||Anti-Gram+||Anti-Gram- bovine neutrophils, cattle, Bos taurus|||bovine neutrophils, cattle, Bos taurus|||Bos taurus [Bovine]|||Bos taurus (Bovine)|||bovine neutrophils, cattle, Bos taurus Nonhelixbeta "The document does not provide the half-hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀) of each peptide directly, but hemolytic activity is reflected through the percentage of hemolysis. The core data are as follows: 1. Hybrid Peptides (RN7-IN series) RN7-IN10: At a concentration of 15.62 µg/ml, the hemolysis rate is 5.9%; no hemolytic activity is observed at its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC = 7.81–15.62 µg/ml). RN7-IN9, RN7-IN8, RN7-IN6: At a concentration of 15.62 µg/ml, the hemolysis rate is 0.0%; no hemolytic activity is observed at each respective MIC. RN7-IN7: No hemolytic toxicity observed even at the highest tested concentration of 250 µg/ml (hemolysis rate 0.0%). 2. Indolicidin Analogs (IN series) IN1: At a concentration of 250 µg/ml, the hemolysis rate is 3.6%; no hemolytic activity at its MIC (31.25–62.5 µg/ml). IN2: At 250 µg/ml, hemolysis rate is 15.39%; no hemolytic activity at its MIC. IN3: At 250 µg/ml, hemolysis rate is 2.39%; no hemolytic activity at its MIC (62.5 µg/ml). IN4: Specific hemolysis data are not mentioned, but the document notes weak activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC = 250 µg/ml), suggesting low hemolysis risk at effective concentrations. 3. Parent Peptides Indolicidin: At 20 µg/ml, hemolysis rate reaches 56.98%, showing the strongest hemolytic toxicity among all peptides. Ranalexin: At 250 µg/ml, hemolysis rate is <15%, with hemolytic toxicity lower than Indolicidin. The above data were measured by human red blood cell hemolysis experiments: a 4% human red blood cell suspension was incubated with peptides at 1.95–250 µg/ml at 37 °C for 1 hour, with PBS as a negative control (0% hemolysis) and 0.1% Triton X-100 as a positive control (100% hemolysis). Hemolysis rates were calculated based on absorbance at 560 nm. All peptides showed no cytotoxicity or hemolytic effects at their MIC values, and only some peptides exhibited slight hemolysis at concentrations far above their MICs.|||hRBC(50% hemolysis at 200 ug/ml)|||V- The 13 designed peptides exhibited no hemolysis or cytotoxicity at their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Among them, the hybrid peptides RN7-IN10, RN7-IN9, RN7-IN8, and RN7-IN6 showed hemolysis rates of 5.9%, 0.0%, 0.0%, and 0.0% at a concentration of 15.62 µg/ml, respectively; RN7-IN7 showed no hemolysis at a concentration of 250 µg/ml. - Indolicidin exhibited a hemolysis rate of 56.98% at 20 µg/ml; Ranalexin exhibited a hemolysis rate of less than 15% at 250 µg/ml. Indolicidin analogues IN1 and IN3 showed hemolysis rates of 3.6% and 2.39% at 250 µg/ml, respectively; IN2 showed a hemolysis rate of 15.39% at 250 µg/ml." "J Biol Chem. 1992 Mar 5;267(7):4292-5. Pub-Med|||Selsted ME, Novotny MJ, Morris WL, Tang YQ, Smith W, Cullor JS.1992 J Biol Chem. 1992 Mar 5;267(7):4292-5. Pub-Med||Brahma B et al., 2015||Yasin et al., 2000|||J Biol Chem. 1992 Mar 5;267(7):4292-5.||Brahma B et al., 2015||Yasin et al., 2000|||J Biol Chem. 1992 Mar 5;267(7):4292-5. Pub-Med|||J Biol Chem . 1992 Mar 5;267(7):4292-5.||Brahma B et al., 2015||Yasin et al., 2000|||1537821, 19191872, 35254120||Refer PubMed ID: 19191872||Refer PubMed ID: 35254120|||J Biol Chem. 1992 Mar 5;267(7):4292-4295.Biochemistry. 2000 Dec 26;39(51):15765-74.Life Sci. 2002 Jul 5;71(7):747-50.|||1992 Mar 5;267(7):4292-5.||Brahma B et al., 2015||Yasin et al., 2000" 13 L FPDB00018 AP00195|||1426|||AP00195|||IB-200|||IB-445|||OLAP-311|||Protegrin-1|||Recombinant Protegrin-1|||PG-1|||Protegrin|||IB-247 RGGRLCYCRRRFCVCVGR "Anti-Gram+||Antiviral||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-HIV||Anti-MRSA||anti-sepsis||Synergistic AMPs||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||61% Cytotoxicity at 0.5 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli 004, activity value is MIC = 0.12 ug/ml||Anti-V, activity value is MIC = 0.25 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 0.5 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 33591 or MRSA, activity value is MIC = 2 ug/ml||Anti-MRSA, activity value is MIC = 1 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 1 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 2 ug/ml||MIC E.Coli (ATCC 25922: 2 ug/ml||ATCC 700926: 0.25 ug/ml||MB 4902: 0.015 ug/ml)||K. pneumoniae (ATCC 13883: 0.5 ug/ml||ATCC 700603: 4 ug/ml||BAA 2146: 4 ug/ml)||A. baumannii (ATCC 19606): 0.25 ug/ml||P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853): 4 ug/ml||B. subtilis (ATCC 6051): 0.03 ug/ml||S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MRSA): 4 ug/ml||C. albicans (ATCC 90028): 2 ug/ml||C. neoformans (ATCC 208821): 0.06 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-S. epiderrnidis, activity value is MIC = 2 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC 25377, activity value is MIC = 3 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 238719, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 361823, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 371484, activity value is MIC = 2 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 371981, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 378177, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 378648, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 379385, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 379622, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 380023, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 380667, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 381577, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 382933, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 383074, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 383290, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 386052, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 388538, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 5615, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 12316, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 12834, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus 29213, activity value is MIC = 1.7 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli 25922, activity value is MIC = 0.75 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa 27853, activity value is MIC = 0.5 ug/ml||Anti-E. faecalis 29212, activity value is MIC = 2.7 ug/ml||Anti-""A. baumannii ATCC 238719, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Antibacterial||Anti-K. pneumoniae strains NTUH-K2044, activity value is MIC = 0.5 ug/ml||Anti-ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 0.5 ug/ml||Anti-ATCC 13883, activity value is MIC = 0.5 ug/ml||Anti-ATCC 700603, activity value is MIC = 0.5 ug/ml||Anti-MKP103, activity value is MIC = 2 ug/ml||Anti-MKP103 wza mutant, activity value is MIC = 1 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 0.5 ug/ml" leukocytes; porcine neutrophil, pig, Sus scrofa|||eukocytes; porcine neutrophil, pig, Sus scrofa|||leukocytes; porcine neutrophil, pig, Sus scrofa|||Synthetic construct|||Porcine neutrophils|||Sus scrofa [pig] Beta 96.1% hemolysis at 64 uM (see ref. AP05000). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1995 May;43(5):853-8|||Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1995 May;43(5):853-8||Blower et al., 2018||Yasin et al., 2000||Guo C et al., 2014||Sousa et al., 2017|||Blower et al., 2018||Yasin et al., 2000||Guo C et al., 2014||Sousa et al., 2017|||8647100|||31399625|||31214759|||28382709, 9257752, 31214759||Refer 31214759|||34502403|||35254120|||10931444 18 L FPDB00022 AP00240|||AP00240|||Caerin-1.1|||Caerin 1.1|||Caerin|||DRAMP01549|||AP00240|||DRAMP01549|||Caerin-1.1 GLLSVLGSVAKHVLPHVVPVIAEHL Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antiviral||Antiparasitic||Anti-HIV||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Anti-B. cereus, activity value is MIC = 50 ug/ml||Anti-E.coli, activity value is MIC > 100 ug/ml||Anti-L. lactis, activity value is MIC = 1.5 uM||Anti-L. innocua, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Anti-M. luteus, activity value is MIC = 12 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923 or 29213, activity value is MIC = 3||Anti-S. epidermidis, activity value is MIC = 12 ug/ml||Anti-S. uberis, activity value is MIC = 12 ug/ml||Anti-E.clocae, activity value is MIC > 100 ug/ml||Anti-P. multocida, activity value is MIC = 12||Anti-and P. haemolytica, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Antibacterial||Anti-Bacillus cereus, activity value is MIC = 50 ug/ml||Anti-Leuconostoc lactis, activity value is MIC = 1.5 ug/ml||Anti-Listeria innocua, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Anti-Micrococcus luteus, activity value is MIC = 12 ug/ml||Anti-Pasteurella haemolytica, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Anti-Pasteurella multocida, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 3 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus epidermidis, activity value is MIC = 12 ug/ml||Anti-Streptococcus uberis, activity value is MIC = 12 ug/ml||Anti-S.aureus, activity value is MIC = 18.75 uM||activity value is MBC = 125 uM||Anti-E.Coli, activity value is MIC = 115 uM||activity value is MBC = 250 uM||Antimicrobial||Anti-Gram+||Anti-Gram-||Anti-Micrococcus luteus, activity value is MIC = 12.5 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 3||Anti-Staphylococcus epidermis, activity value is MIC = 12.5 ug/ml||Anti-Streptococcus uberis, activity value is MIC = 12.5 ug/ml||Anti-GDM1.441, activity value is MIC = 15 ug/ml||Anti-GDM1.1263, activity value is MIC = 30 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa GDM1.443, activity value is MIC = 60 ug/ml||Anti-S. hemolyiicus GDM1.245, activity value is MIC = 15 ug/ml||Anti-MRSA1, activity value is MIC = 60 ug/ml||Anti-MRSA2, activity value is MIC = 15 ug/ml||Anti-MRSA3, activity value is MIC = 30 ug/ml Australian green tree frog, Litoria splendida; Litoria rothii|||Australian green tree frog, Litoria splendida; Litoria rothii|||Litoria splendida [magnificent tree frog]|||Litoria gilleni [Centralian tree frog]|||Litoria rothii [Roth's tree frog]|||Uperoleia mjobergii [Australian toadlet]|||Litoria raniformis [Australian tree frog]|||Litoria splendida (Magnificent tree frog) (Litoria gilleni) (Litoria caerulea)|||Australian green tree frog, Litoria splendida; Litoria rothii|||Litoria splendida (Magnificent tree frog) (Litoria gilleni) (Litoria caerulea)|||Litoria splendida [magnificent tree frog]|||Litoria gilleni [Centralian tree frog] Helix||Alpha helix "No hemolytic activity (0% hemolysis at 100 µM)|||The hemolytic values of peptides related to the skin granular gland secretions of African clawed frog (Xenopus) in the document are as follows. The experiment measured the hemolysis rate by adding peptides at different concentrations to a 5% human red blood cell suspension and incubating at 37°C for 30 minutes (100% hemolysis was induced by 0.2% Triton X-100): - At a peptide concentration of 0 μg/ml: Hemolysis rates for Magainin 2, PGLa, XPF, and bee venom peptide Mellitin were all 0%. - At a peptide concentration of 50 μg/ml: Hemolysis rates were 4% for Magainin 2, 4% for PGLa, 1% for XPF, and 100% for bee venom peptide Mellitin. - At a peptide concentration of 100 μg/ml: Hemolysis rates were 3% for Magainin 2, 3% for PGLa, 1% for XPF (bee venom peptide Mellitin was not tested). - At a peptide concentration of 200 μg/ml: Hemolysis rates were 3% for Magainin 2, 4% for PGLa, 2% for XPF (bee venom peptide Mellitin was not tested). - At a peptide concentration of 500 μg/ml: Hemolysis rates were 4% for Magainin 2, 5% for PGLa, 5% for XPF (bee venom peptide Mellitin was not tested). - At a peptide concentration of 1000 μg/ml: Hemolysis rates were 6% for Magainin 2, 7% for PGLa, 6% for XPF (bee venom peptide Mellitin was not tested). Among them, bee venom peptide Mellitin served as the positive control. Magainin 2, PGLa, and XPF, three antimicrobial peptides derived from Xenopus, showed extremely low hemolytic activity, with hemolysis rates still below 8% even at the high concentration of 1000 μg/ml.|||Bacillus cereus ( MIC = 50 ug/ml), Leuconostoc lactis ( MIC = 1.5 ug/ml), Listeria innocua ( MIC = 25 ug/ml) , Micrococcus luteus ( MIC = 12.5 ug/ml), Pasteurella multocida ( MIC = 25 ug/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ( MIC = 3-12 ug/ml), Staphylococcus epidermis ( MIC = 12.5 ug/ml), Streptococcus uberis ( MIC = 12.5 ug/ml); [Refer PubMed ID - 34259550: S. aureus, GDM1.441 (MIC= 15 ug/ml), MRSA, GDM1.1263 (MIC= 30 ug/ml), P. aeruginosa GDM1.443 (MIC= 60 ug/ml), S. hemolyiicus GDM1.245 (MIC= 15 ug/ml), MRSA1 (Clincial isolate) (MIC= 60 ug/ml), MRSA2 (Clincial isolate) (MIC= 15 ug/ml), MRSA3 (Clincial isolate) (MIC= 30 ug/ml)]|||No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry" "Eur J Biochem 1997; 247 (2): 545-57|||Wong H, Bowie JH, Carver JA.1997, Australia Eur J Biochem 1997; 247 (2): 545-57||same ref as AP2008|||Eur J Biochem 1997; 247 (2): 545-57||same ref as AP2008|||Eur J Biochem 1997; 247 (2): 545-57|||same ref as AP2008|||10601876, 34259550|||10461748|||28478484|||[Ref.15203252]Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus cereus (MIC=50 ug/ml), Leuconostoc lactis (MIC=1.5 ug/ml), Listeria innocua (MIC=25 ug/ml), Micrococcus luteus (MIC=12.5 ug/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=3-12 ug/ml), Staphylococcus epidermis (MIC=12.5 ug/ml), Streptococcus uberis (MIC=12.5 ug/ml); Gram-negative bacterium: Pasteurella multocida (MIC=25 ug/ml). [Ref.16140737]Virus:HIV:inhibit 50% of PBS-treated HIV infection of T cells(IC50=7.8 uM);inhibition of HIV transfer by dendritic cells to T cells(IC50=12.6 uM)|||Eur J Biochem 1997; 247 (2): 545-57||same ref as AP2008|||J Virol. 2005 Sep;79(18):11598-606.Eur J Biochem. 1997 Jul 15;247(2):545-557.Eur J Biochem. 2003 May;270(9):2068-2081.Peptides. 2004 Jun;25(6):1035-1054.|||10601876, 34259550" 25 FPDB00029 AP00248 " GLFGVLGSIAKHVLPHVVPVIAEK" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antiviral||Antifungal||Anti-HIV||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Anti-M. luteus, activity value is MIC = 12 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus or MRSA, activity value is MIC = 12 ug/ml||Anti-L. innocua, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Anti-S. epidermidis, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Anti-S. uberis, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Enzyme inhibitor Blue-thighed frog, Litoria chloris, Australia|||Litoria chloris, Australia N/A No hemolytic activity (0% hemolysis at 100 µM) "J. Pept. Res.1998; 51: 121-126. PubMed.|||Steinborner ST, Currie GJ, Bowie JH, Wallace JC, Tyler MJ.1998, Australia J. Pept. Res.1998; 51: 121-126. PubMed.|||J. Pept. Res.1998; 51: 121-126. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1998.tb00629.x.|||J. Pept. Res.1998; 51: 121-126. PubMed.|||Comparative Study J Pept Res . 1998 Feb;51(2):121-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1998.tb00629.x.|||1998 Feb;51(2):121-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1998.tb00629.x." 24 FPDB00035 AP00283|||AP00283|||HBD3|||DRAMP03599|||AP00283 GIINTLQKYYCRVRGGRCAVLSCLPKEEQIGKCSTRGRKCCRRKK Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antiviral||Antifungal||Anti-HIV||Chemotactic||Anti-MRSA||Anti-toxin||Anti-inflammatory||Channel inhibitors||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm||Wound healing||Anticancer||Anti-An inducible human AMP. Active against E. coli DSM1103, activity value is MIC = 9.4 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae DSM681, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa DSM1128, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus ATCC25923 or MRSA, activity value is MIC = 4.7 ug/ml||Anti-and S. pneumoniae DSM11865, activity value is MIC = 4.7 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli DSM1103, activity value is MIC = 9.4 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae DSM681, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSM1128, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, activity value is MIC = 4.7 ug/ml||Anti-Streptococcus pneumoniae DSM11865, activity value is MIC = 4.7 ug/ml skin, tonsils, oral/saliva, colonic mucosa, Homo sapiens|||skin, tonsils, oral/saliva, colonic mucosa, Homo sapiens|||Synthetic construct|||Homo sapiens (Human)|||skin, tonsils, oral/saliva, colonic mucosa, Homo sapiens Combine Helix and Beta structure||Combine helix and strand structure "Because several cationic antimicrobial peptides have been reported to exhibit cytotoxic activity against eukaryotic cells, hBD-3 was also assayed for hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. No significant hemolytic activity (,0.5%) was observed using concentrations of hBD-3 up to 500000 ug/ml at physiologic salt concentrations. However, significant hemolytic activity was seen at high hBD-3 concentrations in 10000 uM so-dium phosphate buffer containing 340000 uM sucrose|||Strong hemolytic activity (100% hemolysis at 10 μM)|||The document explicitly mentions the hemolytic values of human β-defensin 3 (hBD-3), with specific information as follows: 1. Under physiological saline conditions (phosphate-buffered saline, PBS): When the concentration of hBD-3 reaches as high as 500 µg/ml, the hemolysis rate of human red blood cells is still **<0.5%**, showing no significant hemolytic activity. 2. In a specific buffer (10000 µM sodium phosphate buffer containing 340,000 µM sucrose, pH 7.4): Significant hemolytic activity is only observed under high concentrations of hBD-3 (the specific concentration is not clearly marked as a fixed threshold and should be interpreted as far above physiologically relevant concentrations in the experimental context). These results indicate that hBD-3 exhibits almost no hemolytic toxicity to human red blood cells under physiological saline conditions and only shows hemolytic activity at non-physiological high concentrations and in specific buffer systems, reflecting good biocompatibility.|||The document explicitly mentions the hemolytic values of human β-defensin 3 (hBD-3), as follows: 1. Under physiological saline conditions (phosphate-buffered saline, PBS) Even when the concentration of hBD-3 reaches 500 µg/ml, the hemolysis rate of human red blood cells remains **<0.5%**, showing no significant hemolytic activity. 2. Hypotonic buffer containing 340,000 µM sucrose (10,000 µM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) Significant hemolytic activity is observed only at relatively high concentrations of hBD-3, but this condition is a non-physiological hypotonic environment that does not correspond to in vivo physiological conditions. These results indicate that hBD-3 exhibits no obvious cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells (red blood cells) at physiologically relevant concentrations, and the risk of hemolysis is extremely low.|||At physiological salt concentrations, hBD-3 at concentrations up to 500 ug/ml did not exhibit significant hemolytic activity (<0.5%); however, in 10000 uM sodium phosphate buffer containing 340000 uM sucrose, hBD-3 at high concentrations had significant hemolytic activity (specific values not clear)." "J. Biol. Chem. 2001; 276:5707-5713|||Harder J, Bartels J, Christophers E, Schroeder JM.2001 J. Biol. Chem. 2001; 276:5707-5713||ref see AP1315|||J. Biol. Chem. 2001; 276:5707-5713||ref see AP1315|||J. Biol. Chem. 2001; 276:5707-5713|||ref see AP1315|||J Biol Chem. 2001 Feb 23;276(8):5707-5713.||Ref.11085990|||J. Biol. Chem. 2001; 276:5707-5713||ref see AP1315" 45 FPDB00036 AP00310|||AP00310|||LL-37|||LL-37|||AP00310 LLGDFFRKSKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLVPRTES Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antiviral||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antiparasitic||Spermicidal||Anti-HIV||Chemotactic||Anti-MRSA||Enzyme inhibitor||anti-TB||anti-sepsis||Synergistic AMPs||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Wound healing||Anticancer||Anti-L. monocytogenes EGD, activity value is MIC = 1.5 ug/ml||Antibacterial||Anti-S. aureusNCTC 6571, activity value is MIC = 19.3||Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 9.8||Anti-27367675: E.coli K88, activity value is MIC = 61||Anti-E.coli CVCC245, activity value is MIC = 61||Anti-S.aureus CVCC 26003, activity value is MIC = 36||Anti-S.aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 58||Anti-Listeria monocytogene CVCC 1599, activity value is MIC = 13||Anti-Micrococcus luteus CVCC 28001, activity value is MIC = 90||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 19606, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-29022391 : S. mutans, activity value is MIC = 250 ug/ml||Anti-A. israelii, activity value is MIC = 7.81 ug/ml||Anti-E. faecalis, activity value is MIC = 2000 ug/ml||Anti-31417238: Streptococcus agalactiae NEM 316, activity value is MIC = 90||Anti-C-terminal:COOH): A. baumannii 6043, activity value is MIC = 14.2 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 19660, activity value is MIC = 28.5 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 28.5 uM||Anti-28649410: P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is EC50 = 0.525 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa PAO1 (pTDKGFP, activity value is EC50 = 0.599 uM||Anti-F. novicida U112, activity value is EC50 = 0.0534 uM||Anti-B. thailandensis E264, activity value is EC50 = 1.88 uM||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 0.552 uM||Anti-31016971: Staphylococcus aureus SA113 WT, activity value is MIC = 256 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, activity value is MIC = 256 uM gammadelta T cells, neutrophils, monocytes; macrophages; mast cells; lymphocytes, Mesenchymal Stem Cells; islets; sweat/skin; airway/lung, saliva; colonic mucosa; bone marrow and testis, Homo sapiens; Also Pan troglodytes|||gammadelta T cells, neutrophils, monocytes; macrophages; mast cells; lymphocytes, Mesenchymal Stem Cells; islets; sweat/skin; airway/lung, saliva; colonic mucosa; bone marrow and testis, Homo sapiens; Also Pan troglodytes|||gammadelta T cells, neutrophils, monocytes; macrophages; mast cells; lymphocytes, Mesenchymal Stem Cells; islets; sweat/skin; airway/lung, saliva; colonic mucosa; bone marrow and testis, Homo sapiens; Also Pan troglodytes|||Homo sapiens|||Homo sapiens [Human]|||Homo sapiens [Human]|||gammadelta T cells, neutrophils, monocytes; macrophages; mast cells; lymphocytes, Mesenchymal Stem Cells; islets; sweat/skin; airway/lung, saliva; colonic mucosa; bone marrow and testis, Homo sapiens; Also Pan troglodytes Helix Moderate hemolytic activity (60% hemolysis at 50 μM)|||hRBC (4.47 (±0.35)% hemolysis at 175 ug/ml), Sheep RBC (HC₅₀=32 ± 0.68 ug/ml)|||hRBC (4.47 (±0.35)% hemolysis at 175 ug/ml), Sheep RBC = (HC50=32 ± 0.68 ug/ml) "Eur J Biochem. 1996 Jun 1;238(2):325-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0325z.x. PubMed|||Gudmundsson GH, Agerberth B, Odeberg J, Bergman T, Olsson B, Salcedo R. T.1996 Eur J Biochem. 1996 Jun 1;238(2):325-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0325z.x. PubMed|||Eur J Biochem. 1996 Jun 1;238(2):325-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0325z.x.|||Eur J Biochem. 1996 Jun 1;238(2):325-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0325z.x. PubMed|||1996 Jun 1;238(2):325-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0325z.x.|||Eur J Biochem . 1996 Jun 1;238(2):325-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0325z.x.|||28476579|||28408902, 30076860, 28400226, 27367675, 30076864, 30043322, 29022391, 31417238, 31396193, 31016971|||35254120|||28408902, 30076860, 28400226, 27367675, 30076864, 30043322, 29022391, 31417238, 31396193, 31016971||Refer 30076860||Refer PubMed ID: 30076864||Refer PubMed ID: 30043322|||Eur J Biochem. 1996 Jun 1;238(2):325-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0325z.x. PubMed" 37 FPDB00053 AP00524|||AP00524|||HBD2|||Human beta-defensin-2 WT hBD - 2|||AP00524|||DRAMP03598 " GIGDPVTCLKSGAICHPVFCPRRYKQIGTCGLPGTKCCKKP" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antiviral||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-HIV||Chemotactic||Anti-toxin||Channel inhibitors||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm||Wound healing||Anti-synthetic: Active against E. coli DSM1103, activity value is MIC = 18.8 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae DSM681, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa DSM1128, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus ATCC25923, activity value is MIC = 100 ug/ml||Anti-and S.pneumoniae DSM11865, activity value is MIC = 300 ug/ml||Antibacterial||Antimicrobial||Anti-Gram+||Anti-Gram- airway, skin, lung, trachea epithelia, and uterus, oral (saliva); Homo sapiens|||airway, skin, lung, trachea epithelia, and uterus, oral (saliva); Homo sapiens|||Synthetic construct|||Homo sapiens [Human]|||airway, skin, lung, trachea epithelia, and uterus, oral (saliva); Homo sapiens|||Homo sapiens (Human) Combine Helix and Beta structure [Ref.15625724] It is slightly hemolytic (<12%) against human erythrocytes at the highest concentration of 500 ug/ml. "Nature. 1997 Jun 26;387(6636):861. PubMed.|||1997 Jun 26;387(6636):861. doi: 10.1038/43088.||see ref AP1315|||Nature. 1997 Jun 26;387(6636):861. doi: 10.1038/43088.|||Nature . 1997 Jun 26;387(6636):861. doi: 10.1038/43088.||see ref AP1315|||9727055|||Nature. 1997 Jun 26;387(6636):861. PubMed.|||Nature. 1997 Jun 26;387(6636):861.J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 20;275(42):32911-32918.Plant Cell Rep. 2007 Aug;26(8):1391-1398." 41 FPDB00095 AP01434|||AP01434|||Temporin-PTa|||DRAMP01802 FFGSVLKLIPKIL Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antiviral||Anti-HIV||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-the natural form was not evaluated due to a low amount of the peptide. A synthetic peptide was found to be active. The L and D-forms of the peptide showed identical antibacterial activity against E. coli, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-B. subtilis, activity value is MIC = 6.25 uM||Anti-and S. aureus USA300 MRSA, activity value is MIC = 3.1 uM||Antibacterial||Antimicrobial||Anti-Gram+||Anti-Gram- Hylarana picturata, Asia|||Hylarana picturata, Asi|||Rana picturata [Malaysian fire frog]|||Rana picturata (Malaysian fire frog) (Hylarana picturata) Helix N/A "Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-73. Pub-Med.|||Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-73. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.06.017. Epub 2008 Jun 25.|||Toxicon . 2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-73. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.06.017. Epub 2008 Jun 25.|||2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-73. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.06.017. Epub 2008 Jun 25.|||18621071|||Toxicon. 2008 Sep 1;52(3):465-473." 13 FPDB00098 AP01672|||AP01627|||AP01672|||RC-101 " GICRCICGKGICRCICGR" Anti-Gram+||Antiviral||Anti-HIV||Anti-MRSA||Anti-toxin||Antibiofilm||inhibit S. aureus USA300||viruses HIV-1||SARS-Cov-2||influenza.||Antibacterial amino acid substitution, mammal theta-defensin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative|||amino acid substitution, mammal theta-defensin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative|||Synthetic construct Bridge N/A "RC-101, a retrocyclin-1 analogue with enhanced activity against primary HIV type 1 isolates. PubMed.|||2004 Nov;20(11):1157-65. doi: 10.1089/aid.2004.20.1157.||Lamers et al., 2011|||AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses.2004 Nov;20(11):1157-65. doi: 10.1089/aid.2004.20.1157.||Lamers et al., 2011|||AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses . 2004 Nov;20(11):1157-65. doi: 10.1089/aid.2004.20.1157.|||AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses . 2004 Nov;20(11):1157-65. doi: 10.1089/aid.2004.20.1157.|||16790431" 18 FPDB00099 AP01978|||AP01978|||BmKn2|||CAMPSQ14088|||CAMPSQ14139|||CAMPSQ14397 " FIGAIARLLSKIF" "Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antiviral||Anti-HIV||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Wound healing||Anticancer Crucial residues:||Anticancer||Anti-Gram+ bacteria S. aureus AB94004 or ATCC 25923 or MRSA P1386, activity value is MIC = 0.6 ug/ml||Anti-M. luteus AB93113, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-B. subtilis AB91021, activity value is MIC = 5 ug/ml||Anti-B. thuringiensis AB92037, activity value is MIC = 12.5 ug/ml||Anti-S. epidermidis, activity value is MIC = 2.5||Anti-E. faecalis, activity value is MIC = 10 ug/ml||Anti-E. faecium, activity value is MIC = 10 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 1.5 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa AB93066 and 5 more strains, activity value is MIC = 21.3||Anti-S.aureus, activity value is MIC = 0.6 ug/ml||Anti-M.luteus, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-B.subtilis, activity value is MIC = 5 ug/ml||Anti-E.coli, activity value is MIC = 1.5 ug/ml||Anti-P.aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 21.3 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus AB94004, activity value is MIC = 6.25 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 6.25 ug/ml||Anti-Bacillus subtilis AB91021, activity value is MIC = 12.5 ug/ml||Anti-Bacillus thuringiensis AB92037, activity value is MIC = 12.5 ug/ml||Anti-Micrococcus luteus AB93113, activity value is MIC = 6.25 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa AB93066, activity value is MIC = 50 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus ATCC29213, activity value is MIC = 10 ug/ml||M. abscessus ATCC19977 (MIC= >400 ug/ml)" venom, Buthus martensii Karsch|||venom, Buthus martensii Karsch|||venom, Buthus martensii Karsch, China, Asia|||Mesobuthus martensii [Manchurian scorpion]|||Mesobuthus martensii|||Synthetic construct Helix venom, Buthus martensii Karsch|||Human RBCs (< 40% percent hemolysis at 100 ug/ml) "Peptides. 2004 Feb;25(2):143-50.PubMed|||Peptides. 2004 Feb;25(2):143-50.doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.12.003.||Arpornsuwan et al., 2014||Mangmee et al. 2021|||Peptides . 2004 Feb;25(2):143-50. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.12.003.|||Peptides. 2004 Feb;25(2):143-50. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.12.003.||Arpornsuwan et al., 2014||Mangmee et al. 2021|||15062994|||22792229|||34335511|||34361810|||34780520" 13 FPDB00102 AP02075|||AP02075|||CCL20|||DRAMP03555 " SNFDCCLGYTDRILHPKFIVGFTRQLANEGCDINAIIFHTKKKLSVCANPKQTWVKYIVRLLSKKVKNM" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antiviral||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antiparasitic||Anti-HIV||Chemotactic||Antibiofilm||Anti-Gram- P. aeruginosa PA01, activity value is LD50 = 1.1 ug/ml||Anti-M. catarrhalis ATCC43627, activity value is LD50 = 0.9 ug/ml||Anti-S. pyogenes ATCC14289, activity value is LD50 = 0.2 ug/ml||Anti-E. faecium 1438, activity value is LD50 = 4.5 ug/ml||Anti-C. albicans 90028, activity value is LD50 = 25 ug/ml||Anti-and C. neoforman 96-1043, activity value is LD50 = 80 ug/ml||Anti-S. coag. neg. spp, activity value is MIC = 1.58 uM||Anti-Propionibacterium spp, activity value is MIC = 5.23 uM||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 5.54 uM||Anti-and C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 0.09 uM||Antibacterial ; Escherichia coli ATCC25922||Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213||Antimicrobial||Antibacterial||Anti-Gram+||Anti-Gram- Skin, Homo sapiens|||Homo sapiens [Human]|||Homo sapiens (Human) Combine Helix and Beta structure Skin, Homo sapiens||At a concentration of 20 μM, the hemolysis rate is < 10%. "J Leukoc Biol. 2003 Sep;74(3):448-55. Pub-Med. GenBank:NP_001123518.1.|||J Leukoc Biol. 2003 Sep;74(3):448-55. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0103024.|||J Leukoc Biol. 2003 Sep;74(3):448-55. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0103024.||Ramamourthy et al., 2019|||https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12949249|||J Leukoc Biol . 2003 Sep;74(3):448-55. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0103024.|||J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 4;277(40):37647-54." 69 FPDB00112 AP03807|||AP03807|||GI-20|||DRAMP31340|||AP03807|||DRAMP31340 " GIKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLV" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antiviral||Spermicidal||Anti-HIV||Anti-It inhibits HIV-1. Active against E. faecium V284-17, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-S. aureus USA300, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-K-pneumoniae E406-17, activity value is MIC > 32 uM||Anti-P-aeruginosa E411-17, activity value is MIC > 32 uM||Anti-and E. coli E423-17, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-E. faecium V284-17, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-A. baumannii B28-16, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-E. coli E423-17, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Antimicrobial Derivative of LL-37; Sequence truncation. human cathelicidin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative|||Derivative of LL-37; Sequence truncation. human cathelicidin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative|||Synthetic construct|||Synthetic construct(derived from human cathelicidin LL-37)|||Derivative of LL-37; Sequence truncation. human cathelicidin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative|||Synthetic construct(derived from human cathelicidin LL-37) Helix No hemolytic activity (0% hemolysis at 100 µM)|||human RBC: HC50 ~150 uM, some hemolytic.|||Human RBC (62% hemolysis at 200 uM) "Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Sep;52(9):3438-40. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00452-08. PubMed|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Sep;52(9):3438-40. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00452-08.||Zhang et al., 2021|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 2008 Sep;52(9):3438-40. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00452-08. Epub 2008 Jun 30.|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Sep;52(9):3438-40. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00452-08. PubMed||Zhang et al., 2021|||34959645|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Sep;52(9):3438-40.|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Sep;52(9):3438-40. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00452-08. PubMed|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Sep;52(9):3438-40." 20 FPDB00171 AP00166|||AP00166|||Pleurocidin|||DRAMP02350|||AP00166 GWGSFFKKAAHVGKHVGKAALTHYL Anti-Highly active against A. salmonicida 99-1, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-A. salmonicida 97-4, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-S. enterica serovar Typhimurium MS7953s or 14028s or I or II, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-P. aeruginosa K799 or Z61, activity value is MIC = 4||Anti-E. coli CGSC4908 or UB1005 or DC2, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-S. epidermidis C621, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-methicillin-resistant S. aureus C623 or MRSA, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-C. albicans C627, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 2.2||Anti-A. salmonicida, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 4||Anti-C. aquatilis, activity value is MIC = 2.2||Anti-P. haemolytica, activity value is MIC = 4.4||Anti-positive B. subtilis, activity value is MIC = 1.1||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 17.7||Anti-S. epidermidis, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-UA 140, activity value is MIC = 8||Anti-L. fermenti, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Chemotactic||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Antibacterial||Anti-Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC = 2.2||Anti-Leucothrix mucor, activity value is MIC > 35 uM||Anti-Serratia marcescens, activity value is MIC > 35 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, activity value is MIC > 35 uM||Anti-Aeromonas salmonicida, activity value is MIC = 17.7||Anti-Cytophaga aquatilis, activity value is MIC = 2.2||Anti-Pasteurella haemolytica, activity value is MIC = 4.4||Anti-Salmonella typhimurium I, activity value is MIC = 8.8||Anti-Salmonella typhimurium II, activity value is MIC = 8.8||Anti-Bacillus subtilis, activity value is MIC = 1.1||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 17.7 the skin mucous secretions, Winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus|||the skin mucous secretions, Winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus|||Pseudopleuronectes americanus [Winter flounder]|||Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Winter flounder 4)|||the skin mucous secretions, Winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus Helix Refer 30508627 Mouse RBC (12% hemolysis at 32 uM) "Cole AM, Weis P, Diamond G.1997 J. Biol. Chem. 1997; 272:12008-12013. Pub-Med.||Tao R et al., 2011|||J. Biol. Chem. 1997; 272:12008-12013. Pub-Med.|||Comparative Study J Biol Chem . 1997 May 2;272(18):12008-13. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.18.12008.||Tao R et al., 2011|||9115266 , 10898673 , 12950255 , 12878506, 30508627|||J Biol Chem. 1997 May 2;272(18):12008-12013.|||J. Biol. Chem. 1997; 272:12008-12013. doi: 10.1074/jbc.272.18.12008.||Tao R et al., 2011" 25 FPDB00177 AP00205 ITSISLCTPGCKTGALMGCNMKTATCHCSIHVSK Anti-l inhibitory activity was first reported in 1928. Active against Micrococcus spp, activity value is MIC = 1.1 ug/ml||Anti-Enterococcus spp, activity value is MIC = 16.7||Anti-Bacillus spp, activity value is MIC = 4.2||Anti-Clostridium spp, activity value is MIC = 1.1 ug/ml||Anti-A. viscosus, activity value is MIC = 83.6 ug/ml||Anti-P. acnes, activity value is MIC = 2.1||Anti-and Gram- bacteria: C. jejune, activity value is MIC = 1.1 ug/ml||Anti-H. influenzae, activity value is MIC = 66.9 ug/ml||Anti-H. pylori, activity value is MIC = 0.3 ug/ml||Anti-and Neisseria spp, activity value is MIC = 8.4 ug/ml||Anti-Gram+||Antiviral||Spermicidal||Anti-MRSA||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm||Wound healing||Anticancer Streptococcus lactis, reclassified as Lactococcus lactis Nonhelixbeta N/A "Rogers, LA1928 J. Bacteriol. 1928; 16:321-325. PubMed.||Ref see AP1003|||J. Bacteriol. 1928; 16:321-325. PubMed.|||J Bacteriol . 1928 Nov;16(5):321-5. doi: 10.1128/jb.16.5.321-325.1928.||Ref see AP1003|||1928 Nov;16(5):321-5. doi: 10.1128/jb.16.5.321-325.1928.||Ref see AP1003" 34 FPDB00187 AP00351|||1421|||1422|||4030|||4031|||4032|||4033|||4034|||4035|||4036|||4037|||4038|||AP00351|||Citropin-1.1|||AMP-001/Cit 1.1|||AMP-003|||Cit1.1|||Citropin 1.1|||AMP-001/Cit 1.1|||AP00351 GLFDVIKKVASVIGGL Anti-L. lactis, activity value is MIC = 3||Anti-E.coli, activity value is MIC > 100 ug/ml||Anti-P.multocida, activity value is MIC > 100 ug/ml||Anti-M. luteus, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Anti-S. epidermidis, activity value is MIC = 12||Anti-L. innocua, activity value is MIC = 100 ug/ml||Anti-S. uberis, activity value is MIC = 12 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus or MRSA, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Anti-B. cereus, activity value is MIC = 25||Anti-and B. subtilis, activity value is MIC = 12.5 ug/ml||Anti-Gram+ E. faecalis PCM 2673, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923 or 9144, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922 or 23506, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-A. niger ATCC 16404, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-C.albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-and C.glabrata ATCC 15126, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||60% Cytotoxicity at 0.5 ug/ml||activity value is IC50 = 5000000 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||Anti-MRSA||Anti-inflammatory||Enzyme inhibitor||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Anti-Bacillus cereus, activity value is MIC = 50 ug/ml||Anti-Leuconostoc lactis, activity value is MIC = 6 ug/ml||Anti-Listeria innocua, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Anti-Micrococcus luteus, activity value is MIC = 12 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus epidermidis, activity value is MIC = 12 ug/ml||Anti-Streptococcus uberis, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus JE2 MRSA, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli K12, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 MRSA, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus JE2 MRSA, activity value is MIC = 256 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli K12, activity value is MIC = 256 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-MRSA, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 3 uM||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 19606, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Antibacterial skin secretion, Australian blue mountains tree frog, Litoria citropa|||skin secretion, Australian blue mountains tree frog, Litoria citropa|||Litoria citropa|||Synthetic construct|||Synthetic construct|||skin secretion, Australian blue mountains tree frog, Litoria citropa Helix Human RBCs [HC50 = > 32 ug/ml]|||Mouse RBCs [Hemolysis (%) = 16.5 ± 3 uM]|||Human RBCs [HC50 = > 32 ug/ml] "Wegener KL., Wabnitz PA., Carver JA., Bowie JH., Chia BCS., Wallace JC., Tyler MJ.1999, Australia Eur. J. Biochem. 1999; 265: 627-637. PubMed.||Calabrese AN et al., 2012||Neubauer et al., 2017|||Eur. J. Biochem. 1999; 265: 627-637. PubMed.|||Comparative Study Eur J Biochem . 1999 Oct;265(2):627-37. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00750.x.||Calabrese AN et al., 2012||Neubauer et al., 2017|||10504394|||31336137|||31448597|||30043322|||31336137|||Eur. J. Biochem. 1999; 265: 627-637. PubMed.||Calabrese AN et al., 2012||Neubauer et al., 2017" 16 L FPDB00190 AP00366|||AP00366|||Antibacterial peptide BMAP-27|||DRAMO02855|||Antibacterial peptide BMAP-27|||AP00366 GRFKRFRKKFKKLFKKLSPVIPLLHLG Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922 ML-35 or D21, activity value is MIC = 0.5||Anti-S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, activity value is MIC = 1||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-S. marcescens ATCC 8100, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923 or Cowan 1 MRSA, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-B. megaterium Bm11, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-and C. neoformans, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Anti-E. coli ATCC25922, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-E. coli ML35, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-E.coli D21, activity value is MIC = 0.25 uM||Anti-S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-S. aureus Cowan 1, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-S. aureus MRSA, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-C.albicans, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-C.neoformans, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-E.coli(LOG 2, activity value is MIC = 3.75||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC25922, activity value is MIC = 1 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli ML35, activity value is MIC = 1 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli D21, activity value is MIC = 0.25 ug/ml||Anti-Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, activity value is MIC = 1 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 1 ug/ml||Anti-Serratia marcescens ATCC 8100, activity value is MIC = 2 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 2 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1, activity value is MIC = 2 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, activity value is MIC = 1 ug/ml||Anti-Bacillus megaterium Bm11, activity value is MIC = 2 ug/ml||Anti-Cryptococcus neoformans, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml cattle, Bos taurus|||cattle, Bos taurus|||Bos taurus [Bovine]|||Bos taurus (Bovine)|||Bos taurus [Bovine]|||cattle, Bos taurus Helix "The hemolytic activity of the two BMAPs was much lower, when measured on bovine erythrocytes (data not shown). These cells were 5–10-fold less susceptible than human red blood cells to BMAP-28 (3, 6, and 22% hemolysis at 10, 30, and 100000 uM peptide), and virtually unaffected by BMAP-27 even at 100000 uM. We speculate that the different susceptibility of human and bovine red blood cells to these molecules may be accounted for by species-specific differences in the erythrocyte membrane composition, and may reflect the need to protect the host cells from undesired cytotoxic effects. We have also noted that the effects of BMAP-28 on the cell membranes are consistently higher than BMAP-27, in spite of the structural similarity of the two molecules, thus suggesting that minor structural dif-ferences can modulate the activity of these peptides.|||The document explicitly mentions the hemolytic values of two novel antimicrobial peptides (BMAP-27, BMAP-28) and their derivatives (BMAP-27(1–18), BMAP-28(1–18), mBMAP-28) on human red blood cells. The core data are as follows: 1. Hemolytic properties of parent peptides (BMAP-27, BMAP-28). BMAP-28 (for human red blood cells): At a concentration of 3 μM, the hemolysis rate is 14.5%; At a concentration of 100 μM, the hemolysis rate exceeds 90% (specifically 94.1%). BMAP-27 (against human red blood cells): At a concentration of 3 μM, the hemolysis rate is only 3.5%; At a concentration of 100 μM, the hemolysis rate is 32.7%. Its hemolytic effect on bovine red blood cells is significantly lower than that of human red blood cells: BMAP-28 had hemolytic rates of 3%, 6%, and 22% at concentrations of 10 uM, 30 uM, and 100 uM, respectively; BMAP-27 has almost no hemolytic effect on bovine red blood cells even at a concentration of 100 uM. 2. Hemolytic properties of truncated derivatives (BMAP-27(1–18), BMAP-28(1–18)). The hemolytic effect of truncated peptides (retaining only 18 residues at the N-terminus and removing the hydrophobic tail at the C-terminus) is significantly reduced: BMAP-27 (1–18): Has almost no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells (Figure 6 shows no significant hemolytic rate; combined with text description of ""hemolytic effect disappears""). BMAP-28(1–18): hemolytic rate of human red blood cells is significantly lower than that of parent peptides (the curve in Figure 6 is close to baseline, no specific value, but the text clearly states ""hemolytic effect greatly reduced""). 3. Hemolytic properties of modified derivatives (mBMAP-28). Significant loss of hemolytic activity in mBMAP-28 (replacement of hydrophobic residues at the C-terminal for hydrophilic residues): At a concentration of 100 μM, the hemolytic rate for human red blood cells is only 3.3%, far lower than the 94.1% of the parent peptide BMAP-28. Additional notes Hemolysis detection method: Using standard hemolysis experiments, 10% (v/v) red blood cell suspension and peptides of different concentrations were incubated at 37°C for 15 minutes to measure absorbance at 415nm, using complete hemolysis induced by 0.2% Triton X-100 as a 100% control. Relationship between hemolysis and antibacterial activity: The hemolytic concentration of parental peptides (≥3 uM) is much higher than that of their antibacterial activity concentration (MIC: 0.25–4 uM); Truncated/modified derivatives retain antibacterial activity while significantly reducing hemolytic activity and improving targeted selectivity.|||The document clearly mentions the hemolytic values of BMAP-27, BMAP-28, and their analogues (truncated or modified forms) on human and bovine red blood cells. The core data are as follows: I. Hemolytic values for human red blood cells (key indicators) Measured by standard hemolysis experiments, presented as ""peptide concentration (uM) - hemolysis rate (%)"", the results are the average of multiple independent experiments (S.E. ≤1.8): 1. BMAP-28 3 uM: 14.5% 100 uM: >90% (specifically 94.1%) 2. BMAP-27 3 uM: 3.5% 100 uM: 32.7% 3. Truncated forms: BMAP-27(1–18), BMAP-28(1–18) BMAP-27(1–18): nearly no hemolytic activity (no specific value given, only mentioned as ""hemolytic effect disappeared""). BMAP-28(1–18): hemolytic activity significantly reduced (no specific concentration-hemolysis correspondence given, only mentioned as ""declined markedly""). 4. Modified form: mBMAP-28 (hydrophobic residues at C-terminus replaced with hydrophilic residues) 100 uM: only 3.3% hemolysis (much lower than parent BMAP-28's 94.1%). II. Hemolytic values for bovine red blood cells (species difference comparison) Bovine red blood cells are significantly less sensitive to BMAPs than human red blood cells: 1. BMAP-28 10 uM: 3% 30 uM: 6% 100 uM: 22% 2. BMAP-27 100 uM: virtually no hemolysis (""virtually unaffected""). III. Supplementary notes Hemolysis experiment conditions: 10% (v/v) red blood cell suspension in pH 7.4 PBS, incubated with peptides at 37 °C for 15 minutes, with complete hemolysis induced by 0.2% Triton X-100 as the 100% control. Trend: The hemolytic activity of peptides is mainly mediated by the hydrophobic domain at the C-terminus—removal (truncated forms) or modification (mBMAP-28) of this region significantly reduces hemolysis, but antibacterial activity (MIC) is largely retained.|||BMAP-28 can cause 14.5% hemolysis of human red blood cells at a concentration of 3 μM, and the hemolysis rate exceeds 90% at 100 μM. BMAP-27 can cause 3.5% hemolysis of human red blood cells at a concentration of 3 μM, and the hemolysis rate is 32.7% at 100 μM. Cow red blood cells are 5-10 times less sensitive to BMAP-28 than human red blood cells, with hemolysis rates of 3%, 6%, and 22% at concentrations of 10 μM, 30 μM, and 100 μM, respectively; BMAP-27 shows almost no hemolytic effect on cow red blood cells at 100 μM. The hemolytic effect of the truncated analog BMAP-27(1-18) disappears, and the hemolytic effect of BMAP-28(1-18) is greatly reduced. The modified analog mBMAP-28 has a hemolysis rate of only 3.3% for human red blood cells at 100 μM, far lower than the 94.1% of the parent peptide BMAP-28.|||BMAP-27 shows lower toxicity, with a hemolysis rate of only 3.5% at 3 uM and 32.7% at 100 uM.|||human RBC: HC50>100 uM (3.5% hemolysis at 3 uM; 32.7% hemolysis at 100 uM), but not hemo.lytic to bovine RBC even at 100 uM. Thus, hemolysis is related to cell sources, indicating the need of protecting the host from lysis." "Skerlavaj B., Gennaro R., Bagella L., Merluzzi L, Risso A, Zanetti M.1996 J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 28375-28381. PubMed.||Xia et al., 2024|||J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 28375-28381. PubMed.|||J Biol Chem . 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28375-81. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.45.28375.||Xia et al., 2024|||8910461, 29103679||Refer PubMed ID: 29103679|||J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28375-28381.|||8910461, 29103679||Refer PubMed ID: 29103679|||J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 28375-28381. PubMed.||Xia et al., 2024" 27 FPDB00191 AP00367|||AP00367|||Cathelicidin-5 , Antibacterial peptide BMAP-28 , Myeloid antibacterial peptide 28|||DRAMO02854|||Cathelicidin-5 , Antibacterial peptide BMAP-28 , Myeloid antibacterial peptide 28|||AP00367 GGLRSLGRKILRAWKKYGPIIVPIIRIG Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922 ML-35 or D21, activity value is MIC = 0.5||Anti-S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-S. marcescens ATCC 8100, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923 or Cowan 1 MRSA, activity value is MIC = 1||Anti-S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-B. megaterium Bm11, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-and C. neoformans, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antiviral||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antiparasitic||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-E. coli ML35, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-E. coli D21, activity value is MIC = 0.5 uM||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-S. aureus Cowan 1, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-B. megaterium Bm11, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-C. neoformans, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-E.coli(LOG 2, activity value is MIC = 5.80||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-Serratia marcescens ATCC 8100, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-Bacillus megaterium Bm11, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Cryptococcus neoformans, activity value is MIC = 4 uM peripheral neutrophils; cattle, Bos taurus|||peripheral neutrophils; cattle, Bos taurus|||Bos taurus [Bovine]|||Bos taurus (Bovine)|||Bos taurus [Bovine]|||peripheral neutrophils; cattle, Bos taurus Helix "The hemolytic activity of the two BMAPs was much lower, when measured on bovine erythrocytes (data not shown). These cells were 5–10-fold less susceptible than human red blood cells to BMAP-28 (3, 6, and 22% hemolysis at 10, 30, and 100000 uM peptide), and virtually unaffected by BMAP-27 even at 100000 uM. We speculate that the different susceptibility of human and bovine red blood cells to these molecules may be accounted for by species-specific differences in the erythrocyte membrane composition, and may reflect the need to protect the host cells from undesired cytotoxic effects. We have also noted that the effects of BMAP-28 on the cell membranes are consistently higher than BMAP-27, in spite of the structural similarity of the two molecules, thus suggesting that minor structural dif-ferences can modulate the activity of these peptides.|||The document explicitly mentions the hemolytic values of two novel antimicrobial peptides (BMAP-27, BMAP-28) and their derivatives (BMAP-27(1–18), BMAP-28(1–18), mBMAP-28) on human red blood cells. The core data are as follows: 1. Hemolytic properties of parent peptides (BMAP-27, BMAP-28). BMAP-28 (for human red blood cells): At a concentration of 3 μM, the hemolysis rate is 14.5%; At a concentration of 100 μM, the hemolysis rate exceeds 90% (specifically 94.1%). BMAP-27 (against human red blood cells): At a concentration of 3 μM, the hemolysis rate is only 3.5%; At a concentration of 100 μM, the hemolysis rate is 32.7%. Its hemolytic effect on bovine red blood cells is significantly lower than that of human red blood cells: BMAP-28 had hemolytic rates of 3%, 6%, and 22% at concentrations of 10 uM, 30 uM, and 100 uM, respectively; BMAP-27 has almost no hemolytic effect on bovine red blood cells even at a concentration of 100 uM. 2. Hemolytic properties of truncated derivatives (BMAP-27(1–18), BMAP-28(1–18)). The hemolytic effect of truncated peptides (retaining only 18 residues at the N-terminus and removing the hydrophobic tail at the C-terminus) is significantly reduced: BMAP-27 (1–18): Has almost no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells (Figure 6 shows no significant hemolytic rate; combined with text description of ""hemolytic effect disappears""). BMAP-28(1–18): hemolytic rate of human red blood cells is significantly lower than that of parent peptides (the curve in Figure 6 is close to baseline, no specific value, but the text clearly states ""hemolytic effect greatly reduced""). 3. Hemolytic properties of modified derivatives (mBMAP-28). Significant loss of hemolytic activity in mBMAP-28 (replacement of hydrophobic residues at the C-terminal for hydrophilic residues): At a concentration of 100 μM, the hemolytic rate for human red blood cells is only 3.3%, far lower than the 94.1% of the parent peptide BMAP-28. Additional notes Hemolysis detection method: Using standard hemolysis experiments, 10% (v/v) red blood cell suspension and peptides of different concentrations were incubated at 37°C for 15 minutes to measure absorbance at 415nm, using complete hemolysis induced by 0.2% Triton X-100 as a 100% control. Relationship between hemolysis and antibacterial activity: The hemolytic concentration of parental peptides (≥3 uM) is much higher than that of their antibacterial activity concentration (MIC: 0.25–4 uM); Truncated/modified derivatives retain antibacterial activity while significantly reducing hemolytic activity and improving targeted selectivity.|||The document clearly mentions the hemolytic values of BMAP-27, BMAP-28, and their analogues (truncated or modified forms) on human and bovine red blood cells. The core data are as follows: I. Hemolytic values for human red blood cells (key indicators) Measured by standard hemolysis experiments, presented as ""peptide concentration (uM) - hemolysis rate (%)"", the results are the average of multiple independent experiments (S.E. ≤1.8): 1. BMAP-28 3 uM: 14.5% 100 uM: >90% (specifically 94.1%) 2. BMAP-27 3 uM: 3.5% 100 uM: 32.7% 3. Truncated forms: BMAP-27(1–18), BMAP-28(1–18) BMAP-27(1–18): nearly no hemolytic activity (no specific value given, only mentioned as ""hemolytic effect disappeared""). BMAP-28(1–18): hemolytic activity significantly reduced (no specific concentration-hemolysis correspondence given, only mentioned as ""declined markedly""). 4. Modified form: mBMAP-28 (hydrophobic residues at C-terminus replaced with hydrophilic residues) 100 uM: only 3.3% hemolysis (much lower than parent BMAP-28's 94.1%). II. Hemolytic values for bovine red blood cells (species difference comparison) Bovine red blood cells are significantly less sensitive to BMAPs than human red blood cells: 1. BMAP-28 10 uM: 3% 30 uM: 6% 100 uM: 22% 2. BMAP-27 100 uM: virtually no hemolysis (""virtually unaffected""). III. Supplementary notes Hemolysis experiment conditions: 10% (v/v) red blood cell suspension in pH 7.4 PBS, incubated with peptides at 37 °C for 15 minutes, with complete hemolysis induced by 0.2% Triton X-100 as the 100% control. Trend: The hemolytic activity of peptides is mainly mediated by the hydrophobic domain at the C-terminus—removal (truncated forms) or modification (mBMAP-28) of this region significantly reduces hemolysis, but antibacterial activity (MIC) is largely retained.|||BMAP-28 can cause 14.5% hemolysis of human red blood cells at a concentration of 3 μM, and the hemolysis rate exceeds 90% at 100 μM. BMAP-27 can cause 3.5% hemolysis of human red blood cells at a concentration of 3 μM, and the hemolysis rate is 32.7% at 100 μM. Cow red blood cells are 5-10 times less sensitive to BMAP-28 than human red blood cells, with hemolysis rates of 3%, 6%, and 22% at concentrations of 10 μM, 30 μM, and 100 μM, respectively; BMAP-27 shows almost no hemolytic effect on cow red blood cells at 100 μM. The hemolytic effect of the truncated analog BMAP-27(1-18) disappears, and the hemolytic effect of BMAP-28(1-18) is greatly reduced. The modified analog mBMAP-28 has a hemolysis rate of only 3.3% for human red blood cells at 100 μM, far lower than the 94.1% of the parent peptide BMAP-28.|||At 3 uM, the hemolysis rate of BMAP-28 is 14.5%, and it exceeds 90% at 100 uM.|||The document mentions experimental results related to hemolysis, as follows: - Hemolytic effect of BMAP-28 on human red blood cells: at a concentration of 3 µM, 14.5% of cells were lysed; at 100 µM, more than 90% of cells were lysed. - Hemolytic effect of BMAP-27 on human red blood cells: at a concentration of 3 µM, 3.5% of cells were lysed; at 100 µM, 32.7% of cells were lysed. - Hemolytic effect of BMAP-28 on bovine red blood cells: at concentrations of 10 µM, 30 µM, and 100 µM, 3%, 6%, and 22% of cells were lysed, respectively. - Hemolytic effect of BMAP-27 on bovine red blood cells: even at a concentration of 100 µM, bovine red blood cells were almost unaffected. - Hemolytic effect of BMAP-28(1-18) on human red blood cells: hemolytic activity was significantly reduced (specific values were not clearly listed). - Hemolytic effect of BMAP-27(1-18) on human red blood cells: completely lost hemolytic activity. - Hemolytic effect of mBMAP-28 on human red blood cells: at a concentration of 100 µM, only 3.3% of cells were lysed.|||Human RBC: HC50 < 100 uM (at 100 uM, 90% hemolysis). However, lower hemolysis to bovine RBC BMAP-28 (3, 6, and 22% hemolysis at 10, 30, and 100000 uM peptide)." "Skerlavaj B., Gennaro R., Bagella L., Merluzzi L, Risso A, Zanetti M.1996 J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 28375-28381. PubMed.|||J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 28375-28381. PubMed.|||J Biol Chem . 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28375-81. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.45.28375.|||8910461, 29103679||Refer PubMed ID: 29103679|||J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28375-28381.|||8910461, 29103679||Refer PubMed ID: 29103679|||J. Biol. Chem. 1996; 271: 28375-28381. PubMed." 28 FPDB00207 AP05069 " GRMQEFIKKLKAYLRKMKEKFSQIS" Anti-Gram- S. typhimurium CGMCC 1.1174, activity value is MIC = 2.5 uM||Anti-E. coli CCTCC AB 2018675, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-S. dysenteriae CGMCC 1.1869, activity value is MIC = 2.5 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa CGMCC 1.596, activity value is MIC = 5||Anti-K. pneumoniae, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-A. baumannii, activity value is MIC = 5||Anti-S. aureus CMCC 26003 or MRSA ATCC 43300, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-and E. faecium, activity value is MIC = 2.5 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm||Anticancer venom, the wolf spider, Lycosa coelestis|||venom, the wolf spider, Lycosa coelestis, Asia|||venom, the wolf spider, Lycosa coelestis, Asia Helix "6.15% hemolysis|||LC-AMP-I1: At a maximum concentration of 320 µM, the hemolysis rate is 10.13%. Melittin: At 5 µM, the hemolysis rate is close to 100%.|||The document explicitly provides the core hemolytic data of the antimicrobial peptide LC-AMP-I1, using rabbit red blood cells as the test subject. The specific hemolysis rates were determined through hemolysis assays, with the key information as follows: 1. Core Hemolytic Data of LC-AMP-I1 - Hemolysis rate: At the highest tested concentration of 320 μM (corresponding to a mass concentration of 987.75 μg/ml), the hemolysis rate of LC-AMP-I1 was only 10.13%, far lower than the hemolytic activity of the positive control melittin (honey bee venom peptide), for which the hemolysis rate is nearly 100% at 5 μM. - Concentration dependence: In the experiment, the concentration gradient of LC-AMP-I1 was 5–320 μM. Low hemolytic activity was observed only at the highest concentration, while within its effective antimicrobial concentration range (2.5–10 μM, corresponding to MIC values against multidrug-resistant bacteria), the hemolysis rate was even lower, demonstrating excellent safety. 2. Experimental Method Details 1. Red blood cell preparation: Rabbit red blood cells were washed three times with PBS and resuspended to a 1% red blood cell solution. 2. Hemolysis reaction: Red blood cells were mixed with LC-AMP-I1 at various concentrations (5–320 μM) and incubated at 37 °C for 1 hour. The mixture was then centrifuged at 930 × g for 5 minutes, and the absorbance of the supernatant at 570 nm was measured to reflect the amount of hemoglobin released. 3. Control setup: 0.1% Triton X-100 (100% hemolysis) and PBS (0% hemolysis) were used as controls. The hemolysis rate was calculated according to the formula: Hemolysis rate (%) = [(A_sample - A_PBS) / (A_Triton X-100 - A_PBS)] × 100% 3. Key Conclusions LC-AMP-I1 exhibits extremely low hemolytic activity. Even at 320 μM, which far exceeds its effective antimicrobial concentration range (2.5–10 μM), the hemolysis rate is only 10.13%. It shows negligible toxicity to normal mammalian cells (such as LO2 liver cells and HEK293T kidney cells, with high cell viability) and presents some selective toxicity toward tumor cells (such as 4T1 breast cancer cells). This characteristic provides a strong safety foundation for in vivo applications (e.g., no toxic reactions observed in a neutropenic mouse thigh infection model at a dose of 20,000 μg/kg), making LC-AMP-I1 a promising candidate as an alternative to conventional antibiotics." Wang J, Liu X, Song Y, Liu Z, Tang X, Tan H. 2024 Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2025 Jan 31;69(1):e0042424. doi: 10.1128/aac.00424-24. PubMed|||2025 Jan 31;69(1):e0042424. doi: 10.1128/aac.00424-24. Epub 2024 Dec 2.|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2025 Jan 31;69(1):e0042424. doi: 10.1128/aac.00424-24. PubMed 25 FPDB00215 AP04819 " FLSLIPKAIKAVKALAKKL" Anti-Gram+ S. aureus ATCC 6538 or MRSA NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-A. baumannii BAA 747, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-K. pneumonia ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-and fungi C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||anti-sepsis||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anticancer amino acid substitution, amphibian peptide analog, animal-derived, natural derivative Helix PSTO2: 21.787K: 21.9718K: 20.59SR: 12.60SR2: 6.53SRD7: 74.78SR2D10: 75.24D1/D2: No obvious hemolysis (>512 uM)|||In vitro toxicity: horse RBC: HC50 32 uM. It showed toxicity to both cancer and non-cancer cells.|||w90c6t7w1sexseowqbf1|||horse RBC: HC50 32 uM. It showed toxicity to both cancer and non-cancer cells. Yin W, Yao J, Leng X, Ma C, Chen X, Jiang Y, Wang T, Chen T, Shaw C, Zhou M, et al. 2024 Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098. MDPI|||https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098|||Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098. MDPI|||Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098. MDPI 19 FPDB00216 AP04818|||AP04818|||AP04819 " FLSLIPKAIKAVSALAKKL" Anti-Gram+ S. aureus ATCC 6538 or MRSA NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-A. baumannii BAA 747, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-K. pneumonia ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-and fungi C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-A. baumannii BAA 747, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||anti-sepsis||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anticancer amino acid substitution, amphibian peptide analog, animal-derived, natural derivative Helix PSTO2: 21.787K: 21.9718K: 20.59SR: 12.60SR2: 6.53SRD7: 74.78SR2D10: 75.24D1/D2: No obvious hemolysis (>512 uM)|||horse RBC: HC50 64 uM. It showed toxicity to both cancer and non-cancer cells.|||w90c6t7w1sexseowqbf1 Yin W, Yao J, Leng X, Ma C, Chen X, Jiang Y, Wang T, Chen T, Shaw C, Zhou M, et al. 2024 Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098. MDPI|||https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098|||Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098.|||Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098. MDPI|||Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098. MDPI 19 FPDB00217 AP04815 " FLSLIPHAISAVSALAKHL" Anti-Gram+ S. aureus ATCC 6538 or MRSA NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-E. coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-A.baumannii BAA 747, activity value is MIC > 128 uM||Anti-K. pneumonia ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC > 128 uM||Anti-and fungi C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||anti-sepsis||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anticancer the skin secretion, Super Tiger Leg Monkey Tree Frog, Phyllomedusa tomopterna, Central America, South America|||the skin secretion, Super Tiger Leg Monkey Tree Frog, Phyllomedusa tomopterna, Central America, South America Helix PSTO2: 21.787K: 21.9718K: 20.59SR: 12.60SR2: 6.53SRD7: 74.78SR2D10: 75.24D1/D2: No obvious hemolysis (>512 uM)|||horse RBC: HC50 64 uM.|||w90c6t7w1sexseowqbf1 Yin W, Yao J, Leng X, Ma C, Chen X, Jiang Y, Wang T, Chen T, Shaw C, Zhou M, et al. 2024 Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098. MDPI|||https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098|||Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098|||Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098. MDPI|||Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098. MDPI 19 FPDB00224 AP04231 FLPLLAGLAASFLPTIFCKISRKC Anti-Gram+ E. faecalis ATCC 29212, activity value is MIC = 3.125 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923 or MDR ATCC 29213, activity value is MIC = 6.25 ug/ml||Anti-S. saprophytics ATCCBAA750, activity value is MIC = 6.25 ug/ml||Anti-S. epidermidis CI 1607BL1D39, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-S. haemolyticus CI 1607BLD590, activity value is MIC = 12.5 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 100 ug/ml||Anti-E. hormaechei ATCC700323, activity value is MIC = 100 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 100 ug/ml||Anti-K.pneumoniae ATCC700603, activity value is MIC > 100 ug/ml||Anti-C. koseri CI 1611SED223, activity value is MIC = 50 ug/ml||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-inflammatory||anti-sepsis||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anticancer skin, Pelophylax nigromaculatus, East Asia|||skin, Pelophylax nigromaculatus, East Asia N/A "HC50(50% hemolytic concentration)value of 35.8 ug/ml|||At a concentration of 3.125 µg/ml, the hemolytic activity on sheep red blood cells is not significant; When the concentration is >12.5 µg/ml, notable hemolysis occurs; 50% hemolysis concentration|||The document provides core hemolytic data for the novel antimicrobial peptide Brevinin-1BW, with the following specific results: 1. Key hemolytic indicators Characteristics of concentration-dependent hemolysis: At a concentration of 3.125 ug/ml, Brevinin-1BW's hemolytic activity on sheep red blood cells (2% suspension) was not obvious, with almost no hemolytic effect. When the concentration exceeds 12.5 μg/ml, significant hemolysis begins, and the hemolysis rate increases with higher concentration. Its 50% hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀) is 35.8 ug/ml, meaning that at this concentration, 50% of sheep erythrocytes can be lysed (Figure 5B). Security Comparison: The effective antibacterial concentration (MIC) of Brevinin-1BW is much lower than its hemolytic activity-related concentration: against Gram-positive bacteria (such as Enterococcus faecalisis ATCC 29212 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923), the MIC is 3.125~6.25 ug/ml, both below 12.5 ug/ml (significant hemolysis onset concentration), indicating a low risk of hemolysis at effective antibacterial doses. 2. Additional Explanation Experimental conditions: Using 2% sheep red blood cell suspension, incubate Brevinin-1BW (3.125~100 ug/ml) at different concentrations with red blood cell suspension at 37°C for 2 hours; Using normal saline as the negative control (no hemolysis), 0.1% Triton X-100 as the positive control (complete hemolysis), after centrifugation, measure the absorbance of the supernatant at 570 nm. Calculate the hemolysis rate according to the formula: hemolysis rate % = (absorbance of negative control - absorbance of sample) / (absorbance of negative control - absorbance of positive control) × 100%. Hemolytic characteristics and associations: The hemolytic activity of Brevinin-1BW is related to its structure. As a member of the Brevinin-1 family, its C-terminus contains a ""Rana box"" disulfide bond structure and has high hydrophobicity (hydrophobicity index 0.838, Table 1). Excessive hydrophobicity may cause it to damage mammalian cell membranes at high concentrations, triggering hemolysis. Combined with cytotoxicity data (CC₅₀ for normal cells such as HaCaT and HUVEC both > 28 ug/ml, Table 4), it is further demonstrated that it has good biosafety within the range of potential clinical application concentrations (below 12.5 ug/ml)." Chen Z, Wang L, He D, Liu Q, Han Q, Zhang J, Zhang AM, Song Y. 2024 Molecules. 2024 Mar 29;29(7):1534. doi: 10.3390/molecules29071534. PubMed|||. 2024 Mar 29;29(7):1534. doi: 10.3390/molecules29071534.|||Molecules. 2024 Mar 29;29(7):1534. doi: 10.3390/molecules29071534. PubMed|||Molecules. 2024 Mar 29;29(7):1534. doi: 10.3390/molecules29071534. PubMed 24 FPDB00228 AP04053 GFMKTWKNVWKNVAATLLKLLK Anti-S. aureus NCTC 10788 or MRSA, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-E. faecium NTCC 12697, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-and P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anticancer sequence truncation, Amino acid substitution, animal-derived, natural derivative Helix "R2AW: approximately 20% hemolytic activity, highest tested concentration 256 µM [Ser²³,²⁹] R2AW: approximately 10% hemolytic activity. R2AW(1-22): no hemolytic activity observed. R2AW(1-22)-NH₂: approximately 10% hemolytic activity [Lys⁴,¹⁹,Leu²⁰] R2AW(1-22)-NH₂: no hemolytic activity observed, highest tested concentration 16 µM [Trp⁶,¹⁰] R2AW(1-22)-NH₂: approximately 20% hemolytic activity, highest tested concentration 2 µM.|||horse RBC: low hemolytic (HC50 8 uM).|||The hemolytic data of R2AW and its derivatives against horse red blood cells provided in the document are presented as hemolysis rates (%) at different concentrations, with the specific results as follows: 1. Hemolytic characteristics of each peptide (based on 2% horse red blood cell suspension, incubated at 37 °C for 2 hours) Peptide Name | Key Hemolytic Properties (Concentration Range: 1~256 µM) --- | --- Parent Peptide R2AW | At the highest concentration of 256 µM, the hemolysis rate is about 20% [Ser²³,²⁹]R2AW | At the highest concentration of 256 µM, the hemolysis rate is about 10%, lower than the parent peptide R2AW(1-22) | No hemolysis observed across the entire concentration range (1~256 µM) (due to removal of the Rana box and lack of amidation) R2AW(1-22)-NH₂ | At the highest concentration of 256 µM, the hemolysis rate is about 10%, similar to [Ser²³,²⁹]R2AW [Lys⁴,¹⁹, Leu²⁰]R2AW(1-22)-NH₂ | No hemolysis observed at its maximum minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC=16 µM), optimal safety [Trp⁶,¹⁰]R2AW(1-22)-NH₂ | Hemolysis of about 20% occurs even at a low concentration (2 µM), and hemolysis increases further at high concentrations, exhibiting the highest toxicity 2. Additional Notes Control settings: the 0.1% Triton X-100 treatment group served as the 100% hemolysis positive control, and the PBS treatment group as the 0% hemolysis negative control. Hemolysis rate was calculated using the formula: Hemolysis Rate = (Absorbance of experimental group - Absorbance of negative control) / (Absorbance of positive control - Absorbance of negative control) × 100%. Key conclusions: - Removal of the Rana box (R2AW(1-22)) or substituting cysteine with serine ([Ser²³,²⁹]R2AW) can reduce hemolysis. - The derivative with increased cationicity and hydrophobicity, [Lys⁴,¹⁹, Leu²⁰]R2AW(1-22)-NH₂, shows no hemolysis at effective antibacterial concentrations, combining high activity with low toxicity. - Tryptophan substitution ([Trp⁶,¹⁰]R2AW(1-22)-NH₂) enhances anticancer activity but significantly increases hemolysis due to excessive hydrophobicity, limiting clinical application." Yao A, Liu T, Cai Y, Zhou S, Chen X, Zhou M, Ma C, Chen T, Shaw C, Wang L2023 Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Dec 19;13(1):5. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13010005. PubMed|||2023 Dec 19;13(1):5. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13010005.|||Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Dec 19;13(1):5. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13010005. PubMed 22 FPDB00229 AP04052 GFMKTAKNVAKNVAATLLKLLK Anti-S. aureus NCTC 10788 or MRSA, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-E. faecium NTCC 12697, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-and P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anticancer sequence truncation, Amino acid substitution, animal-derived, natural derivative Helix "R2AW: approximately 20% hemolytic activity, highest tested concentration 256 µM [Ser²³,²⁹] R2AW: approximately 10% hemolytic activity. R2AW(1-22): no hemolytic activity observed. R2AW(1-22)-NH₂: approximately 10% hemolytic activity [Lys⁴,¹⁹,Leu²⁰] R2AW(1-22)-NH₂: no hemolytic activity observed, highest tested concentration 16 µM [Trp⁶,¹⁰] R2AW(1-22)-NH₂: approximately 20% hemolytic activity, highest tested concentration 2 µM.|||horse RBC: low hemo.lytic (HC50> 128 uM).|||The hemolytic data of R2AW and its derivatives against horse red blood cells provided in the document are presented as hemolysis rates (%) at different concentrations, with the specific results as follows: 1. Hemolytic characteristics of each peptide (based on 2% horse red blood cell suspension, incubated at 37 °C for 2 hours) Peptide Name | Key Hemolytic Properties (Concentration Range: 1~256 µM) --- | --- Parent Peptide R2AW | At the highest concentration of 256 µM, the hemolysis rate is about 20% [Ser²³,²⁹]R2AW | At the highest concentration of 256 µM, the hemolysis rate is about 10%, lower than the parent peptide R2AW(1-22) | No hemolysis observed across the entire concentration range (1~256 µM) (due to removal of the Rana box and lack of amidation) R2AW(1-22)-NH₂ | At the highest concentration of 256 µM, the hemolysis rate is about 10%, similar to [Ser²³,²⁹]R2AW [Lys⁴,¹⁹, Leu²⁰]R2AW(1-22)-NH₂ | No hemolysis observed at its maximum minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC=16 µM), optimal safety [Trp⁶,¹⁰]R2AW(1-22)-NH₂ | Hemolysis of about 20% occurs even at a low concentration (2 µM), and hemolysis increases further at high concentrations, exhibiting the highest toxicity 2. Additional Notes Control settings: the 0.1% Triton X-100 treatment group served as the 100% hemolysis positive control, and the PBS treatment group as the 0% hemolysis negative control. Hemolysis rate was calculated using the formula: Hemolysis Rate = (Absorbance of experimental group - Absorbance of negative control) / (Absorbance of positive control - Absorbance of negative control) × 100%. Key conclusions: - Removal of the Rana box (R2AW(1-22)) or substituting cysteine with serine ([Ser²³,²⁹]R2AW) can reduce hemolysis. - The derivative with increased cationicity and hydrophobicity, [Lys⁴,¹⁹, Leu²⁰]R2AW(1-22)-NH₂, shows no hemolysis at effective antibacterial concentrations, combining high activity with low toxicity. - Tryptophan substitution ([Trp⁶,¹⁰]R2AW(1-22)-NH₂) enhances anticancer activity but significantly increases hemolysis due to excessive hydrophobicity, limiting clinical application." Yao A, Liu T, Cai Y, Zhou S, Chen X, Zhou M, Ma C, Chen T, Shaw C, Wang L2023 Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Dec 19;13(1):5. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13010005. PubMed|||2023 Dec 19;13(1):5. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13010005.|||Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Dec 19;13(1):5. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13010005. PubMed 22 FPDB00235 AP03680|||DRAMP35969 FLPLLAGLAANFLPKIICKIARKC Anti-Gram+ S. aureus ATCC 6538 or MRSA NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-E. faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-C.albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC = 256 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Antimicrobial amino acid substitution, animal-derived, natural derivative|||Synthetic (derived from B1AW) Helix "amino acid substitution, animal-derived, natural derivative|||the peptide is toxic: hemolytic HC50 10.6 uM: highly hemolytic. Also HACaT cells (IC50 20.53 uM) and HMEC (IC50 26.45 uM).|||According to the provided document content, the text clearly mentions hemolytic data for two peptides (B1AW and B1AW-K), as follows: 1. Test Conditions Experimental subjects: defibrinated horse erythrocytes. Control setup: PBS treatment as 0% hemolysis negative control, 1% Triton X-100 treatment as 100% hemolysis positive control. Detection method: Peptide solutions (concentrations 1~100 μM) were incubated with 4% red blood cell suspension at 37°C for 2 hours, and absorbance was measured at 570 nm. Hemolysis rate was calculated using the formula: Haemolysis (%) = \frac{A(sample) - A(negative control)}{A(positive control) - A(negative control)} × 100% 2. Hemolytic Results (1) Hemolysis rate (Haemolysis %) Low concentration (5 μM): Both B1AW and B1AW-K showed significant hemolysis, with rates exceeding 20%. Concentration dependence: As peptide concentration increased (10~100 μM), hemolysis rates of both peptides further increased, with B1AW-K consistently showing stronger hemolytic effects than B1AW (Figure 5). (2) Half-maximal hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀) B1AW: HC₅₀ was 23.96 μM (the peptide concentration causing 50% red blood cell hemolysis). B1AW-K: HC₅₀ was 10.6 μM, only about 44% of B1AW, indicating that the introduction of lysine residues significantly enhanced hemolysis (Table 6). 3. Key Conclusions Although B1AW-K enhanced antibacterial and anticancer activities through lysine modification, hemolysis was also simultaneously increased. Its HC₅₀ (10.6 μM) was much lower than that of B1AW (23.96 μM), suggesting that further optimization is required to balance activity and toxicity." Qin H, Zuo W, Ge L, Siu SWI, Wang L, Chen X, Ma C, Chen T, Zhou M, Cao Z, Kwok HF.2023 Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2023 May 6;21:2960-2972. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.006. Pub-Med.|||Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2023 May 6;21:2960-2972. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.006. Pub-Med.|||Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2023 May 6;21:2960-2972. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.006. Pub-Med.|||Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2023 May 6;21:2960-2972. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.006. Pub-Med.|||Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2023 May 6;21:2960-2973. 24 FPDB00236 AP03679|||DRAMP35968 FLPLLAGLAANFLPQIICKIARKC Anti-Gram+ S. aureus ATCC 6538 or MRSA NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-E. faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-E.coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-K.pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-C.albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-Gram+||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Antimicrobial skin secretion, the Wuyi torrent frog, Amolops wuyiensis, China, Asia|||skin secretion, the Wuyi torrent frog, Amolops wuyiensis, China, Asia|||Skin secretions of the Wuyi torrent frog, Amolops wuyiensis (A. wuyiensisi) Helix "skin secretion, the Wuyi torrent frog, Amolops wuyiensis, China, Asia|||the peptide is toxic: hemolytic HC50 23.96 uM: highly hemolytic. Also HACaT cells (IC50 44.09 uM) and HMEC (IC50 32.96 uM).|||According to the provided document content, the text clearly mentions hemolytic data for two peptides (B1AW and B1AW-K), as follows: 1. Test Conditions Experimental subjects: defibrinated horse erythrocytes. Control setup: PBS treatment as 0% hemolysis negative control, 1% Triton X-100 treatment as 100% hemolysis positive control. Detection method: Peptide solutions (concentrations 1~100 μM) were incubated with 4% red blood cell suspension at 37°C for 2 hours, and absorbance was measured at 570 nm. Hemolysis rate was calculated using the formula: Haemolysis (%) = \frac{A(sample) - A(negative control)}{A(positive control) - A(negative control)} × 100% 2. Hemolytic Results (1) Hemolysis rate (Haemolysis %) Low concentration (5 μM): Both B1AW and B1AW-K showed significant hemolysis, with rates exceeding 20%. Concentration dependence: As peptide concentration increased (10~100 μM), hemolysis rates of both peptides further increased, with B1AW-K consistently showing stronger hemolytic effects than B1AW (Figure 5). (2) Half-maximal hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀) B1AW: HC₅₀ was 23.96 μM (the peptide concentration causing 50% red blood cell hemolysis). B1AW-K: HC₅₀ was 10.6 μM, only about 44% of B1AW, indicating that the introduction of lysine residues significantly enhanced hemolysis (Table 6). 3. Key Conclusions Although B1AW-K enhanced antibacterial and anticancer activities through lysine modification, hemolysis was also simultaneously increased. Its HC₅₀ (10.6 μM) was much lower than that of B1AW (23.96 μM), suggesting that further optimization is required to balance activity and toxicity." Qin H, Zuo W, Ge L, Siu SWI, Wang L, Chen X, Ma C, Chen T, Zhou M, Cao Z, Kwok HF.2023 Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2023 May 6;21:2960-2972. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.006. Pub-Med.|||Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2023 May 6;21:2960-2972. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.006. Pub-Med.|||Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2023 May 6;21:2960-2972. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.006. Pub-Med.|||Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2023 May 6;21:2960-2972. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.006. Pub-Med.|||Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2023 May 6;21:2960-2972. 24 FPDB00238 AP03630|||AP03630|||MCRAMP GLLRKGGEKIGEKLKKIGQKIKNFFQKLVPQPEQ Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 3.12 uM||Anti-S. typhimurium, activity value is MIC = 3.12 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 3.12 uM||Anti-B. subtilis, activity value is MIC = 6.25 uM||Anti-S. pyogenes, activity value is MIC = 6.25 uM||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 3.12 uM||Anti-C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 12||Anti-A. fumigatus, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-tumor cells: A549, activity value is IC50 = 22 uM||Anti-K562, activity value is IC50 = 28 uM||Anti-Jurkat, activity value is IC50 = 16 uM||Antibacterial||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||Anticancer bone marrow, saliva, Mice, Mus musculus|||bone marrow, saliva, Mice, Mus musculus|||Mus musculus [Mouse]|||bone marrow, saliva, Mice, Mus musculus N/A bone marrow, saliva, Mice, Mus musculus|||2.2% hemolysis at 100 uM (hemo.lytic) (Data from ref for AP3628. This peptide differs from the natural form only by the last Q, which is neutral presumably with a minimal effect on activity).|||2.2% hemolysis at 100 uM (hemo.lytic) (Data from ref for AP3628. This peptide differs from the natural form only by the last Q, which is neutral presumably with a minimal effect on activity).|||2.2% hemolysis at 100 uM (hemo.lytic) (Data from ref for AP3628. This peptide differs from the natural form only by the last Q, which is neutral presumably with a minimal effect on activity). UPdated 10/2023 Pestonjamasp VK, Huttner KH, Gallo RL.2001 Peptides. 2001 Oct;22(10):1643-50. doi: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00499-5. Pub-Med.||Wang et al., 2023|||Peptides. 2001 Oct;22(10):1643-50. doi: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00499-5. Pub-Med.||Wang et al., 2023|||Peptides. 2001 Oct;22(10):1643-50. doi: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00499-5. Pub-Med.||Wang et al., 2023|||11557478|||Peptides. 2001 Oct;22(10):1643-50. doi: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00499-5. Pub-Med.|||Peptides. 2001 Oct;22(10):1643-50. doi: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00499-5. Pub-Med.||Wang et al., 2023|||Peptides. 2001 Oct;22(10):1643-50. doi: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00499-5. Pub-Med.||Wang et al., 2023 34 FPDB00244 AP03510|||DRAMP35905 LIKKLKEYLKKLI Anti-Gram- A. baumannii ATCC 003321216, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-E.coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883, activity value is MIC = 32||Anti-P.aeruginosa KPC+ 003321199, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-P. acnes ATCC 51277, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Antimicrobial derivatives of Latarcin-3a|||Synthetic N/A "derivatives of Latarcin-3a|||derivatives of Latarcin-3a||At a concentration of 128 ug/ml, the hemolysis rate is less than 20%.|||The core hemolytic data for the arachnid toxin-derived peptide LTC-3A (parent peptide) and its three analogs (Lt-MAP1, Lt-MAP2, Lt-MAP3) are as follows. The test subjects were Swiss mice musculus erythrocytes, with key indicators being hemolysis rate and half-hemolysis concentration (EC_{50}) at different concentrations: 1. Master peptide: Ltc-3a Specific concentration hemolysis rate: At the highest test concentration of 128 \, \mu g \cdot ml^{-1}, the hemolysis rate reaches 80% (strong hemolysis). Half hemolytic concentration (EC_{50}): 127 \, \mu g \cdot ml^{-1} (only the parent peptide has significant hemolytic activity, so this value can be calculated). 2. Analogs: Lt-MAP1, Lt-MAP2, Lt-MAP3 The three analogs showed significantly lower hemolytic activity than the parent peptide at concentrations of 4–128 μ g \cdot ml^{-1}, with the core data as follows: Hemolysis rate: all below 20% (no significant hemolytic activity), not meeting the calculable EC_{50} standard (requires a hemolysis rate of 50%). Key conclusion: Even at the highest test concentration of 128 \, \mu g \cdot ml^{-1}, the three analogs maintained low hemolytic levels, with cytotoxicity far lower than that of the parent peptide Ltc-3a. Additional notes Control settings: The hemolysis rate of the negative control (50,000 uM PBS, pH 7.4) was 0%, and the hemolysis rate of the positive control (1% Triton X-100) was 100%. All data were calibrated based on this. Hemolysis and structural association: Analogs reduce hydrophobicity or optimize charge distribution by adjusting amino acid composition (such as replacing methionine with leucine, glutamate with lysine), thereby significantly lowering hemolytic activity while retaining or enhancing antibacterial/antitumor activity (e.g., Lt-MAP2 has both antibacterial and leukemia activity, with Lt-MAP3 optimal).|||At a concentration of 128 ug/ml, the hemolysis rate is less than 20%." "de Moraes LFRN, Silva PS, Pereira TCPL, Almeida Rodrigues TA, Farias Frihling BE, da Costa RA, Torquato HFV, Lima CS, Paredes-Gamero EJ and Migliolo L 2022 Front. Microbiol. 13:965621. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.965621. Frontiers Microbiol|||Front. Microbiol. 13:965621. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.965621. Frontiers Microbiol|||Front. Microbiol. 13:965621. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.965621. Frontiers Microbiol|||Front. Microbiol. 13:965621. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.965621. Frontiers Microbiol|||Front Microbiol. 2022 Sep 21;13:965622." 13 FPDB00246 AP03425|||DRAMP35857 GLLGKILGAGKKVLCGVSGLC Anti-788, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-923, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-MRSA B042 V2E1A, activity value is MIC = 16||Anti-697, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-S. constellatus B003 VISIT, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-418, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-816, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9097, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa B004 V2S2B, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-and fungus C. albicans NYCY 1467, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Antimicrobial Pelophylax nigromaculatus, Asia|||Animalia Helix Pelophylax nigromaculatus, Asia Chengyu Lu, Lingling Liu, Chengbang Ma, Liuqing Di, Tianbao Chen 2022 Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 2022; 20:76. Publisher Web|||Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 2022; 20:76. Publisher Web|||J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2022 May 23;20(1):76.|||Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 2022; 20:76. Publisher Web 21 FPDB00248 AP03307|||AP03307|||T-DPH1|||T-DPH1|||AP03307|||DRAMP35817 GLWSKIKNVAAAAGKAALGAL Anti-S. aureus ATCC 6538 or MRSA NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 8||Anti-E.faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-C. albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-H157 and U251MG, activity value is IC50 = 10.2||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 6538, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Antimicrobial skin secretion, the northern orange-legged leaf frog, tiger-legged monkey frog, Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis, South America|||Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis [orange-legged leaf frog]|||Animalia|||skin secretion, the northern orange-legged leaf frog, tiger-legged monkey frog, Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis, South America Helix "skin secretion, the northern orange-legged leaf frog, tiger-legged monkey frog, Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis, South America|||Horse RBC [HC50= 106.4 uM]|||The key value related to hemolysis in this study is the half-maximal hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀), with horse red blood cells as the test subject. The specific data are as follows: The parent peptide t-DPH1 has an HC₅₀ of 106.4 μM, and its hemolysis rate exceeds 50% at a high concentration (100 μM); Analogue t-DPH1-K4 has an HC₅₀ of 444.8 μM, which is 4 times that of the parent peptide; Analogue t-DPH1-5K has an HC₅₀ of 19.39 μM, and is the only analogue with increased hemolytic activity, approximately 5 times that of the parent peptide, with a hemolysis rate approaching 40% at 10 μM concentration; Analogue t-DPH1-6K has an HC₅₀ of 834.6 μM, 8 times that of the parent peptide; Analogue t-DPH1-6KW has an HC₅₀ of 2094 μM, showing the lowest hemolytic activity, with almost no hemolysis observed at the tested concentrations. Except for t-DPH1-5K, all other designed analogues have lower hemolytic activity than the parent peptide at the tested concentrations.|||Horse RBC [HC50= 106.4 uM]" "Qin H, Fang H, Chen X, Wang L, Ma C, Xi X, Chen T, Shaw C, Zhou M. 2021 Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Dec 14;10(12):1529. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10121529. PubMed|||Microb Genom . 2017 Sep 25;3(10):e000134. doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.000134. eCollection 2017 Oct.|||Microb Genom . 2017 Sep 25;3(10):e000134. doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.000134. eCollection 2017 Oct.|||34943741|||Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Dec 14;10(12):1529. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10121529. PubMed|||34943741|||Microb Genom . 2017 Sep 25;3(10):e000134. doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.000134. eCollection 2017 Oct.|||Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Dec 14;10(12):1529.|||Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Dec 14;10(12):1529. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10121529. PubMed" 21 FPDB00255 AP03239|||AP03239|||Phylloseptin-PTa|||Phylloseptin-PTa|||AP03239|||DRAMP32064 FLSLIPKIAGGIAALAKHL Anti-S. aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MIC = 4.14 uM||Anti-E. faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 16.56 uM||Anti-E. coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MIC = 16.56 uM||Anti-C. albicans NCYC 1467, activity value is MIC = 2.07 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Anti-S. aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-MRSA NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-E. faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 512 ug/ml||Anti-C. albicans NCYC 1, activity value is MIC = 256 ug/ml||Antimicrobial skin secretions, the Brown-bellied Leaf Frog, Phyllomedusa tarsius, South America|||Phyllomedusa tarsius [Brownbelly leaf frog]|||Phyllomedusa baltea|||skin secretions, the Brown-bellied Leaf Frog, Phyllomedusa tarsius, South America Helix "skin secretions, the Brown-bellied Leaf Frog, Phyllomedusa tarsius, South America|||Horse erythrocytes (HC50= 22.8 uM)|||The document clearly provides detailed hemolytic data for two types of antimicrobial peptides in leaf frogs (phylloseptin-PTa and phylloseptin-PHa), with the core information as follows: 1. Key hemolytic markers (Tsushima erythrocytes) The hemolytic properties of the two peptides were measured by hemolysis rates at half the hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀), 10% hemolytic concentration (HC₁₀), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Specific data are shown in Table 2: Peptide Name Hemolytic Rate at S. aureus MIC HC₁₀(uM) HC₅₀(uM) phylloseptin-PTa 4.42% 7.79 22.8 phylloseptin-PHa 2.52% 76.5 109.5 - HC₁₀: The concentration of peptides inducing 10% red blood cell hemolysis; the higher the value, the lower the hemolytic activity at lower concentrations; - HC₅₀: The concentration of peptides inducing 50% hemolysis of red blood cells; the higher the value, the lower the overall hemolysis; - Both have hemolytic rates below 5% at MIC concentrations targeting Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with phylloseptin-PHa being only 2.52%, indicating lower hemolytic toxicity. 2. Experimental Background and Safety Verification - Experimental method: 4% red blood cell suspension was prepared from defibrotic horse blood and incubated with peptides of different concentrations (1~512 uM) at 37°C for 2 hours. The absorbance of the supernatant at 550 nm (reflecting hemoglobin release) was measured. The 2% Triton X-100 treatment group was used as the 100% hemolytic positive control and 1% DMSO/PBS as the solvent control. The hemolysis rate was calculated using formulas. - Security Comparison: 1. The hemolytic properties of both peptides are significantly lower than those of most highly toxic antimicrobial peptides (for example, some frog-derived peptides have hemolytic rates exceeding 10% under MIC); 2. Combined with treatment index (TI) analysis (Table 3), the ratio of HC₁₀ to MIC/MBEC (minimum biofilm clearance concentration) for inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria and clearing Staphylococcus aureus biofilms was greater than 1, indicating a low risk of hemolysis at effective antibacterial concentrations; 3. Cytotoxicity tests on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) showed that phylloseptin-PHa showed mild toxicity at test concentrations, while phylloseptin-PTa showed significant toxicity only at 100 uM, further confirming their safety against normal mammalian cells. In summary, both types of antimicrobial peptides in leaf frogs exhibit low hemolytic characteristics, with phylloseptin-PHa having lower hemolytic activity, providing important safety evidence for its use as an anti-infective drug candidate.|||Horse erythrocytes (HC50= 22.8 uM)|||Horse erythrocytes: 10% Hemolysis=7.79 uM; 50% Hemolysis=22.8 uM" "Liu J, Wu Q, Li L, Xi X, Wu D, Zhou M, Chen T, Shaw C, Wang L.2017 Molecules. 2017 Aug 29;22(9):1428. doi: 10.3390/molecules22091428. PubMed|||Molecules . 2017 Aug 29;22(9):1428. doi: 10.3390/molecules22091428.|||Molecules . 2017 Aug 29;22(9):1428. doi: 10.3390/molecules22091428.|||28850103|||Molecules. 2017 Aug 29;22(9):1428. doi: 10.3390/molecules22091428. PubMed|||28850103|||Molecules . 2017 Aug 29;22(9):1428. doi: 10.3390/molecules22091428.|||Molecules. 2017 Aug 29;22(9):1428.|||Molecules. 2017 Aug 29;22(9):1428. doi: 10.3390/molecules22091428. PubMed" 19 FPDB00259 AP03219|||AP03219|||Kassiniatuerin-3|||Kassiniatuerin-3|||AP03219|||DRAMP32285 FIQHLIPLIPHAIQGIKDIF Anti-moderately to weakly active against S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 16||Anti-MRSA, activity value is MIC = 32||Anti-E.faecalis, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Anti-E.coli, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-and C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 64||Anti-Gram+||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MIC = 16||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MBC = 32||Anti-Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MBC > 512 uM||Anti-Candida albicans NCYC 1467, activity value is MIC = 64||Anti-Candida albicans NCYC 1467, activity value is MFC = 128 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 32||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493, activity value is MBC = 64||Anti-Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Anti-Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MBC = 128 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MBC > 512 uM||Anti-Human glioblastoma U251-MG, activity value is IC50 = 13.2 uM||Anti-Human prostate adenocarcinoma LNCaP, activity value is IC50 = 3.79 uM||Anti-Human lung adenocarcinoma NCI-H838, activity value is IC50 = 10.03 uM||Anti-Human lung carcinoma NCI-H460, activity value is IC50 = 1.67 uM||Anti-Human squamous lung carcinoma NCI-H157, activity value is IC50 = 21.54 uM||Anti-Human lung adenocarcinoma NCI-H23, activity value is IC50 = 4.52 uM||Antimicrobial Kassina senegalensis, Africa|||Kassina senegalensis|||Skin Secretion of the African Frog, Kassina senegalensis|||Skin Secretion of the African Frog, Kassina senegalensis Helix "50% hemolysis at a concentration of 65000000 uM|||In this document, the key information related to the hemolytic activity of a novel antimicrobial peptide Kassinatuerin-3, derived from the skin of the African frog (Kassina senegalensis), is as follows, as determined by the horse red blood cell hemolysis assay (0.1% Triton X-100 as 100% hemolytic positive control, PBS as 0% hemolytic negative control): Core Hemolytic Activity Results - Tested concentration range: 5–160 μM (covering its effective antimicrobial concentrations, such as MIC against Staphylococcus aureus = 16–32 μM, MIC against MRSA = 32–64 μM) - Kassinatuerin-3 hemolysis values: - No hemolysis at low concentrations: No significant hemolytic activity was detected at concentrations of 160 μM and below (hemolysis rate <1%). This concentration is far higher than the effective antimicrobial concentration against Gram-positive bacteria (16–64 μM), indicating almost no hemolytic toxicity during antimicrobial activity. - Slight hemolysis at high concentrations: Slight hemolysis only occurred when concentrations exceeded 160 μM; however, the document did not mention the exact hemolysis rates at specific higher concentrations (e.g., 256 μM, 512 μM). - Comparison with homologous peptides and positive control: - The homologous peptide Kassinatuerin-2Ma (from Kassina maculata) showed a hemolysis rate of 40%–50% at 120 μM, whereas Kassinatuerin-3 showed no hemolysis at 160 μM, indicating significantly lower hemolytic toxicity; - The positive control melittin, although exhibiting strong antimicrobial activity (MIC against Staphylococcus aureus = 1–2 μM), has extremely high hemolytic toxicity and lacks clinical safety, whereas Kassinatuerin-3 demonstrates a higher therapeutic index (ratio of antimicrobial activity to hemolytic toxicity).|||Kassina senegalensis, Africa||At a concentration of up to 160 μM, Kassinatuerin-3 did not show detectable hemolytic activity, with slight activity observed above this concentration. Kassinatuerin-1, which has a net charge of +2, has a MIC of 6.25 μM against Staphylococcus aureus, but induces 50% hemolysis at a concentration of 65 μM.|||Horse erythrocytes (2.5% Hemolysis at 160 uM|||The document clearly provides the hemolytic data of the novel antimicrobial peptide Kassinatuerin-3 on equine red blood cells. The core information is as follows: 1. Critical hemolytic value (for equine red blood cells) Core characteristics: Kassinatuerin-3 hemolysis is very weak, no obvious hemolytic activity at most concentrations tested in the experiment. At concentrations ≤ 160 uM: no detectable hemolytic activity (hemolysis ratio ≈ 0%). At concentrations> 160 uM: showed only slight hemolytic activity (specific values not explicitly quantified but significantly lower than the positive control). 2. Experimental Controls and Supplementary Notes Comparison settings: Negative control (PBS treatment): No hemolysis (hemolysis rate = 0%). Positive control (0.1% Triton X-100 treatment): complete hemolysis (hemolysis rate = 100%), used to calibrate the detection system. The correlation between hemolytic activity and antibacterial activity: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Kassinatuerin-3 against gram-positive bacteria (such as S. aureus and MRSA) is 16-64 uM, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is 32-128 uM, which are far lower than the concentration (>160 uM) that produces slight hemolysis, reflecting a high therapeutic index (high ratio of antibacterial activity to hemolytic toxicity). Comparison with similar peptides: The Kassinatuerin-2Ma of the same genus (net charge is the same as that of the Kassinatuerin-3, both are +1) has a hemolysis rate of 40% ~ 50% at 120 uM concentration, while the Kassinatuerin-3 still has no hemolysis at 160 uM, indicating that it has higher selectivity and lower toxicity to mammalian red blood cells.|||Horse erythrocytes (2.5% Hemolysis at 160 uM|||At a concentration of up to 160 μM, Kassinatuerin-3 did not show detectable hemolytic activity, with slight activity observed above this concentration. Kassinatuerin-1, which has a net charge of +2, has a MIC of 6.25 μM against Staphylococcus aureus, but induces 50% hemolysis at a concentration of 65 μM.|||Human RBCs: Kassinatuerin-3 produced no detectable hemolysis activity up to a concentration of 160 uM|||Kassinatuerin-3 produced no detectable hemolysis activity up to a concentration of 160 uM, above which there was slight activity (Figure5a)." "Wang H, He H, Chen X, Zhou M, Wei M, Xi X, Ma C, Du Q, Che T, Shaw C, Wang L. 2020 Biology (Basel) . 2020 Jul 2;9(7):E148. doi: 10.3390/biology9070148. PubMed|||Biology (Basel) . 2020 Jul 2;9(7):148. doi: 10.3390/biology9070148.|||Biology (Basel) . 2020 Jul 2;9(7):148. doi: 10.3390/biology9070148.|||32630734|||Biology (Basel) . 2020 Jul 2;9(7):E148. doi: 10.3390/biology9070148. PubMed|||32630734|||Biology (Basel) . 2020 Jul 2;9(7):148. doi: 10.3390/biology9070148.|||Biology (Basel). 2020 Jul 2;9(7):148.|||Biology (Basel) . 2020 Jul 2;9(7):E148. doi: 10.3390/biology9070148. PubMed" 20 FPDB00265 AP03133|||AP03133|||Dermaseptin-PT9|||Dermaseptin-PT9|||AP03133 GLWSKIKDAAKTAGKAALGFVNEMV Anti-S. aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-MRSA NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-E. faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-E. coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-and C. albicans NCYC 1467, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Anti-C. albicans NCYC 1467, activity value is MIC = 64 uM skin secretion, Phyllomedusa tarsius, Purchased in Peru, South America|||Phyllomedusa tarsius|||Phyllomedusa tarsius|||skin secretion, Phyllomedusa tarsius, Purchased in Peru, South America|||skin secretion, Phyllomedusa tarsius, Purchased in Peru, South America Helix skin secretion, Phyllomedusa tarsius, Purchased in Peru, South America|||Horse erythrocytes [HC50 = 210 uM]|||Horse erythrocytes [HC50 = 210 uM] "Li M, Xi X, Ma C, Chen X, Zhou M, Burrows JF, Chen T, Wang L.2019 Biomolecules. 2019 Oct 18;9(10). pii: E628. doi: 10.3390/biom9100628. PubMed|||Biomolecules . 2019 Oct 18;9(10):628. doi: 10.3390/biom9100628.|||Biomolecules . 2019 Oct 18;9(10):628. doi: 10.3390/biom9100628.|||31635388|||Biomolecules. 2019 Oct 18;9(10). pii: E628. doi: 10.3390/biom9100628. PubMed|||31635388|||Biomolecules . 2019 Oct 18;9(10):628. doi: 10.3390/biom9100628.|||Biomolecules. 2019 Oct 18;9(10). pii: E628. doi: 10.3390/biom9100628. PubMed" 25 FPDB00268 AP03057|||AP03057|||PSPHa|||Phylloseptin-PHa|||PSPHa|||Phylloseptin-PHa|||DRAMP32063 FLSLIPAAISAVSALANHF Anti-S. aureus or MRSA NCTC 12497, activity value is MIC = 32.97 uM||Anti-E.faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 263.78 uM||Anti-E.coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MIC > 263.78 uM||Anti-and C.albicans NCYC 1467, activity value is MIC = 131.89 uM||Anti-Gram+||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||activity value is MBC = 16 uM||Anti-Candida albicans, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||activity value is MBC = 32 uM||Anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||activity value is MBC = 128 uM||Anti-S. aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-MRSA NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-E. faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-C. albicans NCYC 1, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Antimicrobial skin secretions, Orange-legged Leaf Frog, Pithecopus hypochondrialis, South America|||Pithecopus hypochondrialis [orange-legged leaf frog]|||Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis [orange-legged leaf frog]|||Pithecopus hypochondrialis Helix "In this document, the key values related to the hemolytic activity of two novel antimicrobial peptides derived from the skin of two leaf frogs (Phyllomedusa tarsius and Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis), phylloseptin-PTa and phylloseptin-PHa, are presented. These were determined by horse red blood cell hemolysis assay (using 2% Triton X-100 as the 100% hemolysis positive control and PBS as the 0% hemolysis negative control): Core Hemolytic Activity Results - Test indicators: The hemolytic toxicity of the two peptides was evaluated based on the half-hemolysis concentration (HC_{50}, peptide concentration inducing 50% hemolysis of horse red blood cells) and the 10% hemolysis concentration (HC_{10}, peptide concentration inducing 10% hemolysis of horse red blood cells). - Hemolytic values of each peptide: - phylloseptin-PTa: - HC_{10} = 7.79 μM, HC_{50} = 22.8 μM; - At its antibacterial effective concentration (MIC against S. aureus = 4.14 μM), the hemolysis rate was only 4.42%, indicating low hemolytic toxicity. - phylloseptin-PHa: - HC_{10} = 76.5 μM, HC_{50} = 109.5 μM; - At its antibacterial effective concentration (MIC against S. aureus = 32.97 μM), the hemolysis rate was only 2.52%, with hemolytic toxicity much lower than that of phylloseptin-PTa.|||skin secretions, Orange-legged Leaf Frog, Pithecopus hypochondrialis, South America|||horse erythrocytes (HC50 = 52.17 uM)|||Horse erythrocytes (HC50= 109.5 uM)|||The document clearly provides detailed hemolytic data for two types of antimicrobial peptides in leaf frogs (phylloseptin-PTa and phylloseptin-PHa), with the core information as follows: 1. Key hemolytic markers (Tsushima erythrocytes) The hemolytic properties of the two peptides were measured by hemolysis rates at half the hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀), 10% hemolytic concentration (HC₁₀), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Specific data are shown in Table 2: Peptide Name Hemolytic Rate at S. aureus MIC HC₁₀(uM) HC₅₀(uM) phylloseptin-PTa 4.42% 7.79 22.8 phylloseptin-PHa 2.52% 76.5 109.5 - HC₁₀: The concentration of peptides inducing 10% red blood cell hemolysis; the higher the value, the lower the hemolytic activity at lower concentrations; - HC₅₀: The concentration of peptides inducing 50% hemolysis of red blood cells; the higher the value, the lower the overall hemolysis; - Both have hemolytic rates below 5% at MIC concentrations targeting Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with phylloseptin-PHa being only 2.52%, indicating lower hemolytic toxicity. 2. Experimental Background and Safety Verification - Experimental method: 4% red blood cell suspension was prepared from defibrotic horse blood and incubated with peptides of different concentrations (1~512 uM) at 37°C for 2 hours. The absorbance of the supernatant at 550 nm (reflecting hemoglobin release) was measured. The 2% Triton X-100 treatment group was used as the 100% hemolytic positive control and 1% DMSO/PBS as the solvent control. The hemolysis rate was calculated using formulas. - Security Comparison: 1. The hemolytic properties of both peptides are significantly lower than those of most highly toxic antimicrobial peptides (for example, some frog-derived peptides have hemolytic rates exceeding 10% under MIC); 2. Combined with treatment index (TI) analysis (Table 3), the ratio of HC₁₀ to MIC/MBEC (minimum biofilm clearance concentration) for inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria and clearing Staphylococcus aureus biofilms was greater than 1, indicating a low risk of hemolysis at effective antibacterial concentrations; 3. Cytotoxicity tests on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) showed that phylloseptin-PHa showed mild toxicity at test concentrations, while phylloseptin-PTa showed significant toxicity only at 100 uM, further confirming their safety against normal mammalian cells. In summary, both types of antimicrobial peptides in leaf frogs exhibit low hemolytic characteristics, with phylloseptin-PHa having lower hemolytic activity, providing important safety evidence for its use as an anti-infective drug candidate.|||horse erythrocytes (HC50 = 52.17 uM)|||Horse erythrocytes (HC50= 109.5 uM)|||Horse erythrocytes: 10% Hemolysis=76.5 uM; 50% Hemolysis=109.5 uM; 50% Hemolysis=52.17 uM" "Liu J, Wu Q, Li L, Xi X, Wu D, Zhou M, Chen T, Shaw C, Wang L.2017 Molecules. 2017 Aug 29;22(9). pii: E1428. doi: 10.3390/molecules22091428. PubMed|||Molecules . 2017 Aug 29;22(9):1428. doi: 10.3390/molecules22091428.|||Molecules . 2017 Aug 29;22(9):1428. doi: 10.3390/molecules22091428.|||30774309|||28850103|||Molecules. 2017 Aug 29;22(9). pii: E1428. doi: 10.3390/molecules22091428. PubMed|||30774309|||28850103|||Molecules. 2017 Aug 29;22(9):1428." 19 FPDB00269 AP03049|||VLL28|||AP03049 VLLVTLTRLHQRGVIYRKWRHFSGRKYR activity value is MIC = 90||Anti-B. subtilis AZ54, activity value is MIC = 3 uM||Anti-E. coli DH5alpha, activity value is MIC = 1.5 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa PAOI or PA14 or RP73, activity value is MIC = 3||Anti-C. parapsilosis 3 or 10, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-C. tropicalis 54 or 2, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-C. glabrata 28 or 34, activity value is MIC = 50 uM||Anti-and C. krusei, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Anti-Candida albicans ATCC10231, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-Candida albicans 80, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-Candida albicans 81, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-C. parapsilosis 3, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-C. parapsilosis 10, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-C. tropicalis 54, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-C. tropicalis 2, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-C. glabrata 28, activity value is MIC = 50 uM||Anti-C. glabrata 34, activity value is MIC = 50 uM||Anti-C. krusei 1, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-C. krusei 14, activity value is MIC = 25 uM Sulfolobus islandicus Helix Sulfolobus islandicus "Notomista E, Falanga A, Fusco S, Pirone L, Zanfardino A, Galdiero S, Varcamonti M, Pedone E, Contursi P.2015 Microb Cell Fact. 2015 Sep 4;14:126. doi: 10.1186/s12934-015-0302-9. PubMed||this ref||Roscetto E et al. 2018|||Microb Cell Fact . 2015 Sep 4:14:126. doi: 10.1186/s12934-015-0302-9.||this ref||Roscetto E et al. 2018|||Microb Cell Fact. 2015 Sep 4;14:126. doi: 10.1186/s12934-015-0302-9. PubMed|||30514888|||Microb Cell Fact . 2015 Sep 4:14:126. doi: 10.1186/s12934-015-0302-9.||this ref||Roscetto E et al. 2018|||Microb Cell Fact. 2015 Sep 4;14:126. doi: 10.1186/s12934-015-0302-9. PubMed" 28 FPDB00270 AP03041|||AP03041|||CAMPSQ12278|||DRAMP29104|||AP03041|||DRAMP29104 LNLKALLAVAKKIL Anti-E. faecalis, activity value is MIC = 4||Anti-S. aureus or MRSA, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 4||Anti-P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 8||Anti-and C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 4||Anti-Gram+ B. cereus ATCC 11778, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-L. monocytogenes ATCC 15313, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-S. enterica ATCC 13076, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Anti-S.aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-E.coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-C.albicans NCTC 1467, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-S.aureus MRSA ATCC 12493, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-E.faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||activity value is MIC = 4||Anti-Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Candida albicans NCTC 1467, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Bacillus subtilis ATCC 23857, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||activity value is MIC = 4 uM||activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MBC = 2 uM||activity value is MBC = 4 uM||Anti-Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MBC = 8 uM||Anti-##Gram-negative bacteria:Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MBC = 8 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MBC = 16 uM||Anti-Candida albicans NCTC 1467, activity value is MBC = 4 uM||Anti-##Cancer:Human squamous lung carcinoma NCI-H157, activity value is IC50 = 13.57 uM||Anti-Human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-435S, activity value is IC50 = 27.7 uM||Anti-Human prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3, activity value is IC50 = 6.29 uM||Anti-Human glioblastoma U251-MG, activity value is IC50 = 36.65 uM||Anti-Human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7, activity value is IC50 = 25.27 uM venom, the European Hornet, Vespa crabro|||venom, the European Hornet, Vespa crabro, Europe (introuced to US)|||Vespa crabro [European hornet]|||Vespa crabro|||venom, the European Hornet, Vespa crabro, Europe (introuced to US)|||Vespa crabro|||venom, the European Hornet, Vespa crabro, Europe (introuced to US) Helix||Alpha helix,random coil "causing no hemolysis to human erythrocytes within 200 uM|||In this document, the key values related to hemolysis for mastoparan-C (MP-C) derived from European hornet (Vespa crabro) venom and its two modified analogs (cyclic cMP-C and TAT-conjugated tMP-C) are as follows, measured using a horse red blood cell hemolysis assay (with 1% Triton X-100 as the 100% hemolysis positive control and PBS as the 0% hemolysis negative control): Core Hemolytic Activity Results - Test Indicator: Hemolytic toxicity of the three peptides was evaluated using the half hemolysis concentration (HC_{50}, i.e., the peptide concentration inducing 50% hemolysis of horse red blood cells) as the core indicator. - HC_{50} values of each peptide: - MP-C (natural peptide): HC_{50}=40.11 μM, moderate hemolytic activity; its effective antibacterial concentration (MIC against sensitive bacteria = 2–8 μM) is much lower than HC_{50}, and its toxicity to normal cells (human microvascular endothelial cells HMEC-1) is relatively low (IC₅₀=57.15 μM), resulting in a high therapeutic index. - cMP-C (cyclic modified peptide): HC_{50}=9.19 μM, hemolytic activity significantly increased (4.4 times that of the natural peptide), and its hemolytic concentration is lower than the antibacterial concentration for most cancer cells...|||venom, the European Hornet, Vespa crabro|||Horse RBCs (HC50 = 40.11 uM)|||[Ref.29904274]50% hemolysis against horse erythrocytes at 40.11 uM.##[Ref.33285267]10% hemolysis against mouse erythrocytes at 64 uM; 60% hemolysis against mouse erythrocytes at 256 uM.|||Similar results were obtained by Yoon et al. (antimicrobial activity against E.coli ATCC 11775 (MIC>1000 uM), S.aureus ATCC 12600 (MIC=500 uM), C.albicans ATCC 10231 (MIC=100 uM) and causing no hemolysis to human erythrocytes within 200 uM 25), although effective concentrations were up to two orders of magnitude higher than what we observed." "Chen X, Zhang L, Wu Y, Wang L, Ma C, Xi X, Bininda-Emonds ORP, Shaw C, Chen T, Zhou M.2018 Int J Biol Sci. 2018 Apr 25;14(6):599-607. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.23419. PubMed||combined with new data from ref for AP4034|||Int J Biol Sci . 2018 Apr 25;14(6):599-607. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.23419. eCollection 2018.|||Int J Biol Sci . 2018 Apr 25;14(6):599-607. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.23419. eCollection 2018.||combined with new data from ref for AP4034|||29904274|||Int J Biol Sci. 2018 Apr 25;14(6):599-607. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.23419. PubMed|||Int J Biol Sci. 2018 Apr 25;14(6):599-607.||Ref.29904274||Ref.33285267|||Int J Biol Sci . 2018 Apr 25;14(6):599-607. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.23419. eCollection 2018.||combined with new data from ref for AP4034|||Eur J Pharm Sci. 2021 Mar 1;158:105665.##Int J Biol Sci. 2018 Apr 25;14(6):599-607.||Ref.29904274||Ref.33285267|||Int J Biol Sci. 2018 Apr 25;14(6):599-607. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.23419. PubMed" 14 FPDB00275 AP02980|||AP02980|||TAT-RasGAP317-326|||DRAMP35617 RRRQRRKKRGGGDTRLNTVWMW Anti-This designed anticancer peptide also shows antimicorbial activity against E. coli, activity value is MIC = 11||Anti-A. baumannii, activity value is MIC = 2.9 uM||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 46 uM||Anti-E. faecium, activity value is MIC = 23 uM||Anti-L. monocytogenes, activity value is MIC = 46 uM||Anti-S. maltophilia, activity value is MIC = 6 uM||Anti-S. pyogenes, activity value is MIC = 2.9 uM||Anti-S. typhimurium, activity value is MIC = 23 uM||Anti-and P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 23||Antibacterial||Antibiofilm||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anticancer||Antimicrobial hybrid peptide, designed, man-made sequences|||Synthetic construct N/A "Maximum hemolysis (set at 100%) was triggered with 0.5% triton-X treatment of erythrocytes|||hybrid peptide, designed, man-made sequences||Hemolytic activity was measured as described in Ando et al. (2010). Briefly, blood (2 ml), derived from anonymous healthy human blood donors obtained through the Vaud blood transfusion service, were mixed with 2 ml PBS and centrifuged at 800000000 ug for 0.083333 h at 4◦C. Samples were washed three times with PBS and resuspended in 2 ml PBS and further diluted with 18 ml PBS. This erythrocyte solution was diluted 10 times with PBS before treatment with various amounts of TAT-RasGAP317−326 peptide. After 0.5 h incubation at 37◦C, samples were centrifuged at 800000000 ug for 0.083333 h at 4◦C and the absorbance at 540 nm of the supernatant was measured. As a positive control (100% lysis), erythrocytes (0.2 ml of the final dilution preparation) were treated with 0.5% Triton X-100.|||Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606 (MIC=8 ug/ml), Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 (MIC=32 ug/ml), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC=128 ug/ml)|||The document explicitly provides specific hemolytic data for TAT-RasGAP₃₁₇₋₃₂₆, with the core information as follows: Hemolytic values of TAT-RasGAP₃₁₇₋₃₂₆ In the section ""TAT-RasGAP₃₁₇₋₃₂₆ Neither Alters Mouse Health Nor Triggers Hemolysis"" and Figure 5C, it is clearly stated that: TAT-RasGAP₃₁₇₋₃₂₆, even at the highest tested concentration (256 µg/ml, approximately 90 µM), still showed no hemolytic activity. Key experimental background and rationale Experimental method: Human red blood cells (from healthy anonymous donors) were co-incubated with varying concentrations of TAT-RasGAP₃₁₇₋₃₂₆ for 30 minutes (37°C). After centrifugation, the absorbance of the supernatant at 540 nm (reflecting hemoglobin release) was measured, with the 0.5% Triton X-100 treated group used as the 100% hemolysis positive control. Result determination: Across the entire tested concentration range (including 256 µg/ml, which far exceeds the in vitro antibacterial effective concentration), the hemolysis rate induced by the peptide showed no difference from the negative control (untreated group), indicating a 0% hemolysis rate and proving that it has no cytotoxicity on human red blood cells. In summary, TAT-RasGAP₃₁₇₋₃₂₆ maintains extremely low hemolytic activity even at high concentrations, which is an important safety feature as a potential antimicrobial agent, providing key safety evidence for subsequent clinical applications." "Heulot M, Jacquier N, Aeby S, Le Roy D, Roger T, Trofimenko E, Barras D, Greub G, Widmann C. Front Microbiol. 2017 Jun 7;8:994. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00994. PubMed|||Front Microbiol . 2017 Jun 7:8:994. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00994. eCollection 2017.|||33852935|||Front Microbiol. 2017 Jun 7;8:994. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00994. PubMed|||Front Microbiol. 2017 Jun 7;8:994." 22 FPDB00279 AP02924 ALWKEVLKNAGKAALNEINNLV Anti-and C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 16||Anti-more effective against E. coli and C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||Anticancer orange-legged leaf frog, Pithecopus (Phyllomedusa) hypochondrialis, South America|||orange-legged leaf frog, Pithecopus (Phyllomedusa) hypochondrialis, South America Helix "orange-legged leaf frog, Pithecopus (Phyllomedusa) hypochondrialis, South America|||The document explicitly mentions hemolytic information related to Dermaseptin-PH. The core conclusion is that it exhibits low cytotoxicity (low hemolysis) to mammalian red blood cells (horse red blood cells) within the effective antibacterial concentration range (16-64 µM), but does not provide specific hemolysis rate values. Key experimental background and details: 1. Experimental subjects: A 4% (v/v) red blood cell suspension prepared from defibrinated horse blood. 2. Experimental method: Red blood cells were incubated with different concentrations (1-512 µM) of Dermaseptin-PH at 37 °C for 2 hours. Hemolysis was assessed by measuring absorbance at 570 nm; the 1% (v/v) Triton X-100 treatment group served as the positive control (complete hemolysis), while the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) treatment group served as the negative control (no hemolysis). 3. Core results: Within the key concentration range where Dermaseptin-PH exhibits antibacterial activity (16-64 µM, corresponding to the minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, etc.), no significant hemolysis was observed, confirming its low toxicity to red blood cells and good safety profile. The document does not provide specific hemolysis percentage data at different concentrations, only qualitatively describing 'low cytotoxicity' and 'no obvious hemolysis,' and indicating its hemolytic characteristics through experimental observations (absorbance close to that of the negative control)." "Huang L, Chen D, Wang L, Lin C, Ma C, Xi X, Chen T, Shaw C, Zhou M.2017 Molecules. 2017 Oct 24;22(10). pii: E1805. doi: 10.3390/molecules22101805. PubMed|||Molecules . 2017 Oct 24;22(10):1805.doi: 10.3390/molecules22101805.|||Molecules. 2017 Oct 24;22(10). pii: E1805. doi: 10.3390/molecules22101805. PubMed|||Molecules . 2017 Oct 24;22(10):1805. doi: 10.3390/molecules22101805.|||Molecules. 2017 Oct 24;22(10). pii: E1805. doi: 10.3390/molecules22101805. PubMed" 22 FPDB00321 AP00605|||AP00605|||AP00606|||CAMPSQ2810|||DRAMP01754 ILPILSLIGGLLGK Anti-Gram+||anti-sepsis||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Anti-S. lactis, activity value is MIC = 41 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 41 uM||Anti-Bacillus cereus, activity value is MIC = 41 uM||Anti-Streptococcus lactis, activity value is MIC = 41 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC > 100 uM Rana chensinensis, China, Asia|||Rana chensinensis, China, Asia (also: peptide conjugates)|||Rana chensinensis, China, Asia|||Rana chensinensis [Chinese brown frog]|||Rana chensinensis (Chinese brown frog) Helix "The 50% hemolytic concentration (LD_{50}) of brevinin-1CEa on human red blood cells is 48 μM. The 50% hemolytic concentration (LD_{50}) of temporin-1CEa on human red blood cells is 230 μM. The 50% hemolytic concentration (LD_{50}) of temporin-1CEb on human red blood cells is 112 μM. The 50% hemolytic concentration (LD_{50}) of chensinin-1 on human red blood cells is >500 μM.|||The document mentioned hemolysis-related content. The specific hemolysis values are as follows: - Brevinin-1CEa: The concentration causing 50% hemolysis of human red blood cells (LD₅₀) is 48 uM. - Temporin-1CEa: LD₅₀ is 230 uM. - Temporin-1CEb: LD₅₀ is 112 uM. - Chensinin-1: No hemolytic activity at a concentration of 500 uM (LD₅₀ > 500 uM).|||The hemolytic values of antimicrobial peptides synthesized in the skin of Chinese brown frogs (Rana chensinensis), as explicitly mentioned in the document, measured against human red blood cells (expressed as half-maximal hemolytic concentration LD_{50}), are as follows: - The hemolytic value LD_{50} of Brevinin-1CEa is 48 μM; - The hemolytic value LD_{50} of Temporin-1CEa is 230 μM; - The hemolytic value LD_{50} of Temporin-1CEb is 112 μM; - The hemolytic value LD_{50} of the novel peptide Chensinin-1 is greater than 500 μM (i.e., no obvious hemolytic activity is observed even at 500 μM). Note: LD_{50} refers to the peptide concentration that causes 50% hemolysis of red blood cells; lower values indicate stronger hemolytic activity. Among them, Brevinin-1CEa has the strongest hemolytic activity (LD_{50} = 48 μM), and Chensinin-1 has the weakest." "Zoolog Sci. 2009 Mar;26(3):220-6. PubMed|||2009 Mar;26(3):220-6. doi: 10.2108/zsj.26.220.|||Zoolog Sci . 2009 Mar;26(3):220-6. doi: 10.2108/zsj.26.220.||Shang D et al., 2014|||19341344|||Zoolog Sci. 2009 Mar;26(3):220-6. PubMed." 14 FPDB00335 AP00871|||DRAMP01793 " FLPFLKSILGKIL" Anti-Gram+||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Anti-Antibacterial activity was not reported due to a limited amount of material. We filled up this gap by using a synthetic peptide. Active against S. aureus USA300, activity value is MIC = 1.6||Anti-S. epidermidis 1457, activity value is MIC = 1.6 uM||Anti-B. subtilis 168, activity value is MIC = 12.5||Anti-C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-C. glabrata, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Antimicrobial Florida bog frog, Rana okaloosae, North America|||Rana okaloosae (Florida bog frog) Helix N/A Regul Pept 2007; 138: 87-93. PubMed|||Regul Pept 2007; 138: 87-93. PubMed.|||2007 Feb 1;138(2-3):87-93. doi: 10.1016/j.regpep.2006.08.007. Epub 2006 Sep 26.|||Regul Pept 2007; 138: 87-93. 13 FPDB00342 AP01012|||AP01012|||Latarcin-3a|||DRAMP03229|||Latarcin-3a|||AP01012 SWKSMAKKLKEYMEKLKQRA Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Anti-E. coli DH1, activity value is MIC = 2.5||Anti-P-aeruginosa, activity value is MIC > 40 uM||Anti-B. subtilis, activity value is MIC = 0.3||Anti-S. cerevisiae, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-E.coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-K.pneumoniae ATCC 13883, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-P.aeruginosa KPC+ 003321199, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-P.acnes ATCC 51277, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Antibacterial ; Synthetic construct||Anti-A. globiformis VKM Ac-1112, activity value is MIC = 0.3 uM||Anti-B. subtilis VKM B-501, activity value is MIC = 1.2 uM||Anti-E.coli DH5-alpha, activity value is MIC = 2.5 uM||Anti-E. coli MH1, activity value is MIC = 6 uM||Anti-P. pastoris GS115, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-S.cerevisiae Y190, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-Arthrobacter globiformis VKM Ac-1112, activity value is MIC = 0.3 uM||Anti-Bacillus subtilis VKM B-501, activity value is MIC = 1.2 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli DH5-alpha, activity value is MIC = 2.5 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli MH1, activity value is MIC = 6 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is MIC > 40 uM||Anti-Pichia pastoris GS115, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y190, activity value is MIC = 20 uM venom, Lachesana tarabaevi, Central Asia|||venom, Lachesana tarabaevi, Central Asia|||Synthetic construct|||venom, Lachesana tarabaevi, Central Asia|||Lachesana tarabaevi (Spider)|||venom, Lachesana tarabaevi, Central Asia Helix||Alpha helix "Ltc1: 80Ltc2a: 6.0Ltc3a: >120Ltc3b: >120Ltc4a: >120Ltc4b: >120Ltc5: 40Ltc6a: >120Ltc7: >120|||A. globiformis VKM Ac-1112 ( MIC = 0.3 uM ), B. subtilis VKM B-501 ( MIC = 1.2 uM ), E.coli DH5-alpha ( MIC = 2.5 uM ), E. coli MH1 ( MIC = 6 uM ), P.aeruginosa PAO1 ( MIC = >40 uM ), P. pastoris GS115 ( MIC = 20 uM ), S.cerevisiae Y190 ( MIC = 20 uM)||Rabbit erythrocytes ( Hemolysis > 120 uM )|||Rabbit erythrocytes ( Hemolysis > 120 uM )|||According to the contents of the document, the hemolytic values of 9 latarcin peptides (Ltc 1, Ltc 2a, Ltc 3a, Ltc 3b, Ltc 4a, Ltc 4b, Ltc 5, Ltc 6a, Ltc 7) isolated from the venom of Tarschella (Lachesana tarabaevi) are as follows. The experiment was tested by fresh rabbit red blood cells and measured by the concentration of peptides causing red blood cell hemolysis: Ltc 1: Exhibits moderate hemolytic activity (no specific concentration values provided; only the activity level is specified). Ltc 2a: with strong hemolytic (no specific concentration value, only clear activity level). Ltc 3a: red blood cells are highly resistant to it, and hemolysis is extremely weak (no specific concentration value, only the activity level is specified). LTC 3b: Highly tolerant to red blood cells, with very low hemolytic activity (no specific concentration values provided; only the activity level is specified). LTC-4a: Red blood cells exhibit high tolerance to it, with very low hemolytic activity (no specific concentration values are provided; only the activity level is specified). Ltc 4b: Red blood cells exhibit high tolerance to it, with very low hemolytic activity (no specific concentration values are provided; only the activity level is specified). Ltc 5: Exhibits moderate hemolytic activity (no specific concentration values provided; only the activity level is specified). Ltc 6a: Red blood cells are highly resistant to it and have no antimicrobial activity (no specific concentration value, only activity grade is specified). Ltc 7: Red blood cells exhibit high tolerance to it, and it demonstrates no antimicrobial activity (no specific concentration values are provided; only the activity level is specified). Note: The document does not provide the specific value of half hemolysis concentration (LC_{50}) of each peptide causing 50% hemolysis. The hemolytic strength is only classified by descriptions such as "highly tolerated", "medium" and "strong". In the experiment, distilled water treatment group is used as 100 hemolysis control, and peptide-free treatment group is used as 0% hemolysis control. Hemoglobin release is measured by detecting absorbance at 414 nm to determine hemolysis.|||Ltc 1：80 uM； • Ltc 2a：6 uM； • Ltc 3a：120 uM； • Ltc 3b：120 uM； • Ltc 4a：120 uM； • Ltc 4b：120 uM； • Ltc 5：40 uM； • Ltc 6a：120 uM； • Ltc 7：120 uM。|||Rabbit erythrocytes ( Hemolysis > 120 uM )|||Tests to determine the hemolytic activity of latarcins were performed and showed that erythrocytes are highly resistant to Ltc 3a, Ltc 3b, Ltc 4a, Ltc 4b, Ltc 6a, and Ltc 7 (Table 3). Ltc 2a exhibited comparatively strong hemolytic activity, whereas Ltc 1 and Ltc 5 were moderately hemolytic. Ltc 6a and Ltc 9 (identified as putative AMPs) showed neither antimicrobial nor hemolytic activity." J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 28;281(30):20983-92. Pub-Med|||2006 Jul 28;281(30):20983-20992. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M602168200. Epub 2006 May 30.|||http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/115311723|||J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 28;281(30):20983-92. Pub-Med.|||J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 28;281(30):20983-209892.||Ref.16735513|||16735513|||J Biol Chem. 2006 Jul 28;281(30):20983-92. Pub-Med. 20 FPDB00419 AP02136|||AP02136|||Gaduscidin-1 " FIHHIIGWISHGVRAIHRAIH" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||Anti-and P. immobilisc NCIMB 308, activity value is MIC = 0.3||Antibacterial Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L.|||Gadus morhua|||Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L. Helix "Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L.||HC₅₀ = 12 uM。|||Escherichia coli MG1655[MIC = 2 uM], Escherichia coli MG1655[MIC = 4 uM], Escherichia coli MG1655[MIC = 16 uM], Escherichia coli MG1655[MBC = 2 uM], Escherichia coli MG1655[MBC = 16 uM], Vibrio harveyi[MIC = 8 uM], Vibrio harveyi[MBC = 16 uM], Aeromonas hydrophila[MIC = 16 uM], Aeromonas hydrophila[MBC = 16 uM], Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1[MIC >128 uM], Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1[MIC = 16 uM], Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1[MIC = 64 uM], Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1[MIC = 2 uM], Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1[MIC = NA ], Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1|||This document explicitly mentions the hemolytic values of three piscidin-related synthetic peptides (Pis1, Pis2, Pis2-β) from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.), with melittin and cecropin P1 used as controls. The specific data are as follows: 1. Core hemolytic data (against Atlantic cod red blood cells) The hemolysis of all tested peptides was measured by incubation at 37°C for 30 minutes. 0.2% Triton X-100 was used as the 100% hemolysis positive control, and PBS was used as the 0% hemolysis negative control. Results are expressed as the percentage of hemolysis relative to the positive control: Pis1, Pis2, Pis2-β: At the highest tested concentration (1.6 μM), the hemolysis rate was all below 10%. Within the concentration range of 0.2 to 1.6 μM, the hemolysis rate remained consistently low (<10%), similar to the non-hemolytic control peptide cecropin P1. Control peptides: Melittin (hemolytic positive control): Hemolysis rate at 0.2 μM was 19.5%, and at 1.6 μM reached 78.7%, significantly higher than the three piscidin peptides. Cecropin P1 (non-hemolytic control): Hemolysis rates were similar to Pis1, Pis2, Pis2-β, all <10% (at 1.6 μM). 2. Key conclusions The hemolytic activity of the three cod piscidin peptides against their own red blood cells is extremely low. Even at concentrations far exceeding their antibacterial/anti-parasitic activity (e.g., 1.6 μM, much higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for some bacteria, 0.04–10 μM), they caused almost no hemolysis. Comparison with their bioactivity: Pis1 has antibacterial MICs as low as 0.04–10 μM. The anti-parasitic concentrations (PC₁₀₀) of Pis1, Pis2, Pis2-β are 5–9.9 μM, all below the concentration that induces significant hemolysis (>1.6 μM still shows no significant hemolysis), indicating that these peptides have good cellular selectivity (strong toxicity to microbes, weak toxicity to host red blood cells)." Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2012 Mar;32(3):396-406. Pub-Med.|||Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2012 Mar;32(3):396-406. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.11.022. Epub 2011 Dec 8.|||33770667, 33428273|||Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2012 Mar;32(3):396-406. Pub-Med. 21 FPDB00427 AP02235|||3125|||3126|||3127|||3128|||3129|||AP02235|||Putative antimicrobial peptide clone 4|||Antimicrobial peptide TsAP-2|||NDBP-4.23|||DRAMP03688|||Antimicrobial peptide TsAP-2|||NDBP-4.23|||AP02235 " FLGMIPGLIGGLISAFK" Anti-Gram+||Antifungal||candidacidal||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anticancer||activity value is IC50 = 4.1 uM||activity value is IC50 = 11 uM||activity value is IC50 = 6.4 uM||activity value is IC50 = 13.3 uM||activity value is IC50 = 15.4 uM||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||activity value is MBC = 10 uM||Anti-E.coli, activity value is MIC > 320 uM||Anti-C. tropicalis ATCC 750, activity value is MIC = 6.25 uM||Anti-C. parapsilosis ATCC22019, activity value is MIC = 100 uM||Anti-C. neoformans H99 serotype A, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-and C. neoformans B3501 serotype D, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-S.aureus, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-C.albicans, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-C. albicans SC5314, activity value is MIC = 50 uM||Anti-C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, activity value is MIC = 100 uM||Anti-C. glabrata ATCC 90030, activity value is MIC > 400 uM||Anti-C. neoformans B3501 serotype D, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Wound healing||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, activity value is MIC = 15.6 ug/ml||Anti-B. cereus ATCC 11778, activity value is MIC = 31.2 ug/ml||Anti-K.pneumoniae ATCC 23357, activity value is MIC = 250 ug/ml||Anti-S.Typhimurium ATCC14028, activity value is MIC > 250 ug/ml||Anti-C.freundii ATCC 8090, activity value is MIC > 250 ug/ml||Anti-and E.coli EPEC CDC O86:H35, activity value is MIC = 125 ug/ml venom, the Brazilian yellow scorpion, Tityus serrulatus, also Turrilites costatus; Tityus obscurus, South America|||Tityus costatus|||T. costatus|||venom, the Brazilian yellow scorpion, Tityus serrulatus, also Turrilites costatus; Tityus obscurus, South America|||Vespa magnifica|||venom, the Brazilian yellow scorpion, Tityus serrulatus, also Turrilites costatus; Tityus obscurus, South America Helix "venom, the Brazilian yellow scorpion, Tityus serrulatus, also Turrilites costatus; Tityus obscurus, South America||No obvious hemolysis is observed at low concentrations (≤15 uM); the hemolysis rate reaches 86% at 40 uM; and concentrations of 80 uM and above cause complete hemolysis.|||Exhibits hemolysis against human erythrocytes|||The document explicitly measured the hemolytic values of four peptides (TsAP-1, TsAP-2, and their cation-enhanced analogs TsAP-S1, TsAP-S2) on horse red blood cells. The peptides were incubated with a 4% horse red blood cell suspension for 120 minutes. 1% Triton X-100 was used as a 100% hemolysis positive control, and PBS as the 0% hemolysis negative control. The specific data are as follows: 1. Hemolytic activity of natural peptides (TsAP-1, TsAP-2) TsAP-1: Hemolytic activity was extremely low, only observed at the highest tested concentration (160 µM), with a hemolysis rate of 6.48%; at lower concentrations, the hemolysis rate was negligible. TsAP-2: Hemolytic activity was concentration-dependent: Concentration ≤15 µM: No hemolysis (0%). Concentration = 20 µM: Hemolysis rate 18%. Concentration = 40 µM: Hemolysis rate significantly increased to 86%. Concentration ≥80 µM: Complete hemolysis (100%). 2. Hemolytic activity of cation-enhanced analogs (TsAP-S1, TsAP-S2) Due to increased cationicity, both analogs exhibited significantly higher hemolytic activity than the natural peptides and showed similar concentration-dependent characteristics: Concentration = 5 µM: Both caused notable hemolysis, with a hemolysis rate of approximately 28%-30%. Concentration ≥20 µM: Both achieved complete hemolysis (100%). 3. Supplementary related conclusions Hemolytic activity is positively correlated with cationicity and helicity: the natural peptides (TsAP-1, TsAP-2) have a net charge of 2 and low hemolytic activity; the analogs (TsAP-S1, TsAP-S2) have a net charge increased to 6 and α-helix content increased from 58.82%-76.47% to 88.24%, with significantly enhanced hemolytic activity. Safety differences: TsAP-1, due to its extremely low hemolytic activity, is safer for antimicrobial applications; while TsAP-2 and the two analogs have stronger antibacterial/antitumor activity, the risk of hemolysis at high concentrations may limit their systemic application, making them more suitable for local use.|||Exhibits hemolysis against human erythrocytes|||not hemolytic at 15 uM, but it caused 50% hemolysis (HC50 at ~30 uM and 100% hemolysis at 80 uM (Hemolytic)." "Biochimie. 2013 Jun 14. pii: S0300-9084(13)00164-8. Pub-Med.|||Biochimie. 2013 Jun 14. pii: S0300-9084(13)00164-8. Pub-Med.||Guilhelmelli F et al., 2016|||Q5G8B5|||23770440|||27917162|||Biochimie. 2013 Jun 14. pii: S0300-9084(13)00164-8. Pub-Med.|||Biochimie. 2013 Jun 14. pii: S0300-9084(13)00164-8.|||23770440|||27917162|||Biochimie . 2013 Sep;95(9):1784-94. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.06.003. Epub 2013 Jun 14.||see ref for structure||Guilhelmelli F et al., 2016" 17 L FPDB00898 AP00155|||DRAMP02912|||Cathelin-related peptide SC5|||AP00155 RGLRRLGRKIAHGVKKYGPTVLRIIRIAG Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||anti-sepsis||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922 or ML-35 or D21, activity value is MIC = 0.12||Anti-S. enterica serovar typhimurium ATCC 14028, activity value is MIC = 0.25 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 or 2 clinical isolates, activity value is MIC = 0.25||Anti-S. marcescens ATCC 8100, activity value is MIC = 0.25 uM||Anti-P-vulgaris ATCC 13315, activity value is MIC > 80 uM||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923 or Cowan 1 MRSA clinical isolate, activity value is MIC = 0.5||Anti-S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, activity value is MIC = 0.25 uM||Anti-E. faecalis ATCC 29212 or V clinical isolate, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-B. megaterium Bm11, activity value is MIC = 0.25 uM||Anti-C. albicans clinical isolate, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-C. neoformans 3 clinical isolates, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-and R. rubra, activity value is MIC = 0.5 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli DH5a, activity value is MIC = 0.1 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli ML-35p, activity value is MIC = 0.18 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is MIC = 0.17 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa MR3007, activity value is MIC = 0.34 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591, activity value is MIC = 1.24 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus 93918, activity value is MIC = 0.31 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli ML-35p, activity value is MIC = 0.12 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is MIC = 0.08 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa MR3007, activity value is MIC = 0.18 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591, activity value is MIC = 0.65 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus 93918, activity value is MIC = 0.43 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus 25923, activity value is MIC = 5||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853, activity value is MIC = 5||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae 13883, activity value is MIC = 2.5||Anti-Candida albicans 14053, activity value is MIC = 10||Anti-pmid-10768969[ Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is MIC = 0.17 uM||Anti-MRSA ATCC 33591, activity value is MIC = 1.24 uM sheep leukocytes; Ovis aries|||Ovis aries (Sheep)|||Ovis aries [Sheep]|||sheep leukocytes; Ovis aries Helix N/A "FEBS Lett. 1995 Dec 4;376(3):225-8. PubMed.|||1995 Dec 4;376(3):225-8. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)01285-3.||Skerlavaj et al., 1999||Blower et al., 2018||Sousa et al., 2017|||Comparative Study FEBS Lett . 1995 Dec 4;376(3):225-8. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)01285-3.||Skerlavaj et al., 1999||Blower et al., 2018||Sousa et al., 2017|||Protein Eng. 2002 Mar;15(3):225-232.||Ref.8549789|||8549789|||FEBS Lett. 1995 Dec 4;376(3):225-8. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)01285-3.||Skerlavaj et al., 1999||Blower et al., 2018||Sousa et al., 2017" 29 FPDB00911 AP00548 RFGRFLRKIRRFRPKVTITIQGSARFG Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||anti-sepsis||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anti-Gram- E. coli ATCC 25922 or O157:H7 or PCN033 or RS218, activity value is MIC = 0.66||Anti-S. typhimurium ATCC 14028 or 700408, activity value is MIC = 0.66||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883, activity value is MIC = 0.66 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 5.32 uM||Anti-L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115, activity value is MIC = 1.33 uM||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923 or BAA-39 or 43300 MRSA, activity value is MIC = 0.33||Anti-MRSA WKZ-2, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-B. globigii TNO BMO13, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-and S. enteriditis 706 RIVM, activity value is MIC = 10 uM chicken, Gallus gallus Helix "This document focuses on the inflammatory response and coagulation abnormalities in dogs with idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). It does not directly provide quantitative hemolytic values (such as hemolysis rate, free hemoglobin concentration, etc.), but indirectly reflects hemolysis-related pathological states through the following indicators. The core data are as follows: 1. Directly indicates key indicators of hemolysis - Red blood cell-related indicators: The median hematocrit (Ht) in IMHA dogs (Group F, n=24) was 160 ml/L (range 60-340 ml/L), significantly lower than that of healthy dogs (Group A, median 500 ml/L) and other disease groups (e.g., sepsis group E median 320 ml/L, surgery group C median 380 ml/L), directly reflecting hemolysis-induced red blood cell loss. Clinical signs and tests related to hemolysis: Among 24 dogs with IMHA, 7 showed visible hemoglobinuria (indicating intravascular hemolysis), and 13 showed jaundice (due to elevated bilirubin after hemolysis). 21 cases showed positive direct agglutination test (DAT), and 18 blood smears showed spherical red blood cells (all typical IMHA diagnostic criteria, reflecting hemolytic characteristics of red blood cells destroyed by antibodies). 2. Indirectly related to hemolysis and coagulation and inflammatory indicators Platelet parameters: The median platelet count (PLT) in IMHA patients was 200×10⁹/L (range 24-652×10⁹/L), which was higher than the DIC group (Group D, median 72×10⁹/L), but there was platelet activation and high turnover: median mean platelet volume (MPV) reached 19.4 fL (significantly higher than healthy dogs 11.6 fL and other disease groups), and median mean platelet mass (MPM) was 0.000003 μg, indicating increased compensatory platelet production associated with hemolysis and coagulation activation. Coagulation factor activity: In IMHA patients, except for increased activity of coagulation factors VIII (FVIII) and IX (FIX) (both are acute phase proteins that increase in response to inflammatory stimulation), the activities of other coagulation factors (FII, FV, FVII, FIX, FX, FXI, FXII) were all reduced, consistent with the characteristics of wasting thrombosis and indirectly reflected coagulation system activation triggered by hemolysis. Inflammatory indicators: The median white blood cell count (WBC) in IMHA dogs reached 33.5×10⁹/L (range 5.5-86.8×10⁹/L), significantly higher than that of healthy dogs (8.6×10⁹/L) and sepsis group (21.8×10⁹/L); Median monocyte count was 2.1×10⁹/L, median rod nucleoliocyte count was 1.3×10⁹/L, indicating a strong inflammatory response associated with post-hemolysis tissue damage and immune activation. In summary, the document does not provide traditional ""hemolytic values"" (such as hemolysis rate), but through hematocrit, hemoglobinuria, jaundice, DAT positivity, spherical red blood cells, and coagulation/inflammation indicators, it provides a comprehensive reflection of the hemolytic pathological status of dogs with IMHA. The median Ht of 160 ml/L is the core quantitative indicator for assessing hemolysis severity." Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 106 (3-4), 321-327 (2005)|||Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 106 (3-4), 321-327 (2005)||Bosso et al., 2017 27 FPDB00918 AP00595|||AP00595|||Temporin-1CSb|||Vespid chemotactic peptide 5h|||Vespid chemotactic peptide 5h|||AP00595|||DRAMP01816 FLPIIGKLLSGLL Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923 or ATCC 12493 MRSA and 2 clincal strains, activity value is MIC = 1.2||Anti-negative E. coli ATCC25922, activity value is MIC = 2.5 uM||Anti-E. cloacae ATCC13047, activity value is MIC = 2.5 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC700603, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-B. pyocyaneus CMCCB1010, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC27853, activity value is MIC = 40 uM||Anti-B. dysenteriae, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-E. coli IS 37#, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-E. coli IS 117# or 218#, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa IS 350#, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae IS 59#, activity value is MIC = 40 uM||Anti-C. albicans ATCC2002 or ATCC90028, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-and C. parapsilosis ATCC22019, activity value is MIC = 2.5 uM||Anti-E.coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC > 256 uM||Anti-K.pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-and yeast C.albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-E.coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 30 ug/ml||Anti-S.aureus ATCC 2592, activity value is MIC = 5 ug/ml||Anti-C.albicans ATCC 2002, activity value is MIC = 25 ug/ml||Antibacterial||Anti-Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 8 uM skin secretions, Rana cascadae, North America. Also venom gland, the social wasp, Vespa mandarinia, also Vespa tropica, Asia|||North America, Rana cascadae; venom gland, the social wasp, Vespa mandarinia, also Vespa tropica|||Rana cascadae|||Vespa magnifica [Hornet]|||Vespa magnifica [Hornet]|||skin secretions, Rana cascadae, North America. Also venom gland, the social wasp, Vespa mandarinia, also Vespa tropica, Asia|||Rana cascadae (Cascades frog) N/A "The document clearly provides the hemolytic values of six antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin of the Cascades frog (Rana cascadae) (expressed as the concentration causing 50% hemolysis of human red blood cells, LD_{50}), with specific data as follows: The hemolytic value LD_{50} of Ranatuerin-2CSa is 150 µM, its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Escherichia coli is 4 µM, and against Staphylococcus aureus is 8 µM. It has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity but low hemolysis; Brevinin-1CSa has a hemolytic value LD_{50} of 5 µM, the strongest hemolysis among these six peptides, with an MIC of 32 µM against E. coli and 2 µM against S. aureus; Temporin-1CSa has a hemolytic value LD_{50} of 75 µM, an MIC of 128 µM against E. coli, and 8 µM against S. aureus; Temporin-1CSb has a hemolytic value LD_{50} of 95 µM, with MICs of 128 µM against E. coli and 8 µM against S. aureus; Temporin-1CSc has a hemolytic value LD_{50} > 300 µM, the weakest hemolysis, with an MIC > 128 µM against E. coli and 64 µM against S. aureus; Temporin-1CSd has a hemolytic value LD_{50} of 50 µM, with an MIC of 64 µM against E. coli and 16 µM against S. aureus.|||The document mentions content related to hemolysis. The specific hemolytic values are as follows: - Ranatuerin-2CSa: The concentration that causes 50% hemolysis of human red blood cells (LD₅₀) is 150 μM. - Brevinin-1CSa: LD₅₀ is 5 μM. - Temporin-1CSa: LD₅₀ is 75 μM. - Temporin-1CSb: LD₅₀ is 95 μM. - Temporin-1CSd: LD₅₀ is 50 μM.|||The hemolytic values detected for antimicrobial peptides in the skin secretions of the Cascades frog (Rana cascadae), as explicitly mentioned in the document (expressed as LC_{50} for human red blood cells), are as follows: The hemolytic value LC_{50} of Ranatuerin-2CSa is 150 µM; The hemolytic value LC_{50} of Brevinin-1CSa is 5 µM; The hemolytic value LC_{50} of Temporin-1CSa is 75 µM; The hemolytic value LC_{50} of Temporin-1CSb is 95 µM; The hemolytic value LC_{50} of Temporin-1CSc is greater than 300 µM; The hemolytic value LC_{50} of Temporin-1CSd is 50 µM. Note: LC_{50} refers to the peptide concentration that causes 50% red blood cell hemolysis; lower values indicate stronger hemolytic activity. Among them, Brevinin-1CSa has the strongest hemolytic activity (LC_{50} = 5 µM), and Temporin-1CSc has the weakest hemolytic activity (LC_{50} > 300 µM).|||LC₅₀=95 uM" "Peptides 2007; 28: 1268-1274. PubMed.|||Peptides . 2007 Jun;28(6):1268-74. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.03.010. Epub 2007 Mar 27.|||17451843" 13 FPDB01049 AP02856|||AP02856|||I7R " WWWLRRRW" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-E. faecium V286-17, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-S. aureus USA300 LAC MRSA and 30 clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-K-pneumoniae E406-17, activity value is MIC > 32 uM||Anti-A. baumannii B28-16, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-P-aeruginosa E411-17, activity value is MIC > 32 uM||Anti-and E. coli E423-17, activity value is MIC = 16||Anti-inlcuding 32 S. aureus clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 50||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 3.1 uM||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 6.2 uM||Anti-33804947: : S. aureus�G16�, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-MRSA T144, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli B2, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli C3, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli G6, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli G92, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli CP131, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli 1F28, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii C222, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-P. cibarius HNCF44W, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml computer designed based on database, de novo designed Rich "In this document, the key values related to the hemolytic activity of two amphipathic antimicrobial peptides, Horine and Verine, are as follows, determined by human red blood cell (hRBC) hemolysis assays (PBS as 0% hemolysis negative control, 1% Triton X-100 as 100% hemolysis positive control): Core Hemolytic Activity Results - Test subject: 2% human red blood cell suspension - Key hemolysis indicators (50% hemolysis concentration, HL₅₀): - Horine: HL₅₀ >200 μM against human red blood cells, showing no significant hemolytic activity across the full concentration range tested. - Verine: HL₅₀ >200 μM against human red blood cells, also showing no significant hemolytic activity across the full concentration range tested. - Additional note: The antibacterial effective concentrations (MIC) of both peptides are 2–16 μM (against MRSA, VRE, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other resistant bacteria), far below their hemolytic concentrations (>200 μM), indicating minimal toxicity to human red blood cells while exerting antibacterial effects. Experimental Background and Related Properties - Experimental conditions: Series of diluted peptides were co-incubated with 2% human red blood cell suspension, and hemoglobin release was measured. Hemolysis rates were calculated based on absorbance, with multiple repetitions to ensure reproducibility. - Safety verification: Beyond hemolytic activity, both peptides show very low toxicity to human liver cells (HepaRG), kidney cells (HEK293), lung fibroblasts (MRC9), and mouse splenocytes (LD₅₀ all >12.5 μM). Additionally, in vivo experiments in mice and rats showed no nephrotoxicity, further supporting their clinical application potential.|||computer designed based on database, man-made sequences||We also improved WW295 by changing the terminal L8 to V8, which doubled the 50% hemolytic concentration (HL50) (WW307 in SI Appendix, Table S4).|||Human RBC (HL50 = 150 uM)|||The document only explicitly provides core hemolytic data of two antimicrobial peptides (horine and verine) against human red blood cells (hRBCs), with specific information as follows: - Test indicators: Using a “2% human red blood cell suspension” as the experimental subject, hemolytic activity was assessed by detecting hemoglobin release. The core results are presented in terms of ""50% hemolytic concentration (HL₅₀)"" standards (the exact HL₅₀ value is not directly given, but the hemolytic activity threshold is clearly indicated). horine: Within the tested concentration range, the hemolytic activity against 2% human red blood cells was extremely low, HL₅₀ > 200 µM, meaning that at concentrations below 200 µM, the hemolysis rate did not reach 50% and cytotoxicity to red blood cells was very weak. verine: Similar to horine, its hemolytic activity against 2% human red blood cells was also extremely low, HL₅₀ > 200 µM, and at conventional antimicrobial concentrations (2-16 µM, see Table 1 for MIC values), it exhibited almost no hemolysis. Supplementary notes: 1. Experimental relevance: The antimicrobial effective concentrations of both peptides (MIC 2-32 µM, Table 1) are far below their hemolytic activity threshold (>200 µM), indicating high safety for human red blood cells during antimicrobial action, with no significant hemolytic toxicity. 2. Other cytotoxicity references: The study also tested the toxicity of the two peptides on human hepatocytes (HepaRG), kidney cells (HEK293), lung fibroblasts (MRC9), and mouse splenocytes. The results showed that their LD₅₀ against these eukaryotic cells was significantly higher than the antimicrobial MIC (e.g., LD₅₀ for human kidney cells > 80 µM), further supporting their low toxicity to host cells and showing no nephrotoxicity." "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2020 Aug 11;117(32):19446-19454. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2005540117. Epub 2020 Jul 28.|||Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2020 Aug 11;117(32):19446-19454. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2005540117. Epub 2020 Jul 28.|||28731688, 33804947|||Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Aug 11;117(32):19446-19454. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2005540117. Epub 2020 Jul 28. PubMed" 8 FPDB01051 AP02864|||AP02864|||Hydrid peptide H4|||DRAMP20868 " KFKKLFKKLSPVIGKEFKRIVERIKRFLR" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 29213, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-E. faecalis ATCC 19433, activity value is MIC = 15 uM||Anti-S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-MRSA, activity value is MIC = 5||Anti-E. faecium VRE, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-and Gram- E. coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 19606, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883, activity value is MIC = 2.5 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433, activity value is MIC = 15 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-S.aureus ATCC 33591, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-S.aureus ATCC 43300, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-S.aureus BAA41, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-E.faecalis ATCC BAA2365, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-Enterococcus faecium BAA2316, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-E.coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, activity value is MIC = 2.5 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC BAA2114, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-E.coli ATCC BAA2452, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa BAA2114, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC BAA41, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-Enterococcus faecalis ATCC BAA2365, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-Enterococcus faecium ATCC BAA2316, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC BAA2114, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC BAA2452, activity value is MIC = 10 uM peptide motif combination, hybrid peptide, designed, man-made sequences|||Synthetic construct Alpha helix "In this document, the key information related to the hemolytic activity of the novel hybrid antimicrobial peptide H4 (derived from the α-helical fragments of BMAP-27 and OP-145) is as follows, measured using a human red blood cell hemolysis assay (0.9% NaCl as 0% hemolysis negative control, 0.1% Triton X-100 as 100% hemolysis positive control): 1. Core Hemolytic Activity Results - Test concentration range: 5–100 μM - Hemolysis rate at each concentration: - 5–85 μM: In this concentration range, H4 exhibited 0% hemolysis of human red blood cells with no detectable hemolytic effect. This concentration covers its effective antimicrobial concentration (MIC = 2.5–25 μM) and anti-biofilm concentration (MBEC = 20–25 μM). - 100 μM (approximately 4 times the average MIC): Only showed mild hemolysis at 2.1%, indicating extremely low hemolytic activity, far below the safety threshold for hemolytic toxicity in clinical applications. 2. Experimental Conditions and Control Settings - Sample handling: A 4% human red blood cell suspension was co-incubated with H4 at different concentrations at 37°C for 1 hour. After centrifugation, the absorbance of the supernatant at 570 nm was measured, and hemolysis rate was calculated using the formula (Hemolysis rate = [(A − A₀)/(Aₓ − A₀)] × 100, where A is sample absorbance, A₀ is negative control absorbance, and Aₓ is positive control absorbance). The experiment was repeated three times. - Key validation: The hemolytic activity of H4 was significantly lower than that of its parent peptide BMAP-27 (known for higher cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells), and no hemolysis occurred at concentrations effective for antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity, demonstrating that the hybrid strategy effectively reduced peptide toxicity. 3. Safety-Related Conclusions - The effective antimicrobial concentration (2.5–25 μM) and anti-biofilm concentration (20–25 μM) of H4 are both far below the concentration that causes mild hemolysis (100 μM). Additionally, the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) for human kidney cells (HEK293) and African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) are 61.9 μM and 64.9 μM, respectively, further confirming its safety toward eukaryotic cells. - When H4 is used in combination with conventional antibiotics (such as rifampin, levofloxacin), its effective MIC can be further reduced (for example, when combined with chloramphenicol, H4's MIC decreases from 2…|||peptide motif combination, hybrid peptide, designed, man-made sequences||The toxicity of H4 against human erythrocytes was determined using the hemolytic assay in order to assess the degree of hemolysis induced by the peptide and as described previously.24 Briefly, a 4% suspension of human erythrocytes (Zen-Bio Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA) in 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) was prepared and incubated with different concentrations of H4 at 37°C for 1 h. Triton X-100 was used as a positive control in order to induce 100% hemolysis, while erythrocytes lacking the peptide were employed as negative controls. The percent hemolysis was calculated using the following equation: hemolysis = (A−A0)/(AX−A0)*100, where A is OD 570 nm with the peptide solution, A0 is OD 570 nm in NaCl, and AX is OD 570 nm with 0.1% Triton X-100.|||Human RBCs (2.1% hemolysis at 100 uM)|||The document only provides hemolysis values of human red blood cells for the hybrid antimicrobial peptide H4. In the experiment, complete hemolysis induced by 0.1% Triton X-100 was taken as 100% control, and the physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) treatment group was taken as 0% hemolysis control. Hemolysis rate was calculated by measuring the absorbance at 570 nm. The specific data are as follows: When the H4 concentrations were 5 µM, 10 µM, 25 µM, 40 µM, 55 µM, 70 µM, and 85 µM, the hemolysis rates were all 0%; When the H4 concentration reached 100 µM, the hemolysis rate was 2.1%. Key Related Notes 1. Safety match between antimicrobial concentration and hemolysis: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of H4 for all tested bacteria (including drug-resistant strains) ranged from 2.5 to 25 µM, and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was 20-25 µM. Within this concentration range, the hemolysis rate of H4 was 0%, showing no hemolytic toxicity. 2. Low toxicity at high concentration: Only when the H4 concentration reached 100 µM (approximately 4 times the average MIC) did the hemolysis rate reach only 2.1%, far below the 50% toxicity threshold, indicating a very high selectivity for human red blood cells and extremely low risk of hemolysis.|||[Ref.29910626] 0% haemolysis at 5 uM, 0% haemolysis at 10 uM, 0% haemolysis at 25 uM, 0% haemolysis at 40 uM, 0% haemolysis at 55 uM, 0% haemolysis at 75 uM, 0% haemolysis at 80 uM, 2.1% haemolysis at 100 uM against human red blood cells" "Infect Drug Resist . 2018 Jun 1:11:835-847. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S166236. eCollection 2018.|||Infect Drug Resist . 2018 Jun 1:11:835-847. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S166236. eCollection 2018.|||29910626|||Infect Drug Resist. 2018 Jun 1;11:835-847. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S166236. PubMed|||Infect Drug Resist. 2018 Jun 1;11:835-847.||Ref.29910626" 29 FPDB01055 AP02875|||AP02875|||P148 " LKRVWKRVFKLLKRYWRQLKKPVR" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm||SAAP-148 shows broad activity against the ESKAPE pathogens in 50% plasma||including E. faecium LUH15122 (LC99.9 6.4 uM)||S. aureus LUH14616 (3.2-12.8)||K. pneumoniae LUH15104 (12.8-25.6 uM)||A. baumannii RUH875 (1.6-3.2 uM)||P. aeruginosa LUH15103 (12.8-25.6 uM)||E. cloacae LUH15114 (3.2-12.8 uM)||and E. coli LUH15117 (6.4 uM). Fast killing.||Antibacterial engineered based on LL-37|||Synthetic construct N/A engineered based on LL-37 "Sci Transl Med . 2018 Jan 10;10(423):eaan4044. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan4044.|||Sci Transl Med . 2018 Jan 10;10(423):eaan4044. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan4044.|||29321257|||Sci Transl Med. 2018 Jan 10;10(423). pii: eaan4044. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan4044.PubMed" 24 FPDB01061 AP02930|||AP02930|||AP03830|||Lynronne-2|||DRAMP32120 " HLRRINKLLTRIGLYRHAFG" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm||Anti-bacteria S. aureus MRSA, activity value is MIC = 32||Anti-K. pneumoniae, activity value is MIC = 64||Anti-A. baumannii 14 clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 4||Anti-C.coli, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli K12, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-S. typhimurium, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-E. faecalis, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus USA 300, activity value is MIC = 256 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus RN4220, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus MRSA-15, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Q14-0320, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae NCTC 13442, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae Q14-0095, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae Q14-0285, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Acinetobacter baumannii Q13-0717, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-Acinetobacter baumannii, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Q14-0208, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Q14-0890, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Q12-0535, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 256 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli K-12, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-Campylobacter jejuni, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11351, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11161, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 33292, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Salmonella typhimurium SL1344, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Enterococcus faecalis JH-2-2, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 11994, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Antimicrobial||Anticancer AI predicted, bacteria; bacteriocin, prokaryotes, plant-attached rumen microbiome, plant microbiota|||AI predicted, bacteria; bacteriocin, prokaryotes, plant-attached rumen microbiome, plant microbiota|||Synthetic construct|||Synthetic Helix "In this document, the key information related to the hemolysis of three novel antimicrobial peptides—Lynronne-1, Lynronne-2, and Lynronne-3 (derived from the rumen microbiome)—is as follows, measured by human red blood cells (hRBC) and sheep red blood cell (sRBC) hemolysis assays (using CTAB, 0.1% Triton X-100 as 100% hemolytic positive control, PBS as 0% hemolytic negative control): Core hemolytic activity results - Test concentration range: 200–800 μg/ml (corresponding to about 100–400 μM, much higher than its effective antibacterial concentration MIC=4–256 μM) - Hemolytic Rate Characteristics of Each Peptide: - Lynronne-1, Lynronne-2, Lynronne-3: Within the full test concentration range, hemolytic rates for human and sheep red blood cells were below 50% (dashed lines in Figure 2d indicate the 50% hemolysis threshold; hemolysis curves for all peptides are below the dashed lines), and within the range of effective antibacterial concentrations (e.g., MIC = 8–32 uM for MRSA), hemolytic activity was extremely low and did not reach significant hemolysis levels (described as ""little haemolytic activity""). - Key comparison: The positive control CTAB can induce 100% hemolysis at the test concentration, while the three peptides showed significantly lower hemolysis rates than the positive control even at the highest test concentration (800 ug/ml), with no obvious dose-dependent sharp increase. Experimental conditions and supplementary notes - Experimental conditions: The series of diluted peptides were incubated with 2% human/sheep red blood cell suspension at 37°C for 1 hour. After centrifugation, absorbance at 450 nm of supernatant was measured. The hemolysis rate was calculated using the formula (hemolysis rate = [(A−A₀)/(Aₓ−A₀)]×100, where A is the sample absorbance, A₀ is the absorbance of the negative control, and Aₓ is the absorbance of the positive control. The hemolysis rate was calculated by repeating the experiment three times to ensure repeatability. - Safety association: The antibacterial concentrations of the three peptides (for example, Lynronne-1's MIC=8–32 uM for MRSA) were far lower than the concentrations that induce significant hemolysis (>100 uM), and their cytotoxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human liver cancer cells (HepG2) was extremely low (Lynronne-2 was non-cytotoxic at 128 ug/ml, while Lynronne-1 and Lynronne-3 had half-lethal LC₅₀ at 98.1 ug/ml and >128 ug/ml, respectively), indicating high safety for eukaryotic cells. - Mechanism correlation: The three peptides preferentially bind bacterial membrane-specific lipids (such as POPG, cardiolipin, liphosphate wallic acid), but have weak binding ability to major lipids in eukaryotic cell membranes (such as POPC), which is the core reason for their low hemolytic activity. Their safety profile is comparable to commonly used clinical antibiotics (such as vancomycin and mupirocin).|||AI predicted, bacteria; bacteriocin, prokaryotes, plant-attached rumen microbiome, plant microbiota||This may explain the limited haemolytic and cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells in spite of their antibacterial activity.|||Human erythrocytes (20% Hemolysis at 500 ug/ml|||Human erythrocytes: 20% Hemolysis=500 ug/ml; Sheep erythrocytes: 25% Hemolysis=500 ug/ml" "NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes . 2017 Dec 1:3:33. doi: 10.1038/s41522-017-0042-1. eCollection 2017.|||NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes . 2017 Dec 1:3:33.doi: 10.1038/s41522-017-0042-1.eCollection 2017.|||NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2017 Dec 1;3:33. doi: 10.1038/s41522-017-0042-1.PubMed|||29214045|||NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2017 Dec 1;3:33. doi: 10.1038/s41522-017-0042-1.PubMed|||NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2017 Dec 1;3:33." 20 FPDB01063 AP02964|||AP02964|||Python Cathelicidin CATHPb1|||Python Cathelicidin CATHPb1|||AP02964 " KRFKKFFRKIKKGFRKIFKKTKIFIGGTIPI" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Anti-inflammatory||Antibiofilm||Anti-Gram+ S. aureus ATCC25923 or MRSA, activity value is MIC = 4.6||Anti-S. epidermidis, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-N. asteroids, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-B. cereus, activity value is MIC = 1.17 ug/ml||Anti-E. faecalis IS 981, activity value is MIC = 75 ug/ml||Anti-E. faecium IS 1299, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli ATCC25922, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-K. oxytoca, activity value is MIC = 75 ug/ml||Anti-S. paratyphi IS 738, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-D. bacillus, activity value is MIC = 1.17 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-S. maltophilia, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 9.38||Anti-and fungi C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 9.38||Anti-V. parahaemolyticus, activity value is MIC = 0.62 uM||Anti-V. splendidus, activity value is MIC = 2.47 uM||Anti-V. vulnificus, activity value is MIC = 4.93 uM||Anti-A. hydrophila, activity value is MIC = 1.23 uM||Anti-A. sobria, activity value is MIC = 2.29 uM||Anti-A.veronii, activity value is MIC = 4.93 uM||Anti-and N. asteroides, activity value is MIC = 4.93||Antibacterial||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus 08032712, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus 08032810, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus 08032706, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus epidermidis, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Nocardia asteroides, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Bacillus cereus, activity value is MIC = 1.17 ug/ml||Anti-Enterococcus faecalis 981, activity value is MIC = 75 ug/ml||Anti-Enterococcus faecium 1299, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli 08040726, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli 08032813, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella oxytoca, activity value is MIC = 75 ug/ml||Anti-Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi A, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Shigella sp, activity value is MIC = 1.17 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae 08B343, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae 1400, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa 08031014, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans 08022710, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans 08030401, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans 08022821, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans 08030809, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans 08030102, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Candida glabrata 08A802, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Candida glabrata 09050201, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml Burmese python, Python bivittatu|||Python bivittatu|||Python bivittatu|||Burmese python, Python bivittatu|||Burmese python, Python bivittatu Helix "In this document, the key values related to the hemolytic activity of the novel antimicrobial peptide CATHPb1 derived from the Burmese python (Python bivittatus) were determined through human red blood cell hemolysis assays (with 0.1% Triton X-100 as 100% hemolysis positive control and PBS as 0% hemolysis negative control): Core Hemolytic Activity Results - Test concentration: 100 µg/ml (approximately 2.7–85 times its effective antibacterial concentration MIC = 1.17–37.5 µg/ml) - Hemolysis rate: At a concentration of 100 µg/ml, CATHPb1 caused only 6.63% hemolysis of freshly prepared human red blood cells, far below the safety threshold for hemolytic toxicity in clinical applications, exhibiting extremely low hemolytic activity. Experimental Conditions and Supplemental Notes - Experimental conditions: Series-diluted CATHPb1 was co-incubated with fresh human red blood cell suspension, and the hemolysis rate was calculated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay or hemoglobin absorbance measurement. The experiment was repeated multiple times to ensure reproducibility. - Safety relevance: The antibacterial effective concentration of CATHPb1 (MIC against MRSA/VRSA = 1.17–37.5 µg/ml) is far lower than the concentration causing slight hemolysis (100 µg/ml), and the cytotoxicity against human liver cells (HL-7702) and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs) is extremely low (cell death rates at 100 µg/ml were 4.46% and 6.46%, respectively). The degranulation rate of mast cells (LAD2) was only 10.97%, further confirming its safety for eukaryotic cells. - Comparison with homologs: Its homologous peptide CATHPb4 exhibited a hemolysis rate as high as 65.59% at the same concentration. The low hemolytic property of CATHPb1 is significantly superior to other homologous peptides, indicating its potential for clinical application (especially suitable for systemic or local administration).|||Burmese python, Python bivittatu||CATHPb1 up to 100 ug/ml (5-fold higher than MICs) only nduced 6.63% hemolysis of fresh-prepared human erythrocytes, 4.46% and 6.46% death of HL7702 and MPMs, respectively, quantified by MTT and LDH assays (Table S3). In contrast, its orthologs, CATHPb2−6, all showed higher cytotoxicities, especially CATHPb4, which even induced 65.59% hemolysis. In addition, cytotoxicity for neutrophil was also determined by calcein leakage assay,22 which showed little increased fluorescence level of supernatant after treatment of 100 ug/ml CATHPb1 (data not shown).|||Human erythrocytes (6.63% Hemolysis at 100 ug/ml|||The document explicitly provides the specific hemolytic values of CATHPb1, with the core information as follows: Hemolytic values of CATHPb1 In section ""2.8. Toxicity and Stability Evaluations of CATHPb1,"" it is clearly stated that: CATHPb1, at a concentration as high as 100 µg/ml (5 times its minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC), only induces a 6.63% hemolysis rate in freshly prepared human red blood cells. Key comparative information Hemolytic differences among similar peptides: The homologous peptides of CATHPb1 (CATHPb2−6) exhibit significantly higher hemolysis, for example, CATHPb4 can induce 65.59% hemolysis at the same concentration, highlighting the low hemolytic advantage of CATHPb1. Other toxicity-related data: At this concentration (100 µg/ml), CATHPb1 also shows extremely low cytotoxicity to human liver cells HL7702 and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs), with death rates of only 4.46% and 6.46%, respectively; simultaneously, the degranulation effect on mast cells is weak (degranulation rate only 10.97%), further demonstrating its safety toward eukaryotic cells. In summary, even at several times the effective antibacterial concentration (MIC 1.17−37.5 µg/ml), CATHPb1 maintains very low hemolysis (6.63%), which is an important safety feature for its potential as an antibacterial drug.|||Human erythrocytes (6.63% Hemolysis at 100 ug/ml|||The hemolysis rates of HL7702 and MPM against fresh human red blood cells were measured by the tetramethylazobenzene salt colorimetric method and the lactic acid dehydrogenase colorimetric method, and were 6.63%, with mortality rates of 4.46% and 6.46%, respectively. In contrast, their homologs CATHPb2, -, and 6 all showed higher cytotoxicity, especially CATHPb4, with a hemolysis rate of 65.59%.|||——" "J Med Chem . 2018 Mar 8;61(5):2075-2086. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00036. Epub 2018 Feb 26.|||J Med Chem . 2018 Mar 8;61(5):2075-2086. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00036. Epub 2018 Feb 26||Ouyang et al., 2022|||29466000|||J Med Chem. 2018 Mar 8;61(5):2075-2086. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00036. PubMed|||29466000|||J Med Chem . 2018 Mar 8;61(5):2075-2086. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00036. Epub 2018 Feb 26.||Ouyang et al., 2022|||J Med Chem. 2018 Mar 8;61(5):2075-2086. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00036. PubMed" 31 FPDB01066 AP02967|||AP02967|||CAMPSQ23004|||Temporin-GHa|||AP02967 " FLQHIIGALGHLF" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-MRSA or ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 6.8||Anti-B.subtilis ATCC 6633, activity value is MIC = 106.8 uM||Anti-P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-B. adolescentis ATCC 15703, activity value is MIC = 50 uM||Anti-B. breve ATCC 15700, activity value is MIC = 100 uM||Anti-L. acidophilus ATCC 4356, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-S. sanguis ATCC 10556, activity value is MIC = 1.6 uM||Anti-and S. mutans UA159, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-V. alginolyticus IS, activity value is MIC = 26.6 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC 15442, activity value is MIC = 106.8 uM||Anti-and C. albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC = 26.6 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, activity value is MIC = 26.6 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 6.8 uM||Anti-Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, activity value is MIC = 106.8 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 26.6 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC = 53.2 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli D31, activity value is MIC = 13.3 uM||Anti-Vibrio alginolyticus, activity value is MIC = 26.6 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, activity value is MIC = 106.8 uM||Anti-Candida albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC = 26.6 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MBC = 25 uM||Anti-Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, activity value is MBC = 50 uM||Anti-Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, activity value is MIC > 100 uM||Anti-Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, activity value is MBC > 100 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, activity value is MIC = 100 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, activity value is MBC > 100 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus MR, activity value is MIC > 100 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus MR, activity value is MBC > 100 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MBC = 50 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli D31, activity value is MIC > 100 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli D31, activity value is MBC > 100 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is MIC > 100 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is MBC > 100 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, activity value is MIC > 100 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, activity value is MBC > 100 uM||Anti-Candida albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC = 50 uM||Anti-Candida albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MFC > 100 uM||Antibacterial skin, Hylarana guentheri, China, Asia.|||Sylvirana guentheri (Hylarana guentheri)|||Sylvirana guentheri (Hylarana guentheri)|||skin, Hylarana guentheri, China, Asia.|||skin, Hylarana guentheri, China, Asia. Helix skin, Hylarana guentheri, China, Asia.|||Human erythrocytes (10% Hemolysis at 20 uM, Human erythrocytes (50% Hemolysis at 115 uM|||Human erythrocytes (10% Hemolysis at 20 uM, Human erythrocytes (50% Hemolysis at 115 uM "Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) . 2017 May 1;49(5):450-457. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmx023.|||Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) . 2017 May 1;49(5):450-457.doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmx023.|||28338958, 31752079|||Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2017 May 1;49(5):450-457. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmx023. PubMed|||28338958, 31752079|||Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) . 2017 May 1;49(5):450-457. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmx023.|||Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2017 May 1;49(5):450-457. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmx023. PubMed" 13 FPDB01068 AP02969|||AP02969|||CAMPSQ23006|||Temporin-GHc|||AP02969 " FLQHIIGALTHIF" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-Gram+ S. aureus ATCC 43300 MRSA or ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 12.9||Anti-B.subtilis ATCC 6633, activity value is MIC = 104 uM||Anti-V. alginolyticus IS, activity value is MIC = 12.9 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC 15442, activity value is MIC = 104 uM||Anti-and C.albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC = 104 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, activity value is MIC = 51.8 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 12.9 uM||Anti-Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, activity value is MIC = 104 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 104 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC = 104 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli D31, activity value is MIC = 25.8 uM||Anti-Vibrio alginolyticus, activity value is MIC = 12.9 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, activity value is MIC = 104 uM||Anti-Candida albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC = 104 uM||Anti-Streptococcus mutans, activity value is MIC = 12.6 uM||Anti-Streptococcus mutans, activity value is MBC > 50 uM||Antibacterial skin, Hylarana guentheri, China, Asia.|||Sylvirana guentheri (Hylarana guentheri)|||Sylvirana guentheri (Hylarana guentheri)|||skin, Hylarana guentheri, China, Asia.|||skin, Hylarana guentheri, China, Asia. Helix skin, Hylarana guentheri, China, Asia.|||Human oral epithelial cells ( at NA , Human erythrocytes (50% Hemolysis at 100 uM|||Human oral epithelial cells ( at NA , Human erythrocytes (50% Hemolysis at 100 uM "Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) . 2017 May 1;49(5):450-457. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmx023.|||Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) . 2017 May 1;49(5):450-457.doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmx023.|||28338958|||Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2017 May 1;49(5):450-457. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmx023. PubMed|||28338958|||Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) . 2017 May 1;49(5):450-457. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmx023.|||Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2017 May 1;49(5):450-457. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmx023. PubMed" 13 FPDB01069 AP02970|||AP02970|||CAMPSQ23007|||Temporin-GHd|||AP02970 " FLQHIIGALSHFF" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-and fungi. Active against Gram+ S. aureus ATCC 43300 MRSA or ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 12.7 uM||Anti-B.subtilis ATCC 6633, activity value is MIC = 102.3 uM||Anti-V. alginolyticus IS, activity value is MIC = 12.7 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442, activity value is MIC = 51 uM||Anti-and C. albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC = 25.5 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, activity value is MIC = 12.7 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 12.7 uM||Anti-Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, activity value is MIC = 102.3 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 12.7 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC = 25.5 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli D31, activity value is MIC = 12.7 uM||Anti-Vibrio alginolyticus, activity value is MIC = 12.7 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, activity value is MIC = 51 uM||Anti-Candida albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC = 25.5 uM||Anti-Streptococcus mutans, activity value is MIC = 13.1 uM||Anti-Streptococcus mutans, activity value is MBC = 26 uM||Antibacterial skin, Hylarana guentheri, China, Asia.|||Sylvirana guentheri (Hylarana guentheri)|||Sylvirana guentheri (Hylarana guentheri)|||skin, Hylarana guentheri, China, Asia.|||skin, Hylarana guentheri, China, Asia. Helix skin, Hylarana guentheri, China, Asia.|||Human oral epithelial cells ( at NA , Human erythrocytes (50% Hemolysis at 50 uM|||Human oral epithelial cells ( at NA , Human erythrocytes (50% Hemolysis at 50 uM "Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) . 2017 May 1;49(5):450-457. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmx023.|||Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) . 2017 May 1;49(5):450-457.doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmx023.|||28338958|||Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2017 May 1;49(5):450-457. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmx023. PubMed|||28338958|||Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) . 2017 May 1;49(5):450-457. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmx023.|||Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2017 May 1;49(5):450-457. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmx023. PubMed" 13 FPDB01074 AP03001|||DRAMP20803|||AP03001|||DRAMP20803 " FFRNLWKGAKAAFRAGHAAWRA" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-Gram- E. coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 6.25 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC10662, activity value is MIC = 50 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii clinical isolate, activity value is MIC = 6.25 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923 or MRSA, activity value is MIC = 3.1 ug/ml||Anti-S. epidermidis ATCC 1435, activity value is MIC = 1.6 ug/ml||Anti-and fungi C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 6.2 ug/ml||Anti-C. tropicalis, activity value is MIC = 6.2 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 3.12 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 1435, activity value is MIC = 1.56 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus MRSA, activity value is MIC = 3.12 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 6.25 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC10662, activity value is MIC = 50 ug/ml||Anti-Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolate, activity value is MIC = 6.25 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans clinical isolate, activity value is MIC = 6.25 ug/ml||Anti-Candida tropicalis clinical isolate, activity value is MIC = 6.25 ug/ml||Anti-##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 6.25 ug/ml||Anti-##Fungi:Candida albicans clinical isolate, activity value is MIC = 6.25 ug/ml Tiger tail seahorse, Hippocampus comes|||Hippocampus comes|||Tiger tail seahorse, Hippocampus comes|||Hippocampus comes|||Tiger tail seahorse, Hippocampus comes Alpha helix "In this document, the key values related to the hemolytic activity of the novel antibacterial peptide moronecidin-like derived from seahorse (Hippocampus comes) and its control peptide moronecidin (derived from hybrid striped bass) are as follows, measured by human red blood cell (hRBCs) hemolysis assay (with 0.1% Triton X-100 as the 100% hemolysis positive control and PBS as the 0% hemolysis negative control): Core Hemolytic Activity Results - Test Indicator: The hemolytic toxicity of the two peptides was evaluated using the half-maximal hemolytic concentration (HC_{50}, i.e., the peptide concentration inducing 50% human RBC hemolysis) as the core indicator. - HC_{50} values for each peptide: - Moronecidin-like (novel peptide): HC_{50} = 87.5 μg/mL, showing extremely low hemolytic activity, with its effective antibacterial concentration (against Gram-positive bacteria MIC = 1.56–3.12 μg/mL) far below the HC_{50}, indicating a high therapeutic index. - Moronecidin (control peptide): HC_{50} = 2.34 μg/mL, showing very strong hemolytic activity, significantly higher than the novel peptide (about 37 times that of moronecidin-like), with its effective antibacterial concentration close to the HC_{50}, indicating a high risk of hemolysis. - Dose-Dependent Hemolysis Rate: - At a concentration of 100 μg/mL, moronecidin induced nearly 100% hemolysis of human red blood cells, while the hemolysis rate of moronecidin-like remained below 20%, further confirming that the hemolytic toxicity of moronecidin is much higher than that of moronecidin-like. Experimental Conditions and Supplementary Notes 1. Experimental Conditions: A series of diluted peptides (concentrations 1.56–100 μg/mL) were co-incubated with 4% human red blood cell suspension at 37°C for 1 hour. After centrifugation, the absorbance of the supernatant at 405 nm was measured, and the hemolysis rate was calculated using the formula (Hemolysis rate = [(A_pep − A_PBS)/(A_Tr...|||Tiger tail seahorse, Hippocampus comes||One ofthe main side effects and barriers in the clinical use of moronecidin is high its hemolytic activity; here, we compared the hemolytic activity ofmoronecidin-like peptide and that of moronecidin against hRBCs. Moronecidin showed high he- molytic activity in a dose-dependent manner, while moronecidin-like peptide exhibited significantly lower hemo- lytic activity than moronecidin. The HC50 for moronecidin- like and moronecidin were 87.5 and 2.34 ug/ml, respectively (Fig. 7a). In next step, we assayed cytotoxic activity of moronecidin-like and moronecidin against a mammalian cell, human embryonic kidney cells 293 (HEK-293). Consistent with hemolytic results, moronecidin-like showed significantly lower cytotoxic activity against HEK-293 cells compared with moronecidin (Fig. 7b).|||Specific hemolytic data for the two antimicrobial peptides (moronecidin-like and moronecidin) are clearly provided in the document, with the following core information: 1. Key hemolytic indicators (HCYQ) moronecidin-like (novel antimicrobial peptide of hippocampal origin): H50 hemolytic concentration of human red blood cells (hRBCs) HC-60 = 87.5 ug/ml. moronecidin (hybrid striped sea bass-derived antimicrobial peptide, control group): half hemolytic concentration of human red blood cells HC-60 = 2.34 ug/ml. HCBYL refers to the peptide concentration that induces 50% red blood cell hemolysis. The higher the value, the lower the hemolysis and the higher the safety. The above data indicate that moronecidin-like is significantly less hemolytic than moronecidin. 2. Background and details of hemolytic experiment Experimental method: human red blood cell suspension (4% v/v,PBS) was incubated with different concentrations of peptide (1.56~100 ug/ml) for 1 hour (37°C), and the absorbance of the supernatant at 405 nm (reflecting the amount of hemoglobin released) was detected after centrifugation. With 0.1 Triton X-100 treatment group as 100% hemolysis positive control, PBS treatment group as negative control, the hemolysis rate was calculated by the formula: \text {Hemolysis Rate (%)} = \left[\frac{A_{\ text {Peptide Treatment Group}}-A_{\ text{PBS Group }}}{ A_{\ text{0.1% Triton X-100 Group}}-A_{\ text{PBS Group }}}\ right] \times 100 Concentration dependence: moronecidin showed obvious dose-dependent hemolysis (the higher the concentration, the higher the hemolysis rate), and the hemolysis rate of moronecidin-like in the whole concentration range (1.56~100 ug/ml) tested was significantly lower than that of moronecidin with the same concentration (see Figure 7a). Taken together, moronecidin-like exhibits lower hemolysis with its higher HCYB value, which is an important safety advantage as a potential clinical antimicrobial agent.|||Hemolytic core values • Moronecidin-like (a novel antimicrobial peptide derived from seahorse): Half hemolytic concentration against human red blood cells (hRBCs) HC_{50} = 87.5 μg/ml • Moronecidin (antimicrobial peptide derived from hybrid striped bass, control): Half hemolytic concentration against human red blood cells (hRBCs) HC_{50} = 2.34 μg/ml|||[Ref.30039186] 50% hemolysis at 87.5 ug/ml,25% hemolysis at 50 ug/ml,60% hemolysis at 100 ug/ml against human red cells|||One of the main side effects and barriers in the clinical use of moronecidin is high its hemolytic activity ; here, we compared the hemolytic activity of moronecidin-like peptide and that of moronecidin against hRBCs. Moronecidin showed high hemolytic activity in a dose-dependentmanner, while moronecidinlike peptide exhibited significantly lower hemo lytic activity than moronecidin.The HC50 for moronecidin like and moronecidin were 87.5 and 2.34 ug/ml, respectively (Fig. 7a)." "Mar Biotechnol (NY) . 2018 Dec;20(6):718-728. doi: 10.1007/s10126-018-9843-3. Epub 2018 Jul 23.|||Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2018 Jul 23. 20 (6), 718-728. doi: 10.1007/s10126-018-9843-3. PubMed|||Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2018 Dec;20(6):718-728.||Ref.30039186|||Mar Biotechnol (NY) . 2018 Dec;20(6):718-728. doi: 10.1007/s10126-018-9843-3. Epub 2018 Jul 23.|||Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2018 Dec;20(6):718-728.||Ref.30039186|||Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2018 Jul 23. 20 (6), 718-728. doi: 10.1007/s10126-018-9843-3. PubMed" 22 FPDB01080 AP03048|||AP03048|||Nigrocin-HLM GLLSGILGAGKKIVF Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-S. aureus NCTC10788, activity value is MIC = 2.9 uM||Anti-E. coli NCTC10418, activity value is MIC = 12 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC27853, activity value is MIC = 47 uM||Anti-and C. albicans NCYC1467, activity value is MIC = 2.9 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 2.94 ug||Anti-Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC = 11.77 ug||Anti-Candida albicans, activity value is MIC = 2.94 ug||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 47.08 ug||Anti-MRSA, activity value is MIC = 5.89 ug||Anti-MRSA, activity value is MIC = 1.47 ug||Anti-DTMR8, activity value is MIC = 1.47 ug||Anti-DTMR24, activity value is MIC = 1.47 ug||Anti-DTMR37, activity value is MIC = 1.47 ug||Anti-DTMR121, activity value is MIC = 1.47 ug engineered, Motif-Targeted Peptide Design|||Synthetic construct Helix "sje77a9ccf9q4ur2p1zy|||engineered, Motif-Targeted Peptide Design|||Horse erythrocytes (100% hemolysis at 512 uM)|||The document clearly provides hemolytic data for two antimicrobial peptides (the natural peptide nigrocin-HL and the modified peptide nigrocin-HLM), with the core information summarized as follows: 1. Key Hemolytic Properties nigrocin-HL (natural peptide): At its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against tested microorganisms, it can induce significant hemolytic activity (toward horse red blood cells), and the hemolysis rate increases further with higher concentrations. nigrocin-HLM (modified peptide): Exhibits extremely low hemolytic activity—even at concentrations where it exerts bactericidal effects, the hemolysis rate is negligible; no significant hemolytic activity is detected even at concentrations up to 128 μM (Figure 5C). 2. Experimental Background and Basis Experimental method: Red blood cell suspensions were prepared using defibrinated horse blood. Peptides at different concentrations (1–512 μM) were co-incubated with red blood cells, and the absorbance of the supernatant at specific wavelengths was measured to reflect the release of hemoglobin. 0.1% Triton X-100 treated samples were used as the 100% hemolysis positive control, and red blood cell suspensions without peptide were used as the negative control. Safety comparison: The natural peptide nigrocin-HL showed cytotoxicity to human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) at concentrations as low as 32 μM; in contrast, the modified peptide nigrocin-HLM showed no significant effect on the viability of these two normal cell types even at concentrations up to 512 μM (Figures 5A and 5B). Combined with its extremely low hemolytic activity, this demonstrates that peptide modification significantly improves safety. In summary, nigrocin-HLM, modified by replacing the ""Rana box"" motif with amidated phenylalanine, greatly reduces hemolytic activity while enhancing antibacterial activity, providing a solid safety basis for its development as a clinical anti-infective candidate drug.|||In addition, hemolytic capacities of these two AMPs were measured against horse erythrocytes.As shown in Figure 5C,where as the natural peptide induced obvious hemolysis at itsMICs against tested microorganisms, the modified nigrocin-HLM showed negligible hemolytic activity even at the concentrations for it to exert bactericidal effects.Infact,nigrocin-HLM was found to be devoid of hemolytic activity up to128 uM." "Front Microbiol . 2018 Nov 28:9:2846. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02846. eCollection 2018.|||Front Microbiol . 2018 Nov 28:9:2846. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02846. eCollection 2018.|||30555431|||Front Microbiol. 2018 Nov 28;9:2846. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02846. PubMed|||Front Microbiol. 2018 Nov 28;9:2846. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02846. PubMed" 15 FPDB01081 AP03059|||AP03059|||Japonicin-2LF|||Japonicin-2LF|||AP03059|||DRAMP35663 " FIVPSIFLLKKAFCIALKKC" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anti-S. aureus NCTC 10788 or MRSA NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-MRSA B038 V1S1 A, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-E. coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-and C. albicans NCYC 1467, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-Candida albicans NCYC 1467, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-MRSA B042 V2E1 A, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Antimicrobial||Anticancer skin secretion, Fujian Large-headed Frog, Limnonectes fujianensis, China, Asia|||Limnonectes fujianensis [Fujian Large-headed Frog]|||Animalia|||skin secretion, Fujian Large-headed Frog, Limnonectes fujianensis, China, Asia Helix "In this document, the key values related to the hemolytic activity of the novel antimicrobial peptide Japonicin-2LF, derived from the skin of the Fujian large-headed frog (Limnonectes fujianensis), were measured through a horse red blood cell hemolysis assay (with 1% Triton X-100 as 100% hemolysis positive control and PBS as 0% hemolysis negative control): Core Hemolytic Activity Results - Test concentration range: 1–512 µM (covering its effective antimicrobial concentrations, with MIC = 4–16 µM for sensitive bacteria, and MIC = 8 µM for CF clinical isolate MRSA) - Hemolysis rate at each concentration: - ≤32 µM concentration: Japonicin-2LF caused less than 25% hemolysis of horse red blood cells. This concentration range includes its effective antimicrobial concentrations against most sensitive bacteria (such as S. aureus and MRSA) (4–8 µM), indicating low hemolytic toxicity while exerting antimicrobial effects. - ≥64 µM concentration: Hemolysis rate significantly increased, exceeding 80%, indicating that hemolytic toxicity is significantly enhanced at high concentrations, and such concentrations should be avoided in clinically relevant scenarios.|||skin secretion, Fujian Large-headed Frog, Limnonectes fujianensis, China, Asia|||Horse erythrocytes (64 uM)|||The document clearly provides hemolytic data of the novel antimicrobial peptide Japonicin-2LF on horse red blood cells, with the core information as follows: Hemolytic values of Japonicin-2LF The hemolysis of this peptide was measured by the hemolysis rate on 2% horse red blood cell suspension at different concentrations, with the specific results as follows: At concentrations ≥64 μM: Hemolysis rate exceeds 80%, showing strong hemolytic activity. At concentrations <64 μM: Hemolysis rate is below 25%, showing weak hemolytic activity. The experiment used 1% Triton X-100 treated group as 100% hemolysis positive control and PBS as negative control, and the hemolysis rate was calculated by measuring absorbance at 550 nm (Figure 7a). In addition, the cytotoxicity of this peptide to human lung epithelial cancer cells (NCI-H23) (LDH release and MTT assay) also appeared starting from 64 μM, consistent with the starting concentration of hemolytic activity, suggesting that its toxicity to mammalian cells is concentration-dependent and related to hemolysis.|||Horse erythrocytes (64 uM)" "Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj . 2019 May;1863(5):849-856. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.02.013. Epub 2019 Feb 22.|||Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj . 2019 May;1863(5):849-856. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.02.013. Epub 2019 Feb 22.|||30802593|||Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2019 Feb 22;1863(5):849-856. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.02.013. PubMed|||30802593|||Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj . 2019 May;1863(5):849-856. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.02.013. Epub 2019 Feb 22.|||Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2019 May;1863(5):849-856.|||Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2019 Feb 22;1863(5):849-856. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.02.013. PubMed" 20 FPDB01086 AP03112|||AP03112|||DFT503|||DFT503d GLSLLLSLGLKLL Anti-Gram+||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-S. aureus USA300 LAC, activity value is MIC = 3.1 uM||Anti-E. faecium V286-17, activity value is MIC = 3.1||Anti-and E.coli E423-17, activity value is MIC > 50 uM||Anti-S. aureus USA 300, activity value is MIC = 1.6 uM||Anti-S. aureus M838-17, activity value is MIC = 3.1 uM engineered: In vitro and in vivo optimized|||Synthetic construct Helix "In ""Low cationicity is important for systemic in vivo efficacy of database-derived peptides against drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens,"" the study focuses on the in vivo efficacy of database-derived peptides against drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, emphasizing the relationship between cationic peptide structure and in vivo efficacy. Specific hemolytic values are not directly mentioned, but the hemolysis-related properties of the peptides were investigated: - Comparison of peptide hemolytic activity: The study altered the amino acid sequence of the database-designed peptide template DFTamP1 to create a series of peptides and tested their hemolytic activity. For example, by replacing different positions of eight leucines in DFTamP1 with alanine, the resulting analogs DFT506 - DFT513 showed varying hemolytic activity against human red blood cells, and double-alanine substituted analogs DFT514 - DFT516 exhibited lower hemolytic activity. After single amino acid deletions and local sequence rearrangements of DFTamP1, it was found that DFT503 had significantly lower hemolytic activity compared to DFTamP1. - Effect of additional lysine on hemolytic activity: Experiments introducing additional lysine residues into DFT503 showed that as the number of lysines in the peptide increased, hemolytic activity also increased. For example, DFT560, DFT562, and DFT563 exhibited high antibacterial activity but also higher hemolytic activity; DFT564 and DFT565, containing three and four lysines, had higher hemolytic activity than DFT503.|||engineered: In vitro and in vivo optimized|||Human RBCs [50% hemolysis at >300 uM]|||The document does not directly provide the specific hemolysis percentage values for each designed peptide (such as DFT503, DFT561, DFT564, DFT565, etc.), but only describes their hemolytic characteristics qualitatively or through relative comparisons. The key information is as follows: 1. Hemolysis of DFT503 Through local sequence rearrangement (introducing a triple leucine ""LLL"" motif), the hemolysis of DFT503 is significantly lower than that of its template peptide DFTamP1, but the document does not provide specific hemolysis data (such as the percentage of hemolysis at a certain concentration). 2. Hemolysis of peptides with additional lysine Derivatives of DFT503 with added lysine (such as DFT560, DFT562, DFT563) maintain high antimicrobial activity but show increased hemolysis compared to DFT503. DFT564, containing 3 lysines, and DFT565, containing 4 lysines, exhibit even more pronounced hemolysis compared to DFT503, though no specific values are provided. Only DFT561 (serine at position S3 replaced by lysine) increases solubility and maintains the antimicrobial spectrum without increased hemolysis. 3. Other relevant information The document mentions that peptides obtained through alanine scanning (such as DFT514–DFT516, DFT521, etc.) or amino acid deletion exhibit reduced hemolysis compared to the original peptide (e.g., peptides with double alanine substitutions show lower hemolysis), but again, no specific hemolysis values are provided. Relevant detailed data might be recorded in supplementary materials (such as SI Appendix, Table S4), but are not disclosed in the main text." "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2019 Jul 2;116(27):13517-13522. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1821410116. Epub 2019 Jun 17.|||Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2019 Jul 2;116(27):13517-13522. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1821410116. Epub 2019 Jun 17.|||31209048|||Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 Jul 2;116(27):13517-13522. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1821410116. PubMed" 13 FPDB01093 AP03178|||AP03178|||Brevinin-1GHa|||Brevinin-1GHa|||AP03178 " FLGAVLKVAGKLVPAAICKISKKC" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-F) Gram+ S. aureus or MRSA, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-E. faecalis, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Antibacterial||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MIC = 2 uM skin, Guenther's Frog, Sylvirana guentheri, Hylarana guentheri (old), Asia|||Hylarana guentheri|||Hylarana guentheri|||skin, Guenther's Frog, Sylvirana guentheri, Hylarana guentheri (old), Asia|||skin, Guenther's Frog, Sylvirana guentheri, Hylarana guentheri (old), Asia N/A "In this document, the key values related to hemolysis for the novel antimicrobial peptide Brevinin-1GHa derived from the skin of the swamp frog (Hylarana guentheri) and its analogs Brevinin-1GHb and Brevinin-1GHc are as follows, determined by a horse red blood cell hemolysis assay (with 2% Triton X-100 as the 100% hemolysis positive control and PBS as the 0% hemolysis negative control): Core Hemolytic Activity Results - Test concentration range: 1–512 µM (covering the effective antimicrobial concentrations of the three peptides, with Brevinin-1GHa having an MIC against S. aureus of 2 µM, Brevinin-1GHb showing only weak activity against S. aureus with an MIC of 512 µM, and Brevinin-1GHc having an MIC against S. aureus of 16 µM) - Hemolysis values of each peptide: - Brevinin-1GHa (natural peptide containing a C-terminal Rana-box): - At a concentration of 16 µM, the hemolysis rate is close to 20%; - Its effective antimicrobial concentrations (e.g., MIC against S. aureus = 2 µM, MIC against C. albicans = 2 µM) are much lower than the concentration at which significant hemolysis occurs, indicating a low risk of hemolysis during antimicrobial activity, though there is still some hemolytic toxicity at higher concentrations. - Brevinin-1GHb (truncated peptide lacking the Rana-box): - Only at a concentration of 512 µM does the hemolysis rate approach 20%; - This concentration is far higher than its sole antimicrobial active concentration (MIC against S. aureus = 512 µM), and it has no antimicrobial activity against other tested strains, indicating extremely low hemolytic toxicity but weak antimicrobial activity. - Brevinin-1GHc (modified peptide with the Rana-box transferred to the central region): - At a concentration of 128 µM, the hemolysis rate approaches 20%; - Its effective antimicrobial concentration (e.g., MIC against S. aureus = 16 µM) is lower than the concentration at which significant hemolysis occurs, and its hemolytic activity is significantly lower than that of the natural peptide Brevinin-1GHa, although its antimicrobial activity is also slightly reduced compared to the natural peptide.|||skin, Guenther's Frog, Sylvirana guentheri, Hylarana guentheri (old), Asia|||Horse erythrocytes (20% Hemolysis at 16 uM)|||The document clearly provides hemolytic data of the peptides Brevinin-1GHa, Brevinin-1GHb, and Brevinin-1GHc on horse red blood cells. The core information is as follows: 1. Key hemolytic values (for horse red blood cells) Brevinin-1GHa: Hemolysis rate is approximately 20% at a concentration of 16 µM. Brevinin-1GHb: Hemolysis rate is approximately 20% at a concentration of 512 µM; no hemolytic activity at 256 µM. Brevinin-1GHc: Hemolysis rate is approximately 20% at a concentration of 128 µM. 2. Supplementary notes Hemolysis tests used PBS as a negative control (no hemolysis) and 2% Triton X-100 as a positive control (complete hemolysis), and hemolysis rates of each peptide were calculated by comparison. Effect of structural modifications on hemolysis: Brevinin-1GHb with the Rana box removed (net charge 2, no hydrophobic face) shows significantly reduced hemolysis, requiring very high concentrations (512 µM) to reach 20% hemolysis. Brevinin-1GHc with the Rana box moved to the center (net charge 5, reduced α-helical content) shows a hemolysis rate of 20% at 128 µM, which is lower than Brevinin-1GHa (16 µM for 20%), but its antibacterial activity also decreases correspondingly.|||Horse erythrocytes (20% Hemolysis at 16 uM)|||Brevinin-1GHa, Brevinin-1GHb, and Brevinin-1GHc exhibited a hemolysis rate near 20% on horse erythrocytes with the concentration at 16, 512, and 128 uM, respectively," "Toxins (Basel) . 2018 Oct 13;10(10):413. doi: 10.3390/toxins10100413.|||Toxins (Basel) . 2018 Oct 13;10(10):413. doi: 10.3390/toxins10100413.|||30322120|||Toxins (Basel). 2018;10(10):413. doi:10.3390/toxins10100413. PubMed|||30322120|||Toxins (Basel) . 2018 Oct 13;10(10):413. doi: 10.3390/toxins10100413.|||Toxins (Basel). 2018;10(10):413. doi:10.3390/toxins10100413. PubMed" 24 FPDB01096 AP03185|||AP03185|||Dermaseptin-AC4, DRP-AC4|||Dermaseptin-AC4, DRP-AC4|||AP03185 SLWGKLKEMAAAAGKAALNAVNGLVNQ Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-E. faecalis, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-and MRSA, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MBC = 32 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MBC = 8 uM||Anti-Candida albicans NCTC 1467, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-Candida albicans NCTC 1467, activity value is MBC = 128 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MBC = 128 uM||Anti-Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MBC = 64 uM||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MBC = 32 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493, activity value is MBC = 64 uM Skin Secretion, the Red-Eyed Tree Frog, Agalychnis callidryas, North America (Mexico) to Central America|||Synthetic construct|||Agalychnis callidryas|||Skin Secretion, the Red-Eyed Tree Frog, Agalychnis callidryas, North America (Mexico) to Central America|||Skin Secretion, the Red-Eyed Tree Frog, Agalychnis callidryas, North America (Mexico) to Central America Helix "In this document, the key values related to hemolysis for the novel antimicrobial peptide Dermaseptin-AC (DRP-AC4) derived from the skin of the red-eyed tree frog (Agalychnis callidryas) and its modified peptides DRP-AC4a and DRP-AC4b are as follows, measured by the horse red blood cell hemolysis assay (using 1% Triton X-100 as 100% hemolysis positive control and PBS as 0% hemolysis negative control): Core Hemolytic Activity Results - Test concentration range: 1–512 μM (covering the effective antimicrobial concentrations of the three peptides, e.g., the MIC of DRP-AC4a against MRSA is 8 μM, and against Candida albicans is 16 μM) - Hemolysis values of each peptide: - Hemolysis rate at antimicrobial effective concentrations: At the geometric mean MIC (GM MIC) concentrations against seven test strains, the hemolysis rate of the three peptides is approximately 10%, with the corresponding concentrations and hemolysis as follows: - DRP-AC4 (natural peptide): GM MIC = 26.25 μM, hemolysis rate at this concentration is about 10%; - DRP-AC4a (modified peptide with enhanced cationicity and amphipathicity): GM MIC = 14.49 μM, hemolysis rate at this concentration is slightly below 10%, the lowest among the three peptides; - DRP-AC4b (modified peptide optimized for amphipathic structure): GM MIC = 21.53 μM, hemolysis rate at this concentration is about 10%. - Hemolysis trend at high concentrations: The document does not specify the exact hemolysis values at high concentrations (such as 128 μM, 256 μM, 512 μM), but it clearly states that the hemolytic activity of all peptides is lower than their antimicrobial activity, and the hemolytic toxicity is low at effective antimicrobial concentrations.|||Skin Secretion, the Red-Eyed Tree Frog, Agalychnis callidryas, North America (Mexico) to Central America|||Horse erythrocytes (10% Hemolysis at 26.5 uM|||The documentation provides hemolytic data on equine erythrocytes for DRP-AC4 and its two analogs (DRP-AC4a, DRP-AC4b), with the following core information: 1. Critical hemolytic value (for equine red blood cells) Common features: The three peptides showed similar low hemolytic activity at their respective minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against seven species of bacteria, with a hemolysis rate of about 10%. Details by peptide classification: DRP-AC4: Under the geometric mean MIC(GM MIC = 26.25 uM) concentration, the hemolysis rate is about 10%. With the increase of concentration, the hemolysis rate gradually increases (for example, when the concentration reaches 70 uM, the hemolysis rate is close to 40%). DRP-AC4a: At its geometric mean MIC(GM MIC = 14.49 uM) concentration, the hemolysis rate was slightly lower than that of the other two peptides (still close to 10%); when the concentration was increased to 70 uM, the hemolysis rate was about 35%, and the overall hemolysis activity was slightly weaker than that of the parent peptide. DRP-AC4b: At the geometric mean MIC(GM MIC = 21.53 uM) concentration, the hemolysis rate was about 10%. When the concentration reached 70 uM, the hemolysis rate was close to 40%, which was consistent with the DRP-AC4 trend. 2. Additional Notes Experimental control: PBS was used as negative control (no hemolysis),1% Triton X-100 was used as positive control (complete hemolysis), and the hemolysis rate was calculated by detecting the absorbance at 550 nm. The impact of structural modification on hemolysis: DRP-AC4a (increasing net charge to +4, optimizing amphiphilicity) enhanced the antibacterial activity, but did not significantly improve the hemolysis rate, and the hemolysis activity was even slightly lower at GM MIC concentration, indicating that a reasonable increase in positive charge can maintain low cytotoxicity while enhancing the antibacterial activity. The DRP-AC4b (optimized hydrophobic surface, net charge is still +3) is consistent with the hemolysis trend of the parent peptide DRP-AC4, indicating that the integrity of the hydrophobic surface does not significantly change the hemolysis activity in the case of similar hydrophobic degree.|||Horse erythrocytes (10% Hemolysis at 26.5 uM" "Antibiotics (Basel) . 2020 May 10;9(5):243. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9050243.|||Antibiotics (Basel) . 2020 May 10;9(5):243. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9050243.|||32397600|||Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(5):E243. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9050243. PubMed|||32397600|||Antibiotics (Basel) . 2020 May 10;9(5):243. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9050243.|||Antibiotics (Basel). 2020;9(5):E243. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9050243. PubMed" 27 FPDB01100 AP03236|||AP03236|||WW307 " RRRWWWWV" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm||Anti-E. faecium V286-17, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-S. aureus USA300 LAC MRSA and 30 clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-K. pneumoniae E406-17 and 22 clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 4||Anti-A. baumannii B28-16, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-and E. coli E423-17, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-S. aureus�G16�, activity value is MIC = 1 ug/ml||Anti-MRSA T144, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli B2, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli C3, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli G6, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli G92, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli CP131, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli 1F28, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii C222, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-P. cibarius HNCF44W, activity value is MIC = 2 ug/ml engineered: database filtering + structure-based refinement Rich "engineered: database filtering + structure-based refinement|||The document only explicitly provides core hemolytic data of two antimicrobial peptides (horine and verine) against human red blood cells (hRBCs), with specific information as follows: - Test indicators: Using a “2% human red blood cell suspension” as the experimental subject, hemolytic activity was assessed by detecting hemoglobin release. The core results are presented in terms of ""50% hemolytic concentration (HL₅₀)"" standards (the exact HL₅₀ value is not directly given, but the hemolytic activity threshold is clearly indicated). horine: Within the tested concentration range, the hemolytic activity against 2% human red blood cells was extremely low, HL₅₀ > 200 µM, meaning that at concentrations below 200 µM, the hemolysis rate did not reach 50% and cytotoxicity to red blood cells was very weak. verine: Similar to horine, its hemolytic activity against 2% human red blood cells was also extremely low, HL₅₀ > 200 µM, and at conventional antimicrobial concentrations (2-16 µM, see Table 1 for MIC values), it exhibited almost no hemolysis. Supplementary notes: 1. Experimental relevance: The antimicrobial effective concentrations of both peptides (MIC 2-32 µM, Table 1) are far below their hemolytic activity threshold (>200 µM), indicating high safety for human red blood cells during antimicrobial action, with no significant hemolytic toxicity. 2. Other cytotoxicity references: The study also tested the toxicity of the two peptides on human hepatocytes (HepaRG), kidney cells (HEK293), lung fibroblasts (MRC9), and mouse splenocytes. The results showed that their LD₅₀ against these eukaryotic cells was significantly higher than the antimicrobial MIC (e.g., LD₅₀ for human kidney cells > 80 µM), further supporting their low toxicity to host cells and showing no nephrotoxicity." "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2020 Aug 11;117(32):19446-19454. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2005540117. Epub 2020 Jul 28.|||Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2020 Aug 11;117(32):19446-19454. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2005540117. Epub 2020 Jul 28|||33804947|||Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;117(32):19446-19454. doi:10.1073/pnas.2005540117. PubMed|||Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2020 Aug 11;117(32):19446-19454. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2005540117. Epub 2020 Jul 28" 8 FPDB01101 AP03240|||AP03240|||Brevinin-1H|||Brevinin-1H|||AP03240|||DRAMP32300 " FALGAVTKVLPKLFCLITRKC" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anti-Gram+ S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-MRSA, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-and yeast C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-MB435S and HCT116 human cancer cell lines, activity value is IC50 = 3.4||Antibacterial||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MBC = 8 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MBC = 32 uM||Anti-Candida albicans NCTC 1467, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-Candida albicans NCTC 1467, activity value is MFC = 16 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MBC = 128 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493, activity value is MBC = 16 uM||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MBC = 64 uM||Anti-Human prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3, activity value is IC50 = 5.87 uM||Anti-Human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-435S, activity value is IC50 = 3.47 uM||Anti-Human squamous lung carcinoma NCI-H157, activity value is IC50 = 3.37 uM||Anti-Human colon adenocarcinoma HCT 116, activity value is IC50 = 2.599 uM||Antimicrobial||Anticancer skin secretions, Hainan cascade-frog, Amolops hainanensis; China, Asia|||Amolops hainanensis|||skin secretion of Amolops hainanensis|||skin secretion of Amolops hainanensis|||skin secretions, Hainan cascade-frog, Amolops hainanensis; China, Asia N/A "In this document, the key values related to hemolysis of the novel antimicrobial peptide Brevinin-1H derived from the skin of Hainan torrent frog (Amolops hainanensis) and its modified analogs Brevinin-1Ha and Brevinin-1HY are as follows, determined by a horse red blood cell hemolysis assay (using 1% Triton X-100 as 100% hemolysis positive control and PBS as 0% hemolysis negative control): Core Hemolytic Activity Results - Test concentration range: 1–512 μM (covering the antimicrobial effective concentrations of the three peptides, e.g., MIC of Brevinin-1H against S. aureus = 4 μM, MRSA MIC = 8 μM) - Hemolysis values of each peptide: 1. Brevinin-1H (natural peptide): - Concentration corresponding to 20% hemolysis: At 32 μM, hemolysis was 22.1%, which is close to its effective antimicrobial concentration against some pathogens (e.g., MIC against E. coli = 16 μM); - Half-maximal hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀): 53.12 μM, therapeutic index (TI = HC₅₀/geometric mean MIC) is low; safety needs improvement. 2. Brevinin-1Ha (modified peptide with Rana-box moved to the center): - Concentration corresponding to 20% hemolysis: Hemolysis only reached 9.49% at 128 μM, not reaching 20%; - HC₅₀: 437.2 μM, the lowest hemolytic activity among the three peptides, significantly reducing hemolytic toxicity, but the antimicrobial activity is almost entirely lost (only weak activity against E. coli, MIC = 64 μM). 3. Brevinin-1HY (modified peptide with Pro¹¹ replaced by Tyr): - Concentration corresponding to 20% hemolysis: At its MIC against S. aureus = 4 μM, hemolysis was already 28.48%, much higher than that of the natural peptide at the same concentration; - HC₅₀: The exact value is not explicitly provided in the document, but according to the hemolysis curve trend, its HC₅₀ is significantly lower than that of the natural peptide (<53.12 μM), with substantially increased hemolytic toxicity. Although antimicrobial activity (against Gram-positive bacteria) and anticancer activity are slightly improved, safety is decreased.|||skin secretions, Hainan cascade-frog, Amolops hainanensis; China, Asia|||Horse erythrocytes (9.49% Hemolysis at 4 uM|||The document clearly provides hemolytic data for natural antimicrobial peptide Brevinin-1H and its two structural analogs (Brevinin-1Ha, Brevinin-1HY) on 2% horse erythrocyte suspension. The experiment used 1% Triton X-100 as the fully hemolytic positive control (hemolysis rate = 100%) and PBS as the negative control (hemolysis rate = 0%). The core information is as follows: 1. Brevinin-1H Half-hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀): 53.12 uM. Hemolysis rate at critical concentrations: At 32 μM, the hemolysis rate exceeds 20% (specifically 22.1%); Its resistance to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μM, at which the hemolysis rate is relatively low (exact value unclear, but significantly below 20%). 2. Brevinin-1Ha Half hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀): 437.2 uM, with hemolytic activity significantly lower than natural peptides. Hemolysis rate at key concentrations: at 128 μM, the hemolysis rate only exceeds 20% (specifically above 9.49%, not fully quantified, but significantly lower than natural peptides); At low concentrations (e.g., ≤64 μM), the hemolysis rate is extremely low, close to 0%. 3. Brevinin-1HY Half hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀): No direct value is clear, but overall hemolytic activity is significantly higher than that of the natural peptide Brevinin-1H. Hemolysis rate at key concentrations: its MIC for resistance to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is 4 uM, and at this concentration, the hemolysis rate reaches 28.48%, more than three times that of the natural peptide Brevinin-1H at MIC. The association between hemolysis and biological activity Although Brevinin-1H has broad-spectrum antibacterial activity (against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi) and cancer resistance, it has relatively high hemolysis, with hemolysis exceeding 20% at 32 μM concentration, requiring further optimization to reduce toxicity. Brevinin-1Ha significantly reduces hemolytic activity by transferring the Rana-box from the C-terminal to the central position (HC₅₀ from 53.12 uM to 437.2 uM), but its antibacterial and anticancer activity is almost lost, with only weak activity against E. coli, and anticancer requires a high concentration of 10⁻⁴ M. After replacing Pro¹¹ with tyrosine in Brevinin-1HY, the α-helix ratio increased from 52% to 67%, enhancing anti-proliferative activity against some cancer cells, but hemolysis was greatly increased, with a hemolysis rate of 28.48% under MIC and reduced safety.|||Horse erythrocytes (9.49% Hemolysis at 4 uM|||Lee and coworkers substituted Glu9 with Pro producing a helix-kink-helix structure in Anal 3-Pro peptide, which apparently increased antibacterial activity of parent peptide with no hemolysis (Lee et al., 2013)." "Chem Biol Drug Des . 2021 Feb;97(2):273-282. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.13779. Epub 2020 Sep 7.|||Chem Biol Drug Des . 2021 Feb;97(2):273-282. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.13779. Epub 2020 Sep 7.|||32812694|||Chem Biol Drug Des. 2021 Feb;97(2):273-282. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.13779. PubMed|||32812694|||Chem Biol Drug Des . 2021 Feb;97(2):273-282. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.13779. Epub 2020 Sep 7.|||Chem Biol Drug Des. 2021 Feb;97(2):273-282.|||Chem Biol Drug Des. 2021 Feb;97(2):273-282. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.13779. PubMed" 21 FPDB01104 AP03258|||AP03258|||Temporin-PF " FLPLIAGLFGKIF" Anti-Gram+||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-S. aureus MRSA, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-E. faecalis, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-E.coli, activity value is MIC > 128 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa, activity value is MIC > 128 uM||Anti-K.pneumoniae, activity value is MIC > 128 uM||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-MRSA, activity value is MIC = 4 uM skin secretions, Pelophylax fukienensis, China, Asia|||Pelophylax fukienensis [Frog] Helix "The contents of Documents 1-3 are completely consistent. The core hemolytic data focus on the antimicrobial peptide Temporin-PF (TPF) derived from the skin of Fujian pond frog (Pelophylax fukienensis) and its three modified analogs, measured using a horse red blood cell hemolysis assay (with 1% Triton X-100 as 100% hemolysis positive control and PBS as 0% hemolysis negative control): Core Hemolytic Activity Results - Test concentration range: 1–128 μM (covering the effective antimicrobial concentrations of the four peptides, e.g., TPF MIC against Staphylococcus aureus = 4 μM, MRSA = 4 μM) - Hemolysis values of each peptide: 1. TPF (natural peptide): The strongest hemolytic activity was observed. Within its antimicrobial effective concentration range (4–16 μM), significant hemolysis was already evident, and the hemolysis rate continued to increase with rising concentration (specific hemolysis rates at particular concentrations were not specified, but it had the highest hemolytic toxicity among the four peptides). 2. des-Phe1 TPF (modified peptide with deletion of N-terminal Phe): Hemolytic activity was significantly reduced. Even at the highest test concentration of 128 μM, the hemolysis rate remained <20%, far lower than that of the natural peptide at the same concentration. 3. W-des-Phe1 TPF (modified peptide with C-terminal Phe replaced by Trp): Hemolytic activity was similar to des-Phe1 TPF. At 128 μM, the hemolysis rate was <20%, showing no significant hemolytic toxicity. 4. dW-des-Phe1 TPF (modified peptide with C-terminal Phe replaced by D-Trp): The lowest hemolytic activity was observed. At 128 μM, the hemolysis rate was close to 0% (negligible), indicating the best safety profile.|||skin secretions, Pelophylax fukienensis, China, Asia|||In this research document, the key value related to hemolysis is the hemolytic concentration (HL₅₀), with specific details as follows: Through structural optimization of peptide WW295 (changing the terminal L8 to V8 to obtain WW307), its 50% hemolytic concentration (HL₅₀) doubled. This optimization improved the peptide's cell selectivity and reduced its toxicity to red blood cells (relevant content corresponds to the ""Database-Guided Peptide Design and Structure-Based Refinement"" section and SI Appendix, Table S4). Furthermore, in in vitro toxicity assessments, it was shown that two peptides (horine and verine) have extremely low toxicity to human red blood cells (hRBCs), with hemolysis-related concentration thresholds >200 μM (corresponding to Figure 4A and the ""In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity"" section), which is much higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC 2-4 μM) required to inhibit drug-resistant bacteria (such as VRE and MRSA), indicating that there is almost no risk of hemolysis at therapeutic doses." "Int J Mol Sci . 2021 Apr 26;22(9):4509. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094509.|||Int J Mol Sci . 2021 Apr 26;22(9):4509. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094509.|||33925935|||Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 26;22(9):4509. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094509. PubMed" 13 FPDB01129 AP03345|||AP03345|||QUB-1641 FLALALIQEAIAKLK Anti-Gram+||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-MRSA NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-E. faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-E.coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Anti-C.albicans NCTC 10231, activity value is MIC > 128 uM||Anti-K.pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC > 128 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC > 128 uM||Anti-S. aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MIC = 64 uM Skin secretions, the African hyperoliid frog, Kassina senegalensis, Africa.|||Kassina senegalensis Helix "In the document you provided (a study on fungal defensins that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis without hemolytic activity and are serum-stable), the hemolytic data for the novel fungal defensin Pyronesin4 (Py4) are as follows: Hemolytic Data of Py4 - Test concentration range: 3.125~25 µM (using two-fold serial dilution). - Key results: At all tested concentrations above, Py4 showed no significant hemolytic activity against mouse red blood cells (from ICR mice) (hemolysis rate ≈ 0%). - Control comparison: The positive control peptide (scorpion venom-derived lytic peptide Meucin-18) exhibited strong hemolytic activity at 25 µM, further confirming the non-hemolytic nature of Py4. Experimental Background - Peptide solutions were prepared using 0.9% NaCl as a diluent. A 1% Triton X-100 treatment group served as the 100% hemolysis positive control, and 0.9% NaCl without peptide was used as the negative control (0% hemolysis). - Hemolysis was calculated by measuring absorbance at 570 nm (amount of hemoglobin released) using the formula: Hemolysis rate (%) = [(A_peptide-treated group - A_negative control) / (A_positive control - A_negative control)] × 100. The experimental results were stable and reliable.|||Skin secretions, the African hyperoliid frog, Kassina senegalensis, Africa.|||Horse RBCs (2.5% hemolysis at 256 uM)|||The core data related to hemolysis in the document are as follows, with horse erythrocytes as the test subjects: All tested peptides (QUB-1641, QUB-1599, QUB-1585, QUB-1570, QUB-1643, QUB-1498, QUB-1609) exhibited hemolytic activity below 20% at concentrations ≤64 μM. When the concentration exceeded 64 μM, the hemolytic activity of QUB-1570 and QUB-1498 increased significantly. At a concentration of 256 μM, their hemolysis rates approached 40%. For the other peptides (QUB-1641, QUB-1599, QUB-1585, QUB-1643, QUB-1609), specific values indicating a significant increase in hemolytic activity at concentrations above 64 μM were not mentioned, suggesting that their hemolysis rates remained relatively low (not exceeding the levels of QUB-1570 and QUB-1498 at the same concentration)." Antibiotics 2022, 11(2), 243; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020243. Publisher Online|||Antibiotics 2022, 11(2), 243; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020243.|||35203845|||Antibiotics 2022, 11(2), 243; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020243. 15 FPDB01131 AP03426|||AP03426|||Dermaseptin-PS1|||Dermaseptin-PS1|||AP03426 GLWKSLFKNVGKAAGKAALNAVTDMVNQ Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-S. aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-MRSA NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-MRSA, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-C. albicans NCYC 1467, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-and P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MBC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493, activity value is MBC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, activity value is MBC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MBC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MBC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans NCYC 1467, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans NCYC 1467, activity value is MFC = 32 ug/ml Skin secretion, the waxy monkey leaf frog or waxy monkey tree frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil, South America|||Phyllomedusa sauvagii|||Phyllomedusa sauvagii|||Skin secretion, the waxy monkey leaf frog or waxy monkey tree frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil, South America|||Skin secretion, the waxy monkey leaf frog or waxy monkey tree frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil, South America N/A "Skin secretion, the waxy monkey leaf frog or waxy monkey tree frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil, South America|||Mouse erythrocytes (50% Hemolysis at >512 ug/ml|||The core hemolytic data for two novel dermaseptin peptides (DMS-PS1 and DMS-PS2) in the document are as follows, tested on murine red blood cells: 1. DMS-PS1 Half-maximal hemolytic concentration (HC_{50}): > 512 µg/ml (at the highest tested concentration of 512 µg/ml, the hemolysis rate is still below 50%). Therapeutic index (TI): > 16 (TI = HC_{50} / geometric mean of MIC, where a higher value indicates stronger cell selectivity). 2. DMS-PS2 Half-maximal hemolytic concentration (HC_{50}): 210.7 µg/ml (this concentration causes 50% hemolysis of red blood cells). Therapeutic index (TI): 18.6 (moderate cell selectivity, and its effective antibacterial concentration is far below the hemolytic concentration). Additionally, key supplemental information: both peptides show low toxicity to mammalian red blood cells at effective antibacterial concentrations (such as MIC range 8–64 µg/ml), with DMS-PS1 having lower hemolysis and DMS-PS2 showing slightly higher hemolysis, but still retaining clinical application potential.|||Mouse erythrocytes (50% Hemolysis at >512 ug/ml" "Acta Biomater . 2020 Jun:109:208-219. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.024. Epub 2020 Apr 8.|||Acta Biomater. 2020 Jun;109:208-219. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.024. PubMed|||32276085|||Acta Biomater. 2020 Jun;109:208-219. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.024. PubMed|||32276085|||Acta Biomater. 2020 Jun;109:208-219. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.024. PubMed|||Acta Biomater. 2020 Jun;109:208-219. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.024. PubMed" 28 FPDB01132 AP03427|||AP03427|||Dermaseptin-PS2|||Dermaseptin-PS2|||AP03427 " ALWKTLLKNVGKAAGKAVLNAVTDMVNQ" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-S. aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-MRSA NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-MRSA, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-C. albicans NCYC 1467, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-and P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-MRSA, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-E.coli, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 16 uM Skin secretion, the waxy monkey leaf frog or waxy monkey tree frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil, South America|||Phyllomedusa tomopterna [Tiger-striped leaf frog]|||Phyllomedusa sauvagii [Sauvage frog]|||Skin secretion, the waxy monkey leaf frog or waxy monkey tree frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil, South America|||Skin secretion, the waxy monkey leaf frog or waxy monkey tree frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil, South America Helix "Skin secretion, the waxy monkey leaf frog or waxy monkey tree frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil, South America|||Horse RBC (50% hemolysis at 210.7 uM)|||The core hemolytic data for two novel dermaseptin peptides (DMS-PS1 and DMS-PS2) in the document are as follows, tested on murine red blood cells: 1. DMS-PS1 Half-maximal hemolytic concentration (HC_{50}): > 512 µg/ml (at the highest tested concentration of 512 µg/ml, the hemolysis rate is still below 50%). Therapeutic index (TI): > 16 (TI = HC_{50} / geometric mean of MIC, where a higher value indicates stronger cell selectivity). 2. DMS-PS2 Half-maximal hemolytic concentration (HC_{50}): 210.7 µg/ml (this concentration causes 50% hemolysis of red blood cells). Therapeutic index (TI): 18.6 (moderate cell selectivity, and its effective antibacterial concentration is far below the hemolytic concentration). Additionally, key supplemental information: both peptides show low toxicity to mammalian red blood cells at effective antibacterial concentrations (such as MIC range 8–64 µg/ml), with DMS-PS1 having lower hemolysis and DMS-PS2 showing slightly higher hemolysis, but still retaining clinical application potential.|||Horse RBC (50% hemolysis at 210.7 uM)" "Acta Biomater . 2020 Jun:109:208-219. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.024. Epub 2020 Apr 8.|||Acta Biomater. 2020 Jun;109:208-219. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.024. PubMed|||33582221|||Acta Biomater. 2020 Jun;109:208-219. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.024. PubMed|||33582221|||Acta Biomater. 2020 Jun;109:208-219. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.024. PubMed|||Acta Biomater. 2020 Jun;109:208-219. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.024. PubMed" 28 FPDB01133 AP03428 " FVDLKKIANILNSIF" Anti-Gram+||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-S. aureus ATCC CRM 6538, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-MRSA NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-E. faecalis, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-K.pneumoniae, activity value is MIC = 256 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Anti-and E.coli, activity value is MIC = 128 uM Skin Secretion, the Chinese forest frog, Chinese brown frog, Rana chensinensis, China, Asia Helix "In the document you provided (Study on the Antibacterial Prototype Drug Study of Temporin-1CEh and Its Analogs in the Skin Secretions of Chinese Forest Frogs), the hemolytic values for each peptide are as follows: 1. Natural peptide Temporin-1CEh - Key hemolytic indicators: At 256 uM concentration, hemolysis rate is 92.3%; Its 50% hemolytic concentration (HC_{50}) is 152.6 uM. - Comparative reference: The homologous peptide Temporin-1CEa has a HC_{50} of 160 uM, and the two have similar hemolytic properties. 2. Truncated Modification Peptides (T1CEh-t, T1CEa-t) - Key hemolytic indicators: Both have no hemolytic activity within the test concentration range (up to 256 μM), but simultaneously lose antibacterial activity (due to membrane-binding ability due to removal of hydrophobic amino acids at the C-terminus). 3. N-terminal modified peptides (T1CEh-KK, T1CEh-KKP, T1CEh-KKPW, T1CEh-KKPW) - T1CEh-KK: Within the test concentration range (maximum 256 uM), hemolysis rate remains low (document does not provide specific values, only described as ""maintaining low hemolysis""), and antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (such as E. coli) is significantly enhanced. - T1CEh-KKP: hemolytic levels are similar to T1CEh-KK, with no significant change (no specific values provided in the document), but antibacterial activity is slightly weakened due to the introduction of proline, which breaks the helix structure. - T1CEh-KKPW and T1CEh-KKPWW: Both have hemolytic rates below 6% at 256 uM, indicating low hemolysis; Moreover, the introduction of tryptophan significantly broadens the antibacterial spectrum (effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria). 4. Branch structure modification peptide T1CEh-KKPWW2 - Key hemolytic indicators: At 256 uM, the hemolysis rate is 63%. Although higher than its precursor T1CEh-KKPWW (6%), the 50% hemolytic concentration (HC_{50}) is 569.8 uM, much higher than the natural peptide Temporin-1CEh (152.6 uM), indicating superior overall safety. - Advantages: The branched structure enhances stability in physiological environments such as serum and saline solutions, and further enhances antibacterial activity (especially against drug-resistant bacteria). Experimental background - The experiment used defibrotic horse red blood cells as the material, prepared a red blood cell suspension with PBS, using 1% Triton X-100 as the positive control (100% hemolysis) and PBS as the negative control (0% hemolysis). The hemolysis rate was calculated by measuring absorbance (hemoglobin release) at 570 nm. All experiments were repeated three times, with stable results.|||Skin Secretion, the Chinese forest frog, Chinese brown frog, Rana chensinensis, China, Asia|||Skin Secretion, the Chinese forest frog, Chinese brown frog, Rana chensinensis, China, Asia||The antimicrobial effects of synthetic AMPs on the growth of the tested microorganisms, and the biofilmeradication effects on S. aureus are illustrated in Table2.The BHL-bombinin exhibited stronger antimicrobial activities on Gram-positive bacteria (MIC/MBC: 4000 ug/l/16000 ug/l)and yeast (MIC/MBC: 4000 ug/l/16000 ug/l)thanGram-negative bacteria (MIC/MBC: 16000–64000 ug/l/64000–128000 ug/l). Inaddition, BHL-bombinin was found to possess a relatively low level of haemolytic activity (0–12.6%)atthe MIC determined against S. aureus and C. albicans (Supplementary Figure S3). Interestingly, BHL-bombinin displayed potent inhibitory effects (MIC: 4000–16000 ug/l)towards MRSA and biofilm. By contrast, the MIC values for bombinin HLand bombinin HD against S. aureus were 256and128000 ug/l respectivelywithundetectedMBCs, which were significantly less effective compared with BHL-bombinin. The selectivity indices (SIs), which represent the degree of antibacterial selectivity, are showed in Table2,higherSI value reflecting a better selectivity towardsmicrobial over mammalian membranes [22].Asindicated,the BHL-bombinin had ahigherSI compared with bombinin HLand bombinin HD, which is in agreement with previous studies that high level ofhydrophobicity may decrease the antimicrobial selectivity ofα-helical peptides [23].Additionally, compared with the melittin peptide, all the AMPs investigated in the present study exhibited 32–128-times higher SI values, which emphasizes that amphibian-derived AMPs are potential research targets for therapeutic alternatives to current antibiotics. The time-killing curves demonstrated the faster cell-killing effects ofBHL-bombinin compared with the ampicillin, whilethe kill rates ofbombinin HLand bombinin HD were relatively low (Supplementary Figure S4).|||The core hemolytic data of the natural antimicrobial peptide Temporin-1CEh and its seven analogs in the document are as follows. The test subject was horse red blood cells, and the key indicators were the half-maximal hemolytic concentration (HC_{50}) and hemolysis rate at specific concentrations: 1. Natural peptide: Temporin-1CEh Half-maximal hemolytic concentration (HC_{50}): 152.6 µM Hemolysis rate at a specific concentration: at 256 µM, the hemolysis rate reached 92.3% (relatively strong hemolysis). 2. Analogs: T1CEh-t and T1CEa-t Hemolytic activity: completely lost hemolytic activity (due to removal of C-terminal hydrophobic amino acids, which also led to loss of antibacterial activity). 3. Analog: T1CEh-KK Hemolytic activity: maintains low-level hemolysis (HC_{50} not explicitly given, but the text mentions “maintains low hemolysis”; at 256 µM, hemolysis rate is far lower than Temporin-1CEh). 4. Analog: T1CEh-KKP Hemolytic activity: hemolysis level unchanged (similar to T1CEh-KK, low hemolysis, no specific HC_{50} value). 5. Analogs: T1CEh-KKPW and T1CEh-KKPWW Hemolysis rate at a specific concentration: at 256 µM, the hemolysis rate is below 6% for both (significantly lower hemolysis than the natural peptide; specific HC_{50} not mentioned, but higher safety). 6. Analog: T1CEh-KKPWW2 (branched structure) Half-maximal hemolytic concentration (HC_{50}): 569.8 µM (higher than natural peptide Temporin-1CEh, better cell selectivity) Hemolysis rate at a specific concentration: at 256 µM, the hemolysis rate is 63% (though higher than T1CEh-KKPW/WW, due to stronger antibacterial activity, it still has application potential). Additional notes Positive control (1% Triton X-100) hemolysis rate is 100%, negative control (PBS) hemolysis rate is 0%, and all data are calibrated based on these controls. Hemolysis is related to the peptide’s hydrophobicity, charge, and structure: branched structures (such as T1CEh-KKPWW2) slightly increase hemolysis rate, but by enhancing antibacterial activity, a reasonable therapeutic window is still maintained; whereas removal of C-terminal hydrophobic amino acids (such as T1CEh-t) results in simultaneous loss of hemolytic and antibacterial activity.|||The antimicrobial effects of synthetic AMPs on the growth of the tested microorganisms, and the biofilmeradication effects on S. aureus are illustrated in Table2.The BHL-bombinin exhibited stronger antimicrobial activities on Gram-positive bacteria (MIC/MBC: 4000 ug/l/16000 ug/l)and yeast (MIC/MBC: 4000 ug/l/16000 ug/l)thanGram-negative bacteria (MIC/MBC: 16000–64000 ug/l/64000–128000 ug/l). Inaddition, BHL-bombinin was found to possess a relatively low level of haemolytic activity (0–12.6%)atthe MIC determined against S. aureus and C. albicans (Supplementary Figure S3). Interestingly, BHL-bombinin displayed potent inhibitory effects (MIC: 4000–16000 ug/l)towards MRSA and biofilm. By contrast, the MIC values for bombinin HLand bombinin HD against S. aureus were 256and128000 ug/l respectivelywithundetectedMBCs, which were significantly less effective compared with BHL-bombinin. The selectivity indices (SIs), which represent the degree of antibacterial selectivity, are showed in Table2,higherSI value reflecting a better selectivity towardsmicrobial over mammalian membranes [22].Asindicated,the BHL-bombinin had ahigherSI compared with bombinin HLand bombinin HD, which is in agreement with previous studies that high level ofhydrophobicity may decrease the antimicrobial selectivity ofα-helical peptides [23].Additionally, compared with the melittin peptide, all the AMPs investigated in the present study exhibited 32–128-times higher SI values, which emphasizes that amphibian-derived AMPs are potential research targets for therapeutic alternatives to current antibiotics. The time-killing curves demonstrated the faster cell-killing effects ofBHL-bombinin compared with the ampicillin, whilethe kill rates ofbombinin HLand bombinin HD were relatively low (Supplementary Figure S4)." "Pharmaceutics . 2022 Mar 10;14(3):604. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030604.|||Pharmaceutics. 2022 Mar 10;14(3):604. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030604. PubMed" 15 FPDB01149 AP03633 " AAGKVLKLLKKLL" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-Gram- A. baumannii, activity value is MIC = 23 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 2.8 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883, activity value is MIC = 11.5||Anti-E. faecalis ATCC 19433, activity value is MIC = 23 uM||Anti-S. aureus MRSA, activity value is MIC = 23 uM amino acid substitution, amphibians, animal-derived, natural derivative N/A "The core data related to the hemolytic activity of antimicrobial peptides (temporin-PTa, Hp-MAP1, Hp-MAP2) in this document are reflected through hemolysis rates, with specific information as follows: 1. Core hemolytic values (hemolysis rates) Swiss mouse red blood cells were used as the test subjects, with 50,000 μM PBS (pH 7.4) as the blank control (0% hemolysis) and 1% Triton X-100 as the complete hemolysis positive control (100% hemolysis). Hemolysis rates were calculated by measuring the absorbance at 415 nm, and the results were as follows: - Temporin-PTa: At the highest tested concentration of 87 μM, the hemolysis rate was 13% (Table 2), indicating some hemolytic activity. - Hp-MAP1 and Hp-MAP2: At the highest tested concentration of 92 μM, no hemolytic effect was observed (Table 2), meaning a hemolysis rate of 0%. This concentration is far above their effective antimicrobial concentrations (MIC range 2.7–46 μM), indicating high safety for mammalian red blood cells. 2. Additional notes - The paper does not mention values related to ""HC₅₀ (the peptide concentration causing 50% hemolysis)."" For Hp-MAP1 and Hp-MAP2, because there was still no hemolysis at the highest tested concentration (92 μM), HC₅₀ > 92 μM; for temporin-PTa, as the hemolysis rate was only 13% at 87 μM, HC₅₀ is assumed to be much higher than 87 μM. - Reason for differences in hemolytic activity: Hp-MAP1 and Hp-MAP2 were rationally designed to reduce overall hydrophobicity (0.49 and 0.41, respectively, lower than temporin-PTa's 0.93) while optimizing amphipathic structures (hydrophobic moment <μH> 0.668 and 0.722, respectively), which reduces non-specific interactions with mammalian cell membranes and eliminates hemolytic toxicity. This is consistent with the principle that ""hydrophobicity >50% is likely to cause hemolysis"" (the paper notes that AMPs with hydrophobicity >50% often have hemolytic activity).|||amino acid substitution, amphibians, animal-derived, natural derivative||No hemolytic effect was observed at concentrations as high as 92 uM.|||According to the content of the provided document, the article explicitly mentions hemolytic data for three peptides (temporin-PTa, Hp-MAP1, Hp-MAP2), as follows: 1. Temporin-PTa: At the highest tested concentration of 87 μM, the hemolysis rate was 13% (using 1% Triton X-100 as a 100% hemolysis positive control and 50,000 μM PBS as a 0% hemolysis blank control). 2. Hp-MAP1: Within the tested concentration range (2.7–92 μM), no hemolytic activity was observed (marked as “nd” in the document to indicate “not detected” hemolytic effect). 3. Hp-MAP2: Within the tested concentration range (2.7–92 μM), no hemolytic activity was observed (also marked as “nd” to indicate “not detected” hemolytic effect). The above hemolytic data were measured using mouse erythrocyte (Swiss mice Mus musculus erythrocytes) hemolysis assays. The experimental principle is to evaluate the amount of hemoglobin released by detecting the absorbance at 415 nm, and then calculate the hemolysis rate.|||No hemolytic effect was observed at concentrations as high as 92 uM." "Chem Biol Drug Des . 2022 Jul;100(1):51-63. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.14052. Epub 2022 Apr 10.|||Chem Biol Drug Des. 2022 Jul;100(1):51-63. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.14052. Pub-Med.|||Chem Biol Drug Des. 2022 Jul;100(1):51-63. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.14052. Pub-Med.|||Chem Biol Drug Des. 2022 Jul;100(1):51-63. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.14052. Pub-Med." 13 FPDB01150 AP03634 " AAKKVLKLLKKLL" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Anti-Gram- A. baumannii, activity value is MIC = 21.7 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 2.7 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883, activity value is MIC = 2.7||Anti-E. faecalis ATCC 19433, activity value is MIC = 5.4 uM||Anti-S. aureus MRSA, activity value is MIC = 21.7 uM amino acid substitution, amphibians, animal-derived, natural derivative N/A "The core data related to the hemolytic activity of antimicrobial peptides (temporin-PTa, Hp-MAP1, Hp-MAP2) in this document are reflected through hemolysis rates, with specific information as follows: 1. Core hemolytic values (hemolysis rates) Swiss mouse red blood cells were used as the test subjects, with 50,000 μM PBS (pH 7.4) as the blank control (0% hemolysis) and 1% Triton X-100 as the complete hemolysis positive control (100% hemolysis). Hemolysis rates were calculated by measuring the absorbance at 415 nm, and the results were as follows: - Temporin-PTa: At the highest tested concentration of 87 μM, the hemolysis rate was 13% (Table 2), indicating some hemolytic activity. - Hp-MAP1 and Hp-MAP2: At the highest tested concentration of 92 μM, no hemolytic effect was observed (Table 2), meaning a hemolysis rate of 0%. This concentration is far above their effective antimicrobial concentrations (MIC range 2.7–46 μM), indicating high safety for mammalian red blood cells. 2. Additional notes - The paper does not mention values related to ""HC₅₀ (the peptide concentration causing 50% hemolysis)."" For Hp-MAP1 and Hp-MAP2, because there was still no hemolysis at the highest tested concentration (92 μM), HC₅₀ > 92 μM; for temporin-PTa, as the hemolysis rate was only 13% at 87 μM, HC₅₀ is assumed to be much higher than 87 μM. - Reason for differences in hemolytic activity: Hp-MAP1 and Hp-MAP2 were rationally designed to reduce overall hydrophobicity (0.49 and 0.41, respectively, lower than temporin-PTa's 0.93) while optimizing amphipathic structures (hydrophobic moment <μH> 0.668 and 0.722, respectively), which reduces non-specific interactions with mammalian cell membranes and eliminates hemolytic toxicity. This is consistent with the principle that ""hydrophobicity >50% is likely to cause hemolysis"" (the paper notes that AMPs with hydrophobicity >50% often have hemolytic activity).|||amino acid substitution, amphibians, animal-derived, natural derivative||No hemolytic effect was observed at concentrations as high as 92 uM.|||According to the content of the provided document, the article explicitly mentions hemolytic data for three peptides (temporin-PTa, Hp-MAP1, Hp-MAP2), as follows: 1. Temporin-PTa: At the highest tested concentration of 87 μM, the hemolysis rate was 13% (using 1% Triton X-100 as a 100% hemolysis positive control and 50,000 μM PBS as a 0% hemolysis blank control). 2. Hp-MAP1: Within the tested concentration range (2.7–92 μM), no hemolytic activity was observed (marked as “nd” in the document to indicate “not detected” hemolytic effect). 3. Hp-MAP2: Within the tested concentration range (2.7–92 μM), no hemolytic activity was observed (also marked as “nd” to indicate “not detected” hemolytic effect). The above hemolytic data were measured using mouse erythrocyte (Swiss mice Mus musculus erythrocytes) hemolysis assays. The experimental principle is to evaluate the amount of hemoglobin released by detecting the absorbance at 415 nm, and then calculate the hemolysis rate.|||No hemolytic effect was observed at concentrations as high as 92 uM." "Chem Biol Drug Des . 2022 Jul;100(1):51-63. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.14052. Epub 2022 Apr 10.|||Chem Biol Drug Des. 2022 Jul;100(1):51-63. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.14052. Pub-Med.|||Chem Biol Drug Des. 2022 Jul;100(1):51-63. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.14052. Pub-Med.|||Chem Biol Drug Des. 2022 Jul;100(1):51-63. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.14052. Pub-Med." 13 FPDB01155 AP03654|||AP03654|||CAMPSQ14438 " WLRRIKAWLRRIKA" Anti-Gram+||Anti-MRSA||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm||Anti-S. aureus MSSA or MRSA many strains, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-P. aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9721, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC BAA-1744, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 35032, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 25619, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC BAA-1605, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 19606, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC BAA-747, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-9667, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-13374, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-13375, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-13382, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-17777, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-17778, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-17780, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-17783, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-17784, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-17785, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-17786, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-19298, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-19299, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1109, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1125, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1571, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1603, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 16011, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1017, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1020, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1133, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1015, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1016, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1131, activity value is MIC = 8 uM hybrid peptide, designed, man-made sequences|||hybrid peptide, designed, man-made sequences|||Synthetic construct Helix "The core data related to the antimicrobial peptides RRIKA and RR hemolysis in this document are reflected through hemolysis rates, with the specific information as follows: 1. Core Hemolytic Values (Hemolysis Rate) The experiment was conducted using human red blood cells, with PBS as the blank control (0% hemolysis), 0.1% Triton X-100 and 5 µM melittin as the complete hemolysis positive control (100% hemolysis). Hemolysis rates were calculated by measuring the absorbance at 405 nm, and the results were as follows: - RRIKA and RR: At the highest tested concentration of 300 µM, the hemolysis rate was very low, with a maximum of only 10% (Figure 8), and no concentration-dependent hemolysis enhancement trend was observed, indicating high safety for human red blood cells. - Positive control comparison: 5 µM melittin could cause 100% hemolysis, whereas RRIKA and RR showed no significant hemolysis even at 300 µM (far exceeding their effective antimicrobial concentrations, RRIKA MIC 2–4 µM, RR MIC 8–32 µM), demonstrating a significant safety advantage. 2. Supplementary Notes - The text does not mention the ""HC₅₀ (peptide concentration causing 50% hemolysis)"" value. Since the hemolysis rates of RRIKA and RR at the highest tested concentration (300 µM) were both <10%, far from 50% hemolysis, HC₅₀ is >300 µM. - Consistency of hemolysis safety with cytotoxicity: Concurrent HeLa cell cytotoxicity experiments showed that RRIKA at 32 µM (8×MIC) and RR at 64 µM (4×MIC) showed no significant toxicity to mammalian cells (cell survival rate >80%, Figure 9), consistent with their low hemolytic characteristics, further validating their low risk of damage to eukaryotic cells. - Clinical application potential: The low hemolysis feature, combined with salt resistance (stable antimicrobial activity under physiological NaCl/Mg²⁺ concentrations) and anti-biofilm activity, supports RRIKA and RR as candidate peptides for local treatment of MRSA infections (such as skin infections), especially in scenarios where hemolysis risk needs to be avoided.|||hybrid peptide, designed, man-made sequences||At concentrations as high as 300 uM, the hemolytic effect on human red blood cells is minimal (with a maximum hemolysis rate of 10%).|||low level (~10%) hemolysis at 300 uM. low hemo.lytic. Not toxic to Hela cells at 4-8-fold antimicrobial concentrations.|||According to the provided document, the text clearly mentions hemolytic data for two target peptides (RRIKA, RR) and control substances (melittin, Triton X-100), as detailed below: 1. Target Peptides (RRIKA, RR) Test Conditions: Human red blood cells (RBCs) were used as the experimental subject. Peptide solutions were prepared in PBS and incubated at 37°C for 1 hour. Hemolysis was calculated by measuring the absorbance at 405 nm (OD₄₀₅); PBS served as the 0% hemolysis negative control, while 0.1% Triton X-100 or 5 μM melittin was used as the 100% hemolysis positive control. Hemolytic Results: Both peptides exhibited very low hemolytic activity even at the maximum tested concentration of 300 μM, with a hemolysis rate not exceeding 10%. Even at concentrations dozens of times higher than their antibacterial concentrations (MIC for RRIKA is 2-4 μM, MIC for RR is 8-32 μM), no significant hemolytic effects were observed. 2. Control Substances Melittin: As a typical hemolysis positive control, 5 μM concentration can cause 100% hemolysis of human red blood cells, showing a sharp contrast with the target peptides. Triton X-100: At 0.1% concentration, it serves as a 100% hemolysis positive control and is used to calibrate hemolysis calculation standards. In summary, RRIKA and RR maintain low hemolytic activity both within their effective antibacterial concentration range and at high concentrations (300 μM), with safety significantly superior to traditional hemolytic peptides such as melittin.|||At concentrations as high as 300 uM, the hemolytic effect on human red blood cells is minimal (with a maximum hemolysis rate of 10%)." "Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 2014 Jul;58(7):4113-22. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02578-14. Epub 2014 May 5.|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Jul;58(7):4113-22. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02578-14. Pub-Med.|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Jul;58(7):4113-22. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02578-14. Pub-Med.|||28761101|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Jul;58(7):4113-22. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02578-14. Pub-Med." 14 FPDB01156 AP03655|||AP03655|||RR|||RR|||AP03655 " WLRRIKAWLRR" Anti-Gram+||Anti-MRSA||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm||Anti-S. aureus MSSA or MRSA many strains, activity value is MIC = 8||Anti-P. aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9721, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC BAA-1744, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 35032, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 25619, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC BAA-1605, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 19606, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC BAA-747, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-9667, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-13374, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-13375, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-13382, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-17777, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-17778, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-17780, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-17783, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-17784, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-17785, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-17786, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-19298, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-A. baumannii NR-19299, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1109, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1125, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1571, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1603, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1020, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1133, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa Clinical isolate 1131, activity value is MIC = 128 uM||Anti-Candida albicans, activity value is MIC > 100 uM designed, man-made sequences|||designed, man-made sequences|||Synthetic construct|||Synthetic construct|||designed, man-made sequences N/A "The core data related to the antimicrobial peptides RRIKA and RR hemolysis in this document are reflected through hemolysis rates, with the specific information as follows: 1. Core Hemolytic Values (Hemolysis Rate) The experiment was conducted using human red blood cells, with PBS as the blank control (0% hemolysis), 0.1% Triton X-100 and 5 µM melittin as the complete hemolysis positive control (100% hemolysis). Hemolysis rates were calculated by measuring the absorbance at 405 nm, and the results were as follows: - RRIKA and RR: At the highest tested concentration of 300 µM, the hemolysis rate was very low, with a maximum of only 10% (Figure 8), and no concentration-dependent hemolysis enhancement trend was observed, indicating high safety for human red blood cells. - Positive control comparison: 5 µM melittin could cause 100% hemolysis, whereas RRIKA and RR showed no significant hemolysis even at 300 µM (far exceeding their effective antimicrobial concentrations, RRIKA MIC 2–4 µM, RR MIC 8–32 µM), demonstrating a significant safety advantage. 2. Supplementary Notes - The text does not mention the ""HC₅₀ (peptide concentration causing 50% hemolysis)"" value. Since the hemolysis rates of RRIKA and RR at the highest tested concentration (300 µM) were both <10%, far from 50% hemolysis, HC₅₀ is >300 µM. - Consistency of hemolysis safety with cytotoxicity: Concurrent HeLa cell cytotoxicity experiments showed that RRIKA at 32 µM (8×MIC) and RR at 64 µM (4×MIC) showed no significant toxicity to mammalian cells (cell survival rate >80%, Figure 9), consistent with their low hemolytic characteristics, further validating their low risk of damage to eukaryotic cells. - Clinical application potential: The low hemolysis feature, combined with salt resistance (stable antimicrobial activity under physiological NaCl/Mg²⁺ concentrations) and anti-biofilm activity, supports RRIKA and RR as candidate peptides for local treatment of MRSA infections (such as skin infections), especially in scenarios where hemolysis risk needs to be avoided.|||designed, man-made sequences||At concentrations as high as 300 uM, the hemolytic effect on human red blood cells is minimal (with a maximum hemolysis rate of 10%).|||low level (~10%) hemolysis at 300 uM. low hemo.lytic. Not toxic to Hela cells at 4-8-fold antimicrobial concentrations.|||According to the provided document, the text clearly mentions hemolytic data for two target peptides (RRIKA, RR) and control substances (melittin, Triton X-100), as detailed below: 1. Target Peptides (RRIKA, RR) Test Conditions: Human red blood cells (RBCs) were used as the experimental subject. Peptide solutions were prepared in PBS and incubated at 37°C for 1 hour. Hemolysis was calculated by measuring the absorbance at 405 nm (OD₄₀₅); PBS served as the 0% hemolysis negative control, while 0.1% Triton X-100 or 5 μM melittin was used as the 100% hemolysis positive control. Hemolytic Results: Both peptides exhibited very low hemolytic activity even at the maximum tested concentration of 300 μM, with a hemolysis rate not exceeding 10%. Even at concentrations dozens of times higher than their antibacterial concentrations (MIC for RRIKA is 2-4 μM, MIC for RR is 8-32 μM), no significant hemolytic effects were observed. 2. Control Substances Melittin: As a typical hemolysis positive control, 5 μM concentration can cause 100% hemolysis of human red blood cells, showing a sharp contrast with the target peptides. Triton X-100: At 0.1% concentration, it serves as a 100% hemolysis positive control and is used to calibrate hemolysis calculation standards. In summary, RRIKA and RR maintain low hemolytic activity both within their effective antibacterial concentration range and at high concentrations (300 μM), with safety significantly superior to traditional hemolytic peptides such as melittin.|||At concentrations as high as 300 uM, the hemolytic effect on human red blood cells is minimal (with a maximum hemolysis rate of 10%)." "Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 2014 Jul;58(7):4113-22. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02578-14. Epub 2014 May 5.|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Jul;58(7):4113-22. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02578-14. Pub-Med.|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Jul;58(7):4113-22. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02578-14. Pub-Med.|||28761101|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Jul;58(7):4113-22. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02578-14. Pub-Med.|||https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28105725|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Jul;58(7):4113-22. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02578-14. Pub-Med." 11 FPDB01180 AP03756|||AP03756|||BMAP27|||Myeloid antimicrobial peptide BMAP-27|||DRAMP02872|||Myeloid antimicrobial peptide BMAP-27|||AP03756 " GRFKRFRKKFKKLFKKLS" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antiparasitic||Anti-MRSA||Anti-inflammatory||Antibiofilm||Anti-Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-E. coli ML35, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-E. coli D21, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-S. marcescens ATCC 8100, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-S. aureus Cowan 1, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-S. aureus MRSA, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-B. megaterium Bm11, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-C. neoformans, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli ML35, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli D21, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-Serratia marcescens ATCC 8100, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-Bacillus megaterium Bm11, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Cryptococcus neoformans, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922 ML-35 or D21, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 1||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923 Cowan 1 or MRSA, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, activity value is MIC = 1||Anti-and C. neoformans, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-parasite BSF and PCF of T. b. brucei, activity value is IC50 = 8 Sequence truncation, animal-derived, natural derivative|||Sequence truncation, animal-derived, natural derivative|||Synthetic construct|||Bos taurus [Bovine]|||Bos taurus (Bovine)|||Sequence truncation, animal-derived, natural derivative Helix "w6n181zke7dmzxeu2br7|||Thehemolyticactivityof thetwoBMAPswasmuchlower, whenmeasuredonbovineerythrocytes(datanotshown).These cellswere5±10-foldlesssusceptiblethanhumanredbloodcells toBMAP-28(3,6,and22%hemolysisat10,30,and100000000 uM peptide),andvirtuallyunaffectedbyBMAP-27evenat100000000 uM.|||BMAP-28 can cause 14.5% hemolysis of human red blood cells at a concentration of 3 μM, and the hemolysis rate exceeds 90% at 100 μM. BMAP-27 can cause 3.5% hemolysis of human red blood cells at a concentration of 3 μM, and the hemolysis rate is 32.7% at 100 μM. Cow red blood cells are 5-10 times less sensitive to BMAP-28 than human red blood cells, with hemolysis rates of 3%, 6%, and 22% at concentrations of 10 μM, 30 μM, and 100 μM, respectively; BMAP-27 shows almost no hemolytic effect on cow red blood cells at 100 μM. The hemolytic effect of the truncated analog BMAP-27(1-18) disappears, and the hemolytic effect of BMAP-28(1-18) is greatly reduced. The modified analog mBMAP-28 has a hemolysis rate of only 3.3% for human red blood cells at 100 μM, far lower than the 94.1% of the parent peptide BMAP-28.|||sheep RBC: not hemolytic until 20 uM. 20% hemolysis at 30-130 uM.|||sheep RBC: not hemo.lytic until 20 uM. 20% hemolysis at 30-130 uM. HC50 at 16-32 uM to RAW264.7 mouse macrophages." J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28375-81. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.45.28375. 8910461.|||J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28375-81. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.45.28375. 8910461.|||8910461|||J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28375-28381.|||8910461|||J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28375-81. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.45.28375. 8910461.|||J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 8;271(45):28375-81. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.45.28375. 8910461.||Haines et al., 2009 18 FPDB01182 AP03759|||AP03759|||Myeloid antimicrobial peptide BMAP-27 " GRLKRLRKKLKKLLKKLS" Anti-Gram+||Anti-MRSA||Anti-inflammatory||Antibiofilm||Anti-Escherichia coli KCTC 1682, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 1637, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Salmonella typhimurium KCTC 1926, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Bacillus subtilis KCTC 3068, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus epidermidis KCTC 1917, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1621, activity value is MIC = 4 uM amino acid substitution, segment substitution|||amino acid substitution, segment substitution|||Synthetic construct Helix "The core data related to the hemolytic activity of BMAP-18 and its aliphatic analog BMAP-18-FL in this document are reflected by the hemolysis rate. The experiment was conducted using sheep red blood cells (sRBCs) as the detection target, with PBS as the blank control (0% hemolysis) and 0.1% Triton X-100 as the complete hemolysis positive control (100% hemolysis). The hemolysis rate was calculated by measuring the absorbance at 405 nm. Specific information is as follows: 1. Core hemolytic values (hemolysis rate) - BMAP-18 (aromatic peptide containing phenylalanine): - Concentration <16 µM: No significant hemolysis (hemolysis rate ≈ 0%). - 64 µM: Hemolysis rate approximately 20%; with increasing concentration, hemolytic activity slightly increases, but still remains at a low hemolysis level. - BMAP-18-FL (aliphatic analog, phenylalanine replaced by leucine): - Concentration <16 µM: No significant hemolysis (hemolysis rate ≈ 0%). - 64 µM: Hemolysis rate <10%, significantly lower than BMAP-18 at the same concentration (20%), indicating better safety. - Positive control (bee venom peptide, melittin): Shows strong hemolytic activity even at low concentrations (e.g., hemolysis rate close to 100% at 4 µM), sharply contrasting with the low hemolytic properties of BMAP-18 and BMAP-18-FL (Figure 4a). 2. Additional notes - Relationship between hemolytic activity and structure: BMAP-18-FL replaces the aromatic phenylalanine with the aliphatic leucine, resulting in a milder hydrophobic distribution. At 64 µM, its hemolysis rate is only half that of BMAP-18, indicating that replacing aromatic residues with aliphatic ones can reduce peptide damage to red blood cell membranes without affecting antibacterial activity (MIC = 16–32 µM, Table 2). - Safety window: The effective antibacterial concentrations of both peptides (16–32 µM) are lower than the concentration at which hemolytic activity significantly increases (64 µM), and there is almost no hemolysis at antibacterial concentrations, providing a good safety application window. - Consistency in cytotoxicity: The toxicity of both peptides to mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells is consistent with the hemolytic trend — at 64 µM, cell viability is >70% (Figure 4b), and BMAP-18-FL exhibits slightly lower cytotoxicity than BMAP-18, further confirming its low damage to mammalian cells.|||Both peptides did not induce hemolytic activity below 16000000 uM. At a concentration of 64000000 uM, BMAP-18-FL caused less than 10%hemolysis, while BMAP-18 induced about 20% hemolysis (Figure 4a).|||Human erythrocytes (10% Hemolysis at 300 uM|||According to the provided document content, the text explicitly mentions two peptides (BMAP-18, BMAP-18-FL) and hemolytic data for control substances (melittin, Triton X-100), as follows: 1. Test Conditions Experimental subjects: Sheep red blood cells (sRBCs). Control settings: PBS treatment as 0% hemolysis negative control, 0.1% Triton X-100 treatment as 100% hemolysis positive control, and melittin as the reference peptide. Detection method: Peptide solutions (serially diluted concentrations) were incubated with 4% red blood cell suspension at 37°C for 1 hour, then centrifuged, and absorbance at 405 nm was measured. Hemolysis rate was calculated using the formula: % Hemolysis = (Abs_peptide solution - Abs_PBS) / (Abs_0.1% Triton X-100 - Abs_PBS) × 100 2. Hemolysis Results (1) Concentration-dependent hemolysis (% Hemolysis) Low concentration (≤16 μM): BMAP-18 and BMAP-18-FL showed no obvious hemolysis and did not induce red blood cell rupture. Medium-high concentration (64 μM): BMAP-18: Hemolysis rate approximately 20%. BMAP-18-FL: Hemolysis rate below 10%, significantly lower than BMAP-18. High concentration (>64 μM): As the concentration increased, the hemolysis rates of both peptides may rise, but specific values were not mentioned in the document; the reference peptide, melittin, displayed strong hemolytic activity even at low concentrations (consistent with the previous document stating ""5 μM melittin leads to 100% hemolysis""). (2) Key Conclusions BMAP-18-FL, by replacing the aromatic phenylalanine of BMAP-18 with aliphatic leucine, significantly reduced hemolysis while maintaining antibacterial activity (hemolysis rate <10% at 64 μM vs. 20% for BMAP-18). Both peptides exhibited no hemolysis at effective antibacterial concentrations (16~32 μM), demonstrating better safety." "Pharmaceuticals (Basel) . 2023 Sep 25;16(10):1356. doi: 10.3390/ph16101356.|||Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Sep 25;16(10):1356. doi: 10.3390/ph16101356. PubMed.|||21497177|||Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Sep 25;16(10):1356. doi: 10.3390/ph16101356. PubMed." 18 FPDB01184 AP03768|||AP03768|||SK-24 " SKEKIGKEFKRIVQRIKDFLRNLV" Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm||Antibacterial structure-based Sequence truncation, human cathelicidin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative|||structure-based Sequence truncation, human cathelicidin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative|||Synthetic construct Helix "In this research document, the hemolytic values for SK-24 and related peptides are as follows: - SK-24: At the highest tested concentration of 200 µM, the hemolysis rate remained below 25%, and its 50% hemolytic concentration (HC_{50}) is greater than 200 µM, making it one of the peptides with the lowest hemolytic activity among all LL-37-derived peptides (similar to RI-10). - LL-37: No hemolytic activity below 100 µM; at 200 µM, the hemolysis rate reaches 70%, with an HC_{50} of approximately 175 µM. - GF-17: Shows a similar trend to LL-37, with a sharp increase in hemolysis rate starting at 100 µM, and an HC_{50} of approximately 175 µM. - GI-20: Slightly higher hemolytic activity than GF-17, with an HC_{50} of approximately 160 µM. - 17BIPHE2: Lower hemolytic activity, with an HC_{50} of approximately 200 µM, similar to SK-24. - RI-10: Lowest hemolytic activity, similar to SK-24, but has no antibacterial activity. The above data come from the section ""2.6. Hemolytic Ability of SK-24"" and Figure 7 (Hemolytic toxicity of SK-24...), with hemolysis calculated by measuring the release of hemoglobin from human red blood cells (hRBCs). 1% Triton X-100 was used as a positive control (100% hemolysis) and physiological saline as a negative control.|||Similar to RI-10, SK-24 displayed minimal hemolysis (<25%) even at 200000000 uM (Figure 7), indicating a 50% hemolytic concen tration (HC50) greater than 200000000 uM. This appears to correspond to its lowest calculated hydrophobicity in Table 1. LL-37 showed no hemolysis below 100000000 uM. At 200000000 uM,however, it became rather hemolytic (70% hemolysis) with an HC50 of ~175000000 uM. Like LL-37, GF-17 showed an abrupt increase in hemolysis at 100000000 uM (HC50 ~175000000 uM).|||Human RBC (19% hemolysis at 200 uM)|||The hemolytic values of SK-24 and other related peptides (LL-37, GF-17, GI-20, RI-10, 17BIPHE2) in the document are as follows: 1. SK-24: Even at the highest tested concentration of 200 μM, its hemolysis rate remains below 25%, with half the hemolysis concentration (HC₅₀) above 200 μM, making it one of the least hemolytic peptides among all LL-37 derivative peptides. 2. LL-37: No hemolysis below 100 μM; at 200 μM, hemolysis rate rises sharply to about 70%, and the half-hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀) is about 175 μM. 3. GF-17: At 100 uM concentration, hemolysis rate rises sharply, half hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀) matches LL-37, about 175 uM, and at 200 uM, hemolysis exceeds 50% (exact value unclear). 4. GI-20: Hemolytic slightly higher than GF-17, with half hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀) about 160 uM, lower than LL-37 and GF-17, hemolysis rate exceeds 50% at 200 uM (exact value unknown). 5. RI-10: Extremely low hemolysis, comparable to SK-24; at 200 μM, hemolysis rate is below 25%, and half hemolysis concentration (HC₅₀) exceeds 200 μM, suggesting its low hemolysis is related to short sequence length. 6. 17BIPHE2: Weak hemolysis, hemolysis rate below 25% at 200 uM, half hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀) about 200 uM, classified as a low-lysing peptide along with SK-24 and RI-10. Additional notes: All hemolytic tests use human red blood cells (hRBCs), with 1% Triton X-100 as the positive control (corresponding to 100% hemolysis) and normal saline as the negative control (corresponding to 0% hemolysis). Incubation conditions are 37°C for 1 hour. The hemolytic activity of peptides is related to their hydrophobicity. SK-24 has low hydrophobicity (Pho%=37%) and no additional hydrophobic modifications, weakly destroying human red blood cell membranes; GI-20 and GF-17 have higher hydrophobicity (Pho%=45%~47%) and stronger hemolytic activity." "Pharmaceuticals (Basel) . 2021 Nov 30;14(12):1245. doi: 10.3390/ph14121245.|||Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Nov 30;14(12):1245. doi: 10.3390/ph14121245. PubMed|||34959645|||Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Nov 30;14(12):1245. doi: 10.3390/ph14121245. PubMed" 24 FPDB01220 AP03895|||AP03895|||WT WWWLRRIW Anti-E. coli K12, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-S. epidermidis 1457, activity value is MIC = 6.2||Anti-B. subtilis 168, activity value is MIC = 3.1||Anti-and S. aureus USA300, activity value is MIC = 1.6||activity value is MBC = 3.1 uM||Anti-C-glabrata, activity value is MIC > 25 uM||Anti-and C. tropicalis, activity value is MIC = 3.1 uM||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 3.1 uM||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 6.2 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm Amino acid substitution, designed Rich "TetraF2W-KK: Human red blood cells 40 uM, pig red blood cells 55 uM, chicken red blood cells 50 uM TetraF2W-KR: Human red blood cells 30 uM, pig red blood cells 50 uM, chicken red blood cells 35 uM TetraF2W-RK: Human red blood cells 30 uM, pig red blood cells 40 uM, chicken red blood cells 35 uM TetraF2W-RR: Human red blood cells 20 uM, pig red blood cells 40 uM, chicken red blood cells 55 uM|||human RBC HC50 20 uM.|||Human RBC (HL50 = 35 uM)|||The hemolytic-related data provided in the document represent the 50% hemolysis concentrations (LC_{50}) of different TetraF2W series peptides against various red blood cells and human cells. The specific values are shown in the table below (unit: µM): Peptide Name | Human RBCs | Pig RBCs | Chicken RBCs | Human HEK293 Cells | Human HaCaT Cells | Human HeLa Cells TetraF2W-KK | 40 | 55 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 70 TetraF2W-KR | 30 | 50 | 35 | 55 | 60 | 100 TetraF2W-RK | 30 | 40 | 35 | 60 | 60 | >100 TetraF2W-RR | 20 | 40 | 55 | 70 | 70 | 60 Supplementary Notes: Hemolysis tests used 1% Triton X-100 treated corresponding red blood cells as the 100% hemolysis positive control and PBS buffer treated cells as the 0% hemolysis negative control. Hemolysis rate was calculated by measuring hemoglobin release at 545 nm. LC_{50} is the peptide concentration that causes 50% of the cells to undergo hemolysis. There are differences in sensitivity to peptides among red blood cells of different origins: pig red blood cells are most similar in sensitivity to human red blood cells, followed by chicken red blood cells. Cow red blood cells are the least sensitive to these peptides (hemolysis rate at 50 µM concentration is only 10-20%, not included in the table above). From a cytotoxicity perspective, TetraF2W-RR has the highest LC_{50} against normal human cells (HEK293, HaCaT) at 70 µM, indicating relatively low toxicity; whereas TetraF2W-KK is the most toxic to human red blood cells (LC_{50} = 20 µM).|||human RBC HC50 20 uM." 2017 Feb:49:316-328. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.061. Epub 2016 Nov 30.|||Acta Biomater. 2017 Feb;49:316-328. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.061. PubMed|||28731688|||Acta Biomater. 2017 Feb;49:316-328. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.061. PubMed|||Acta Biomater. 2017 Feb;49:316-328. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.061. PubMed 8 FPDB01237 AP03934 " FLGTVLKVAAKVLPAALCQIFKKC" Anti-S. aureus ATCC 6538 or MRSA, activity value is MIC = 1||Anti-E. faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC BAA 747, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm skin secretion, the broad-folded frog, Hylarana latouchii|||skin secretion, the broad-folded frog, Hylarana latouchii N/A "B1LTe: HC50 value is 6.4 uM. D-L: HC50 value is 11.6 uM. D-K: HC50 value exceeds 128 uM. D-R: HC50 value exceeds 128 uM. 5R: HC50 value exceeds 128 uM.|||human RBC: HC50 6.4 uM, highly hemolytic.|||The hemolysis-related data provided in the document are 50% hemolysis concentration (HC_{50}), geometric mean (GM) and therapeutic index (TI) of B1LTE and its derivatives on horse red blood cells. The specific values are shown in the following table (unit: uM): Peptide name GM (Gram-positive bacteria) GM (Gram-negative bacteria) GM (all strains) TI (Gram-positive bacteria) TI (Gram-negative bacteria) TI (all strains) B1Lte 6.4 1.6 8 4 4.0 0.8 1.6 D-L 11.6 2 5.7 3.6 5.8 2.0 3.2 D-K >128 8 16 11.9 32.0 16.0 21.5 K-R 8.4 2 9.5 4.9 4.2 0.9 1.7 9000 ml 12.3 10.1 53.8 26.3 1.2 0.2 0.5 D-9000 ml 27.8 2 6.7 4 13.9 4.1 7.0 9L10000 ml 42.9 2.5 4 3.3 17.2 10.7 13.0 2D-R 17.5 2 4 3 8.8 4.4 5.8 Q-D-R 17.1 1.3 3.4 2.2 13.2 5.0 7.8 D-R >128 3.2 6.7 4.9 80.0 38.2 52.2 5R >128 2.5 4.8 3.6 102.4 53.3 71.1 Additional note: 1. Hemolysis test method: 2% horse red blood cell suspension was taken as the experimental object, incubated at 37°C for 2 hours, treated with 0.1 Triton X-100 as 100 hemolysis positive control, and treated with PBS as 0% hemolysis negative control. Hemolysis rate was calculated by detecting hemoglobin release at 570 nm, and HC_{50} was the peptide concentration that hemolyzed 50% red blood cells. 2. Characteristics of key peptides: Derivative 5R has the lowest hemolysis (HC_{50}>128 uM) and the highest therapeutic index (TI = 71.1 for all strains, TI = 102.4 for gram-positive bacteria, TI = 53.3 for gram-negative bacteria), and is the candidate peptide with the best safety and antibacterial selectivity among all peptides. When HC_{50} exceeds 128 uM, the TI is calculated as 250 uM to ensure the rationality of the TI value. 3. Toxicity correlation: D-arginine (D-Arg) substitution can reduce hemolysis compared with D-lysine (D-Lys). For example, D-R HC_{50}(>128 uM) is significantly higher than D-K(>128 uM,TI is lower), and 5R is optimized by integrating D-Arg, etc, the toxicity to mammalian cells is further reduced (e. g., the ICY60 = 40 uM for human keratinocyte HaCaT, which is much higher than the concentration required for its antibacterial activity)." 2023 Nov 19:21:5719-5737. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.11.031. eCollection 2023.|||Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2023 Nov 19;21:5719-5737. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.11.031. PubMed 24 FPDB01267 AP04071|||AP04071|||NZ2114|||AP114 " GFGCNGPWNEDDLRCHNHCKSIKGYKGGYCAKGGFVCKCY" Anti-Gram+ S. aureus ATCC 25923 or ATCC 6538 or MRSA ATCC 43300, activity value is MIC = 0.028||Anti-S. suis CVCC3309 or CVCC3928 or CVCC606, activity value is MIC = 0.028 uM||Anti-S. pneumoniae CVCC1.8722 or CVCC2350, activity value is MIC = 0.454||Anti-S-enteritidis CM, activity value is CC50 = 336||Anti-S-typhimurium ATCC14028, activity value is MIC > 7.273 uM||Anti-S-choleraesuis CV, activity value is CC50 = 3||Anti-S-pullorum CVCC1789, activity value is MIC > 7.273 uM||Anti-and E-coli CVCC195 or CICC21530, activity value is MIC > 7.273 uM||Antibacterial||Anti-Gram+||Anti-MRSA||Anti-inflammatory||Antibiofilm||Wound healing Amino acid substitution, fungal defensin analog, fungi-derived, natural derivatives|||Amino acid substitution, fungal defensin analog, fungi-derived, natural derivatives|||Synthetic construct Bridge RBC (1.00% hemolysis at 0.23-23.09 uM) 2009 Apr;53(4):1581-5. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01202-08. Epub 2009 Feb 2.||Chen et al., 2017||Zhang et al., 2024|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Apr;53(4):1581-5. PubMed||Chen et al., 2017||Zhang et al., 2024|||28229435|||28476579|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Apr;53(4):1581-5. PubMed 40 FPDB01340 AP04522 " FLSQILSTLRILL" Anti-S. aureus USA300 LAC and 5 clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 1||Anti-S. epidermidis 1457, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-E-coli E423-17, activity value is MIC > 16 uM||Anti-A-baumannii B28-16, activity value is MIC > 16 uM||Anti-P-aeruginosa E411-17, activity value is MIC > 16 uM||Anti-and K-pneumoniae E406-17, activity value is MIC > 16 uM||Anti-Gram+||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm designed, bacteria-derived, natural derivative N/A "YZ103：HC₅₀ >200 uMYZ104：HC₅₀ >200 uMYZ105：HC₅₀ 150 uMYZ106：HC₅₀ 50 uMYZ107：HC₅₀ 25 uM|||The document explicitly mentions the hemolytic values of the target peptides (YZ103, YZ104, YZ105, YZ106, YZ107), using the 50% hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀) as the core evaluation index. The specific data are as follows: Hemolytic values and related parameters of each peptide Peptide Name | 50% Hemolytic Concentration (HC₅₀, μM) | Cell Selectivity Index (HC₅₀/MIC) | HPLC Retention Time (min) YZ103 | >200 | NA (no antibacterial activity) | 8.770 YZ104 | >200 | NA (no antibacterial activity) | 11.746 YZ105 | 150 | 150 (MIC=1 μM) | 13.945 YZ106 | 50 | 25 (MIC=2 μM) | 12.312 YZ107 | 25 | 12.5 (MIC=2 μM) | 12.297 Key Notes 1. HC₅₀ Definition: The peptide concentration that causes 50% hemolysis of human red blood cells (hRBCs); a higher value indicates lower hemolytic toxicity of the peptide. 2. Cell Selectivity Index: Calculated as the ratio of HC₅₀ to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus USA300. A higher ratio indicates stronger bacterial selectivity and lower toxicity to human cells. Among them, YZ105 has the highest selectivity index (150) and is the focus of the study as a low-toxicity, high-efficiency candidate peptide. 3. Experimental Method: A series of diluted peptides were incubated with 2% human red blood cell suspension at 37 °C for 1 hour. 1% Triton X-100 (100% hemolysis) and PBS (0% hemolysis) were used as controls. Hemoglobin release was measured at 545 nm absorbance, hemolysis rates were calculated, and HC₅₀ was derived from fitting the data." 2022 Sep;114(5):e24269. doi: 10.1002/pep2.24269. Epub 2022 Apr 25.|||Pept Sci (Hoboken). 2022 Sep;114(5):e24269. doi: 10.1002/pep2.24269. PubMed 13 FPDB01358 AP04720 " FLKIIGKLLSGLL" Anti-Gram+ S. aureus NCTC 6538 or MRSA ATCC 12493, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-E. faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-and yeast C. albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm amino acid substitution, insects, animal-derived, natural derivative Helix VM：44.43 uMVM-3K：11.20 uMVM-3G：9.68 uMVM-3W：69.68 uMVM-3Y：221.2 uM|||horse RBC: HC50 11.2 uM, hemolytic|||hj7b02jo9i628j1oolms|||horse RBC: HC50 11.2 uM, hemolytic. 2022 Aug 25;11(9):1263. doi: 10.3390/biology11091263.|||Biology (Basel). 2022 Aug 25;11(9):1263. doi: 10.3390/biology11091263. PubMed|||Biology (Basel). 2022 Aug 25;11(9):1263. doi: 10.3390/biology11091263. PubMed 13 FPDB01359 AP04721 " FLGIIGKLLSGLL" Anti-Gram+ S. aureus NCTC 6538 or MRSA ATCC 12493, activity value is MIC = 1||Anti-E. faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-K.pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 512 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC > 128 uM||Anti-and yeast C. albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-Gram+||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm amino acid substitution, insects, animal-derived, natural derivative Helix VM：44.43 uMVM-3K：11.20 uMVM-3G：9.68 uMVM-3W：69.68 uMVM-3Y：221.2 uM|||horse RBC: HC50 9.7 uM, hemolytic.|||hj7b02jo9i628j1oolms 2022 Aug 25;11(9):1263. doi: 10.3390/biology11091263.|||Biology (Basel). 2022 Aug 25;11(9):1263. doi: 10.3390/biology11091263. PubMed 13 FPDB01360 AP04722 " FLWIIGKLLSGLL" Anti-Gram+ S. aureus NCTC 6538 or MRSA ATCC 12493, activity value is MIC = 1||Anti-E. faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-E.coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-K.pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-and yeast C.albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-Gram+||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm amino acid substitution, insects, animal-derived, natural derivative Helix VM：44.43 uMVM-3K：11.20 uMVM-3G：9.68 uMVM-3W：69.68 uMVM-3Y：221.2 uM|||horse RBC: HC50 9.7 uM, hemolytic.|||hj7b02jo9i628j1oolms 2022 Aug 25;11(9):1263. doi: 10.3390/biology11091263.|||Biology (Basel). 2022 Aug 25;11(9):1263. doi: 10.3390/biology11091263. PubMed 13 FPDB01361 AP04723 " FLYIIGKLLSGLL" Anti-Gram+ S. aureus NCTC 6538 or MRSA ATCC 12493, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-E. faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-E.coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-K.pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-and yeast C.albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC > 512 uM||Anti-Gram+||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm amino acid substitution, insects, animal-derived, natural derivative Helix VM：44.43 uMVM-3K：11.20 uMVM-3G：9.68 uMVM-3W：69.68 uMVM-3Y：221.2 uM|||horse RBC: HC50 211.2 uM, less hemo.lytic.|||hj7b02jo9i628j1oolms 2022 Aug 25;11(9):1263. doi: 10.3390/biology11091263.|||Biology (Basel). 2022 Aug 25;11(9):1263. doi: 10.3390/biology11091263. PubMed 13 FPDB01362 AP04816|||AP04816|||AP04817 " FLSLIPKAISAVSALAKHL" Anti-Gram+ S. aureus ATCC 6538 or MRSA NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-A.baumannii BAA 747, activity value is MIC > 128 uM||Anti-K. pneumonia ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-and fungi C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||anti-sepsis||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm amino acid substitution, amphibian peptide analog, animal-derived, natural derivative Helix PSTO2: 21.787K: 21.9718K: 20.59SR: 12.60SR2: 6.53SRD7: 74.78SR2D10: 75.24D1/D2: No obvious hemolysis (>512 uM)|||horse RBC: HC50 32-64 uM.|||w90c6t7w1sexseowqbf1 https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098|||Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098.|||Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098. MDPI|||Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098. MDPI 19 FPDB01363 AP04817 " FLSLIPKAISAVSALAKKL" Anti-Gram+ S. aureus ATCC 6538 or MRSA NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-E. coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-A. baumannii BAA 747, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-K. pneumonia ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-and fungi C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||anti-sepsis||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm amino acid substitution, amphibian peptide analog, animal-derived, natural derivative Helix PSTO2: 21.787K: 21.9718K: 20.59SR: 12.60SR2: 6.53SRD7: 74.78SR2D10: 75.24D1/D2: No obvious hemolysis (>512 uM)|||horse RBC: HC50 64 uM.|||w90c6t7w1sexseowqbf1 https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098|||Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098. MDPI|||Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(8):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16081098. MDPI 19 FPDB01364 AP04822 " FLPFLASLALKIL" Anti-Gram+ bacteria S. aureus ATCC CRM 6538 or MRSA BAA 1707 or clinical MRSA B038 V1S1 A, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-E. faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-E. coli NCTC 8739 or clinical BAA 2340, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC 9027 or PA14 or PAO1, activity value is MIC > 128 uM||Anti-K.pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC > 128 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm cutaneous secretion, the Ranidae frog, Amolops wuyiensis, China, Asia|||cutaneous secretion, the Ranidae frog, Amolops wuyiensis, China, Asia Helix Temporin-WY2：43.70QUB-1426：19.406K-WY2：27.796K-1426：15.65|||horse RBC: HC50=32-64 uM.|||dt4f2qo3x14ynprk3d0k 2024 Aug 13;14(1):18769. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67777-1.|||Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 13;14(1):18769. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67777-1. PubMed 13 FPDB01365 AP04823 " FLPKLLSALAKIL" Anti-Gram+ bacteria S. aureus ATCC CRM 6538 or MRSA BAA 1707 or clinical MRSA B038 V1S1 A, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-E. faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-E. coli NCTC 8739 or clinical BAA 2340, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 or PAO1, activity value is MIC = 16||Anti-P.aeruginosa PA14, activity value is MIC > 128 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm amino acid substitution, local sequence shuffling, amphibians, animal-derived, natural derivative Helix Temporin-WY2：43.70QUB-1426：19.406K-WY2：27.796K-1426：15.65|||horse RBC: HC50=16-32 uM.|||dt4f2qo3x14ynprk3d0k 2024 Aug 13;14(1):18769. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67777-1.|||Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 13;14(1):18769. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67777-1. PubMed 13 FPDB01366 AP04824 " KKKKKKFLPFLASLALKIL" Anti-Gram+ bacteria S. aureus ATCC CRM 6538 or MRSA BAA 1707 or clinical MRSA B038 V1S1 A, activity value is MIC = 4||Anti-E. faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-E. coli NCTC 8739 or clinical BAA 2340, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 or PA14 or PAO1, activity value is MIC = 4||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm Designed based an amphibian template Helix Temporin-WY2：43.70QUB-1426：19.406K-WY2：27.796K-1426：15.65|||horse RBC: HC50=32 uM.|||dt4f2qo3x14ynprk3d0k 2024 Aug 13;14(1):18769. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67777-1.|||Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 13;14(1):18769. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67777-1. PubMed 19 FPDB01367 AP04825 " KKKKKKFLPKLLSALAKIL" Anti-Gram+ bacteria S. aureus ATCC CRM 6538 or MRSA BAA 1707 or clinical MRSA B038 V1S1 A, activity value is MIC = 8||Anti-E. faecalis NCTC 12697, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-E. coli NCTC 8739 or clinical BAA 2340, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 or PA14 or PAO1, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm Designed based an amphibian derived template Helix Temporin-WY2：43.70QUB-1426：19.406K-WY2：27.796K-1426：15.65|||horse RBC: HC50=32 uM.|||dt4f2qo3x14ynprk3d0k 2024 Aug 13;14(1):18769. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67777-1.|||Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 13;14(1):18769. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-67777-1. PubMed 19 FPDB01374 AP04852 " LWGRFFRKWK" Anti-S. aureus USA300 MRSA, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-S. epidermidis 1457, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa E411-17, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli E423-17, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-and A-baumannii B28-16, activity value is MIC > 32 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm sequence truncation, amino acid substitution, human cathelicidin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative|||amino acid truncation, amino acid substitution, human cathelicidin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative N/A LL-10: No hemolytic activity was observed, and even at a concentration of 400 µM, there was no hemolysis. RK-9: No hemolytic activity was observed, and even at a concentration of 400 µM, there was no hemolysis. KR-8: Some toxicity was observed at a concentration of 400 µM, resulting in 18% hemolysis. RIK-10: Dose-dependent low-level hemolysis was observed at high concentrations, causing 18% hemolysis at 200 µM.|||human RBC: not hemo.lytic till 400 uM. Not toxic to human keratinocyte HaCaT cells (LC50 > 100 uM), human hepatoma HepG2 cells (LC50 >100 uM), and human lung carcinoma A549 cells (LC50 >100 uM).|||zp708x9rimruk8dyozky 2025 Feb;17(1):15-34. doi: 10.1007/s12602-024-10376-3. Epub 2024 Oct 8.|||Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2024 Oct 8. doi: 10.1007/s12602-024-10376-3. PubMed|||Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2025 Feb;17(1):15-34. doi: 10.1007/s12602-024-10376-3. PubMed 10 FPDB01375 AP04853 " RWWKKWWGK" Anti-S. aureus USA300 MRSA, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-S. epidermidis 1457, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa E411-17, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli E423-17, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-and A-baumannii B28-16, activity value is MIC > 32 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm sequence truncation, amino acid substitution, human cathelicidin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative|||amino acid truncation, amino acid substitution, human cathelicidin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative N/A human RBC: essentially not hemo.lytic till 400 uM. Not toxic to human keratinocyte HaCaT cells (LC50 > 100 uM), human hepatoma HepG2 cells (LC50 >100 uM), and human lung carcinoma A549 cells (LC50 >100 uM).|||zp708x9rimruk8dyozky 2025 Feb;17(1):15-34. doi: 10.1007/s12602-024-10376-3. Epub 2024 Oct 8.|||Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2024 Oct 8. doi: 10.1007/s12602-024-10376-3. PubMed|||Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2025 Feb;17(1):15-34. doi: 10.1007/s12602-024-10376-3. PubMed 9 FPDB01376 AP04854 " RWKRFLRNWV" Anti-S. aureus USA300 MRSA, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-S-epidermidis 1457, activity value is MIC > 32 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa E411-17, activity value is MIC = 4 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli E423-17, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-and A. baumannii B28-16, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm sequence truncation, amino acid substitution, human cathelicidin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative|||amino acid truncation, amino acid substitution, human cathelicidin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative Helix human RBC: not hemo.lytic till 100 uM (HC50 >400 uM). Not toxic to human keratinocyte HaCaT cells (LC50 100 uM), human hepatoma HepG2 cells (LC50 100 uM), and human lung carcinoma A549 cells (LC50 >100 uM) at least at the MIC.|||zp708x9rimruk8dyozky 2025 Feb;17(1):15-34. doi: 10.1007/s12602-024-10376-3. Epub 2024 Oct 8.|||Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2024 Oct 8. doi: 10.1007/s12602-024-10376-3. PubMed|||Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2025 Feb;17(1):15-34. doi: 10.1007/s12602-024-10376-3. PubMed 10 FPDB01408 AP05048 " GFGCNGPWAEDDLRCHRHCKSIKGYRGGYCAKGGFVCKCY" Anti-S. aureus MRSA ATCC 43300 and 8 clinical isolates, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-Gram+||Anti-MRSA||Anti-inflammatory||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm Amino acid substitution, fungal defensin analog, fungi-derived, natural derivatives Beta "Hemolytic values: A hemolysis rate of less than 3% indicates that the A24 peptide exhibits low hemolytic activity in in vitro experiments.|||The document focuses solely on hemolytic data for amphiphilic peptide A24, with the core indicator being hemolysis rate. The specific information is as follows: 1. Core hemolysis data of A24 Using mouse red blood cells as the test subject, hemolysis experiments were conducted using A24 at a 2-fold gradient concentration (0.5–256 ug/ml), with PBS as the blank control (0% hemolysis) and 0.1% Triton X-100 as the positive control (100% hemolysis). The results are as follows: - Hemolysis rate: At the highest test concentration (256 ug/ml), A24's hemolysis rate remains below 1%, with almost no hemolysis. - Safety association: Combined with in vitro cytotoxicity studies (mouse macrophages RAW264.7 and uterine epithelial cell BNCC359233 under 256 ug/ml A24 treatment, survival rates exceeded 78% and 85%, respectively) and in vivo acute toxicity tests (10,000 ug/kg A24 injections intraperitoneal/uterine for 7 consecutive days, with no abnormalities in mouse body weight, blood routine, biochemical indicators, or histopathology), indicating that A24 has excellent safety and extremely low hemolytic activity at effective antibacterial concentrations (2–16 ug/ml). 2. Details of the experimental method 1. Red blood cell treatment: Take 8% fresh mouse red blood cell suspension, mix with equal volumes of A24 at different concentrations, and incubate at 37°C for 1 hour. 2. Hemolysis rate test: After centrifuging 500 ×g for 5 minutes, measure the absorbance of the supernatant and calculate the hemolysis rate (formula: \text{hemolysis rate (%)} = \frac{A_{\text{sample}} - A_{\text{blank control}}}{A_{\text{positive control}} - A_{\text{blank control}}} \times 100\%). 3. Key Conclusions A24 has extremely low hemolysis (with a maximum hemolytic rate of 256 ug/ml <1%), and is far below its effective antibacterial concentration (MIC for multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is 2–16 ug/ml, MBC is 2–32 ug/ml), demonstrating high bacterial selectivity and no risk of erythrocytotoxicity, providing safety support for in vivo applications (such as peritonitis and endometritis treatment)." 2024 Nov 27;7(1):1582. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-07216-z.|||Commun Biol. 2024 Nov 27;7(1):1582. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-07216-z. PubMed 40 FPDB01433 AP05362 " KNRLNFLKKISQRYQKFALPQYLKTVYQHQKAMKPWIQPKTKVIPYVRYL" Anti-Gram- E. coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 1.25 uM||Anti-5 strains P. aeruginosa PA14 or KK27 or O1 or AA2 or RP73, activity value is MIC = 1.25||Anti-S. enteritidis 706 RIVM, activity value is MIC = 1.25 uM||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 17878, activity value is MIC = 1.25 uM||Anti-B. multivorans LMG 17582, activity value is MIC = 1.25 uM||Anti-B. cenocepacia LMG 18863, activity value is MIC = 1.25 uM||Anti-S. enterica ATCC 14028, activity value is MIC = 1.25 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603, activity value is MIC = 1.25 uM||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 12600 or 6538p or MRSA WKZ-2, activity value is MIC = 0.63||Anti-L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644, activity value is MIC = 1.25 uM||Anti-and E. faecalis ATCC 29212, activity value is MIC = 1.25 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antiviral||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm other methods predicted from bovine milk protein casein alphaS2 N/A "Significant hemolysis occurred only at 50 μM (≈70%). The IC₅₀ was calculated to be ≈31 μM.|||The document mentions the hemolytic-related results of the antimicrobial peptide KNR50, specifically as follows: - In hemolysis experiments with sheep red blood cells, KNR50 showed significant hemolysis at a concentration of 50 μM, with a hemolysis rate of approximately 70%; - Its half-maximal hemolytic concentration (IC_{50}) is 31 μM. It should be noted that the concentration at which KNR50 exerts its antibacterial effect is significantly lower than the concentration that causes hemolysis, indicating that it has good safety at effective antibacterial concentrations." 2025 Jun;311(Pt 3):143718. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143718. Epub 2025 May 7.|||Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 May 6:143718. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143718. PubMed 50 FPDB01480 AP00945|||AP00945|||OP-145 IGKEFKRIVERIKRFLRELVRPLR Anti-24 h incubation: Active against E. coli ATCC 8739, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 3 uM||Anti-C. albicans ATCC 10231, activity value is MIC = 6 uM||Anti-and A. niger ATCC 14406, activity value is MIC = 18 uM||Antibacterial||Antibiofilm||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||anti-sepsis peptide library screen, human cathelicidin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative|||peptide library screen, human cathelicidin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative|||Synthetic construct N/A N/A 2006 Apr;27(4):649-60. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.09.016. Epub 2005 Nov 7.||see ref|||2006 Apr;27(4):649-60. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.09.016. Epub 2005 Nov 7.||see ref|||26525663, 28890511|||Peptides. 2006 Apr;27(4):649-60. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.09.016. PubMed.|||Peptides. 2006 Apr;27(4):649-60. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.09.016. PubMed.||see ref 24 FPDB01496 AP02204 KTKKKLLKKT Anti-active agianst Gram- bacteria A. baumannii or 18 Acinetobacter spp. isolates, activity value is MIC = 50||Anti-13 E. coli strains, activity value is MIC = 50||Anti-8 Enterobacter spp. isolates, activity value is MIC = 50||Anti-16 K. pneumoniae strains, activity value is MIC = 50||Anti-33 P. aeruginosa strains, activity value is MIC = 50||Anti-17 S.maltophilia strains, activity value is MIC = 50||Anti-Gram-||anti-sepsis||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm Paenibacillus polymyxa var. colistinus; Also known as Bacillus polymyxa Nonhelixbeta "Paenibacillus polymyxa var. colistinus; Also known as Bacillus polymyxa|||The document contains limited information regarding the hemolytic properties of polymyxins and related substances. It does not specify exact hemolysis rates, but includes the following qualitative descriptions related to hemolytic activity: 1. Hemolytic behavior of polymyxin On blood agar plates, Bacillus polymyxa colonies producing polymyxins display very narrow but distinct hemolytic rings around them, though the exact hemolysis rates corresponding to these rings have not been measured. Experiments using media containing different concentrations of defibrinated rabbit blood (10%, 20%, 50%) confirmed that within the experimental range of polymyxin concentrations tested (maximum 32,000 µg/100 ml, minimum 1/256 dilution), polymyxin did not cause visible hemolysis, exhibiting only antibacterial activity (inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli). 2. Comparison of hemolysis of Bacillus polymyxa cell extracts A substance extracted from Bacillus polymyxa cells (poorly water-soluble, soluble in ethanol) did not have its hemolysis directly measured. However, this substance shows antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (inhibition at a concentration of 10 µg/ml), has no activity against Escherichia coli, and its properties resemble those of tyrothricin. Tyrothricin is known to show clear hemolytic activity, which can serve as a reference for comparison, but the specific hemolysis rate of this cell extract itself is not mentioned. 3. Hemolysis comparison with other antibiotics (to distinguish polymyxin) Tyrothricin: shows clear hemolytic activity, distinguishing it from polymyxin, which shows no visible hemolysis. Gramicidin S: has hemolytic activity, which differs from the hemolytic behavior of polymyxin." 1947 Jul;81(1):43-54|||Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1947 Jul;81(1):43-54. Pub-Med. 10 FPDB01503 AP02569|||AP02569|||Hc-CATH|||DRAMP29102|||Hc-CATH|||AP02569|||DRAMP29102 KFFKRLLKSVRRAVKKFRKKPRLIGLSTLL Anti-E. coli ATCC25922, activity value is MIC = 0.64 uM||Anti-K. oxytoca, activity value is MIC = 1.3 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC27853, activity value is MIC = 5.2||Anti-E. tarda, activity value is MIC = 0.64 uM||activity value is MIC = 1.3||Anti-and V. anguillarum . This peptide also showed good activity against aquatic bacteria Gram- V. alginolyticus, activity value is MIC = 2.59 uM||Anti-V. brasiliensis, activity value is MIC = 1.29 uM||Anti-V. cholerae, activity value is MIC = 0.64 uM||Anti-V. harveyi, activity value is MIC = 1.29 uM||Anti-V. parahaemolyticus, activity value is MIC = 0.64 uM||Anti-V. splendidus, activity value is MIC = 1.29 uM||Anti-V. vulnificus, activity value is MIC = 2.59 uM||Anti-A. hydrophila, activity value is MIC = 1.29 uM||Anti-A. sobria, activity value is MIC = 2.59 uM||Anti-A.veronii, activity value is MIC = 2.59 uM||Anti-and N. asteroides, activity value is MIC = 1.29||Anti-E. coli ATCC25922, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli 1 Clinically isolated strain, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli 2, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli 3, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli 4, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-S. dysenteriae, activity value is MIC = 0.59 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC27853, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-C. albicans 1 Clinically isolated strain, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-A. hydrophila, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-V. parahaemdyticus, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae 2, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae 3, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae 4, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae 5, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae 6, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae 7, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae 8, activity value is MIC = 75 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella oxytoca, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Proteus mirabilis, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-S. maltophilia 2, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa 1, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-Salmonella paratyphi A, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus ATCC25923, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus 4, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus 5, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Bacillus cereus, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Bacillus subtilis, activity value is MIC = 75 ug/ml||Anti-Enterococcus faecium, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-Nocardia asteroides, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans 1, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-C. albicans 2, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-C. albicans 3, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-C. albicans 4, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-C. albicans 5, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-C. albicans 6, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-Candida glabrata 1, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-Arcyria cinerea, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Aeromonas sobria, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-Aeromonas hydrophila, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-Aeromonas veronii, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-Vibrio vulnificus, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Vibrio harveyi, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Vibrio fluvialis, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Vibrio alginolyticus, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Vibrio parahaemdyticus, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Vibrio splendidus, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-Vibrio anguillarum, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Edwardsiella tarda, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antiviral||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-inflammatory||anti-sepsis||Antibiofilm||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli 1, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli 2, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli 3, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli 4, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Shigella dysenteriae, activity value is MIC = 0.59 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae 1, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae 2, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae 3, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae 4, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae 5, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae 6, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae 7, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae 8, activity value is MIC = 75 ug/ml||Anti-Serratia marcescens, activity value is MIC > 200 ug/ml||Anti-Proteus vulgaris, activity value is MIC > 200 ug/ml||Anti-Acinetobacter baumannii 1, activity value is MIC > 200 ug/ml||Anti-Acinetobacter baumannii 2, activity value is MIC > 200 ug/ml||Anti-Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, activity value is MIC > 200 ug/ml||Anti-Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 2, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, activity value is MIC > 200 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus 1, activity value is MIC > 200 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus 2, activity value is MIC > 200 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus 3, activity value is MIC > 200 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus 4, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus 5, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Enterococcus faecalis, activity value is MIC > 200 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus epidermidis, activity value is MIC > 200 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans 2, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans 3, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans 4, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans 5, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans 6, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-Candida glabrata, activity value is MIC > 200 ug/ml||Anti-Cryptococcus neoformans, activity value is MIC > 200 ug/ml||Anti-Pathogenic bacteria:Aeromonas sobria, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-Vibrio parahaemolyticus, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-##Gram-positive bacteria:Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-##Fungi:Candida albicans 1, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-##Pathogenic bacteria:Aeromonas sobria, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml venom gland, spleen, and lung, annulated sea snake, Hydrophis cyanocinctus, Asia|||Hydrophis cyanocinctus [Asian annulated sea snake ]|||venom gland, spleen, and lung, annulated sea snake, Hydrophis cyanocinctus, Asia|||Hydrophis cyanocinctus|||Hydrophis cyanocinctus [Asian annulated sea snake ]|||venom gland, spleen, and lung, annulated sea snake, Hydrophis cyanocinctus, Asia|||Hydrophis cyanocinctus Helix||Alpha helix,β-sheet,random coil "venom gland, spleen, and lung, annulated sea snake, Hydrophis cyanocinctus|||Human erythrocytes ( 5.25% at 200 ug/ml )|||The document explicitly provides the hemolytic values of sea snake cathelicidin (Hc-CATH), with specific information as follows: At a concentration of 200 μg/ml (approximately 55.12 μM, which is nearly 10 times the MIC value against most tested microorganisms), Hc-CATH has a hemolysis rate of 5.25% on human red blood cells. This data was determined through a hemolysis assay: 1% Triton X-100 (v/v) was used as the 100% hemolysis positive control, 0.9% physiological saline as the negative control, and the hemolysis rate of Hc-CATH at different concentrations was recorded. At a concentration of 200 μg/ml, the hemolysis rate was 5.25%, demonstrating its low hemolytic activity on mammalian red blood cells.|||The hemolytic value of Hc-CATH is: at a concentration of 200 µg/ml (55.12 µM), the hemolysis rate of human red blood cells is 5.25%.|||Human erythrocytes ( 5.25% at 200 ug/ml )|||HC-Cath has very low cytotoxicity to the tested mammalian cells. At a concentration of 200 μg/ml (55.12 μM, nearly 10 times higher than the MIC for most tested microorganisms), the cell death rates induced by HC-Cath were 4.70%, 3.63%, 1.30%, and 4.28%, respectively. In terms of hemolytic activity, the hemolysis rate of HC-Cath was 5.25% at the same concentration of 200 μg/ml. The adsorption and attachment of HC-CathBin to bacteria are the first steps of AMP-mediated cell killing.|||[Ref.26013823]5.25% Hemolysis against Human erythrocytes at 200 ug/ml(55.12 uM).|||Cytotoxicity and Hemolysis of Hc-CATH—As shown in Table6,Hc-CATH exhibited very low cytotoxicity toward the tested mammalian cells.At concentrations up to200 ug/ml(55.12u M,nearly 10-fold high than the MICs of most tested microorganisms), Hc-CATH induced cell death per-centages as low as 4.70, 3.63, 1.30, and 4.28% for HepG2, PC3,L929,and mouse peritoneal macrophage cells,respectively. As to hemolytic activity,Hc-CATH yielded a hemo lysis of 5.25%,at the same concentration of 200 ug/ml." "2015 Jul 3;290(27):16633-52. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.642645. Epub 2015 May 26||Ouyang et al., 2022||Wang et al., 2022|||J Biol Chem. 2015 Jul 3;290(27):16633-52. PubMed||Ouyang et al., 2022||Wang et al., 2022||He et al., 2022|||26013823|||J Biol Chem. 2015 Jul 3;290(27):16633-52. PubMed|||J Biol Chem. 2015 Jul 3;290(27):16633-52.||Ref.26013823|||26013823|||J Biol Chem . 2015 Jul 3;290(27):16633-52. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.642645. Epub 2015 May 26.||Ouyang et al., 2022||Wang et al., 2022||He et al., 2022|||J Biol Chem. 2015 Jul 3;290(27):16633-52.||Ref.26013823|||J Biol Chem. 2015 Jul 3;290(27):16633-52. PubMed" 30 FPDB01504 AP02570|||AP02570|||GL13K|||L-GL13K|||DRAMP21405 GKIIKLKASLKLL Anti-P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 5 ug/ml||Anti-S. gordonii, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Antibacterial||Anti-S. gordonii M5, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Xen41, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-inflammatory||anti-sepsis||Antibiofilm||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Xen36, activity value is MIC = 83.3 ug/ml||Anti-##Gram-negative bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 10.4 ug/ml a synthetic peptide derived from human Parotid secretory protein, designed|||Homo sapiens [Human]|||Synthetic construct|||synthetic construct Beta a synthetic peptide derived from human Parotid secretory protein, designed|||[Ref.31071184] LD50=560 ug/ml against human blood cells 2012 Jan;359(1-2):1-8. doi: 10.1007/s11010-011-0991-2. Epub 2011 Jul 16.|||Mol Cell Biochem. 2012 Jan;359(1-2):1-8. PubMed||Harmouche N et al., 2017|||30753942|||30534763|||Mol Cell Biochem. 2012 Jan;359(1-2):1-8. PubMed|||PLoS One. 2019 May 9;14(5):e0216669. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216669. eCollection 2019.||Ref.31071184 13 FPDB01511 AP02872|||AP02872|||Esculentin-1a|||DRAMP32294 GIFSKLAGKKIKNLLISGLKG Anti-fungus S. cerevisiae. Subsequent studies: active against S. agalactiae and P. aeruginosa/biofilms. Also active against C. jeikeium ATCC BAA-949, activity value is MIC = 0.125 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa AA11, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa AA43, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa KK1, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa AA11, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa KK1, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa TR1, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa MDR 1 clinical isolate, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa MDR 2 clinical isolate, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa MDR 3 clinical isolate, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa AA11, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa TR1, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa AA43, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa TR67, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||Chemotactic||anti-sepsis||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm||Wound healing||Antimicrobial||Anticancer Sequence truncation|||Pelophylax lessonae [Edible frog]|||Synthetic Helix Sequence truncation|||Sheep erythrocytes: 10% Hemolysis=64 uM "2007 Jun;1774(6):688-700. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.04.006. Epub 2007 Apr 21.|||Biochim Biophys Acta . 2007 Jun;1774(6):688-700. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.04.006. Epub 2007 Apr 21.|||31144441, 26162435, 23503622||Refer PubMed ID: 31144441||Refer PubMed ID: 26162435||Refer PubMed ID: 23503622|||Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Jun;1774(6):688-700. PubMed|||Biochim Biophys Acta . 2007 Jun;1774(6):688-700. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.04.006. Epub 2007 Apr 21.|||Antibiotics (Basel). 2020 Jul 26;9(8):448." 21 FPDB01515 AP02928 KTKKKFLKKT Polymyxin B is anti-film of P. mirabilis . BInds LPS:anti-inflammatory by supressing TNF-alpha released from murine RAW 264.7 cells and in vivo animal model:mouse:sepsis . It also has antifungal activity in vivo (Zhai and Lin 2013).||Polymyxin B is anti-film of P. mirabilis . It also has antifungal activity in vivo (Zhai and Lin 2013).||Anti-Gram-||Antifungal||Anti-inflammatory||anti-sepsis||Antibiofilm Bacillus aerosporus Greer N/A Bacillus aerosporus Greer "1947 Aug 23;159(4060):263. doi: 10.1038/160263a0.||see ref for AP3643||Liu MC et al., 2012|||Nature . 1947 Aug 23;159(4060):263.doi: 10.1038/160263a0.||Liu MC et al., 2012|||Nature. 1947 Aug 23;159(4060):263. PubMed, no abstract|||Nature . 1947 Aug 23;159(4060):263. doi: 10.1038/160263a0.||see ref for AP3643||Liu MC et al., 2012" 10 FPDB01524 AP03192 GFGCPNDYSCSNHCRDSIGCRGGYCKYHVICTCYGCKKRRSIQE Anti-GRam+ S. aureus ATCC 6538, activity value is MIC = 6||Anti-M. luteus ATCC 4698, activity value is MIC = 1.5||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Chemotactic||anti-sepsis||Antibiofilm manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum Bridge manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum "2020 Aug:103:266-276. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.025. Epub 2020 May 18.|||Fish Shellfish Immunol . 2020 Aug:103:266-276. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.025. Epub 2020 May 18.|||Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020; 103:266-276. doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.025. PubMed" 44 FPDB01531 AP03449|||AP03449|||PN5 FKFLARTGKFL Anti-foodborne bacteria Gram+ S. aureus ATCC25923, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-L. monocytogenes KCTC3710, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-B. subtilis KCTC 2217, activity value is MIC = 5.3 ug/ml||Anti-S. typhimurium KCTC1926, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 5.3 ug/ml||Anti-and A. baumannii KCTC 2508, activity value is MIC = 5.3 ug/ml||Anti-MIC of peptide without C terminal modification: [Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, activity value is MIC = 32||Anti-Listeria monocytogenes KCTC3710, activity value is MIC = 32||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC25922, activity value is MIC = 64||Anti-Salmonella typhimurium KCTC1926, activity value is MIC = 64||Anti-MIC of peptide with C terminal NH2: [Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, activity value is MIC = 16||Anti-Salmonella typhimurium KCTC1926, activity value is MIC = 32||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Anti-inflammatory||anti-sepsis||Antibiofilm Pine Needles,Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.|||Synthetic construct Helix "Pine Needles,Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.||At the effective antibacterial concentrations (MIC = 32–64 ug/ml), the hemolysis rate was < 1%, with no significant red blood cell damage observed.|||Pine Needles,Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.||The toxicity of the AMPs against eukaryotic cells was evaluated based on their lytic ability at tested concentrations (0–200 ug/ml; Figure 5A). The percentage of hemolysis was determined by measuring the amount of mouse hemoglobin released after incubation with PN-#5, PN-#7, PN-#8, PN-#10, or melittin (the reference AMP). The PN peptides did not cause hemolysis even at a concentration of 200 ug/ml. In contrast, melittin induced hemolysis even at the lowest concentration (3 ug/ml). The cytotoxicity of the peptides against RAW264.7 murine macrophages and HaCaT keratinocytes is shown in Figures 5B,C, respectively. The PN peptides at a concentration of 200 ug/ml caused less than 20% cytotoxicity in the RAW264.7 and HaCaT cell lines. These results suggested that the PN peptides are not toxic in the MIC range. In contrast, melittin, the reference AMP, caused 100% lysis at a concentration of 12.5 ug/ml (Figures 5B,C).|||Mouse RBC (5% hemolysis at 200 ug/ml)|||The core hemolytic data of antimicrobial peptides (PN peptides) isolated from red pine (Pinus densiflora) needles and their synthetic analogs in the document are as follows. The test subject was mouse red blood cells (mRBCs), and the key indicator was the hemolysis rate at different concentrations: 1. Naturally purified antimicrobial peptides (PN-#5, PN-#7, PN-#8, PN-#10) Test concentration range: 0–200 µg/ml (covering their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against foodborne bacteria: 8–128 µg/ml). Hemolysis results: At the highest test concentration of 200 µg/ml, none of the four natural PN peptides showed detectable hemolytic activity (hemolysis rate 0%), with no significant difference compared to the negative control (PBS). Control comparison: Positive control melittin (bee venom peptide) induced hemolysis at a low concentration (3 µg/ml), highlighting the low toxicity advantage of PN peptides. 2. Synthetic antimicrobial peptides (PN5, PN5-NH₂) Two peptides synthesized based on the N-terminal sequence of natural PN-#5 (FKFLARTGKFL), with hemolysis data as follows: PN5 (non-amidated): At 200 µg/ml, the hemolysis rate was only about 5%, consistent with the toxicity of natural PN-#5. PN5-NH₂ (C-terminal amidation): Specific hemolysis rates were not listed individually, but experiments showed that its toxicity trend was consistent with PN5 — no significant hemolysis within the MIC range (16–64 µg/ml), and maintained low hemolysis at the high concentration of 200 µg/ml (comparable to the natural peptide). Supplementary Notes Control settings: Negative control (PBS) hemolysis rate was 0%, positive control (0.1% Triton X-100) hemolysis rate was 100%, all data calibrated accordingly. Key conclusion: All PN peptides (natural and synthetic) showed no hemolytic activity at concentrations effective against foodborne bacteria (8–128 µg/ml). Even at the high concentration of 200 µg/ml, they maintained very low hemolysis rates, with cytotoxicity to human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and mouse macrophages (RAW264.7) below 20%, providing a safety basis for applications in the food industry and pharmaceuticals.|||At the effective antibacterial concentrations (MIC = 32–64 ug/ml), the hemolysis rate was < 1%, with no significant red blood cell damage observed.|||The toxicity of the AMPs against eukaryotic cells was evaluated based on their lytic ability at tested concentrations (0–200 ug/ml; Figure 5A). The percentage of hemolysis was determined by measuring the amount of mouse hemoglobin released after incubation with PN-#5, PN-#7, PN-#8, PN-#10, or melittin (the reference AMP). The PN peptides did not cause hemolysis even at a concentration of 200 ug/ml. In contrast, melittin induced hemolysis even at the lowest concentration (3 ug/ml). The cytotoxicity of the peptides against RAW264.7 murine macrophages and HaCaT keratinocytes is shown in Figures 5B,C, respectively. The PN peptides at a concentration of 200 ug/ml caused less than 20% cytotoxicity in the RAW264.7 and HaCaT cell lines. These results suggested that the PN peptides are not toxic in the MIC range. In contrast, melittin, the reference AMP, caused 100% lysis at a concentration of 12.5 ug/ml (Figures 5B,C)." "2021 May 20:12:662462. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662462. eCollection 2021|||Front Microbiol. 2021 May 20;12:662462. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662462. PubMed|||Front Microbiol . 2021 May 20:12:662462. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662462. eCollection 2021.|||34093476|||Front Microbiol. 2021 May 20;12:662462. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662462. PubMed|||Front Microbiol. 2021 May 20;12:662462. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662462. PubMed|||Front Microbiol . 2021 May 20:12:662462. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.662462. eCollection 2021." 11 FPDB01587 AP00095|||Temporin-B|||AP00095|||Temporin-B|||AP00095 LLPIVGNLLKSLL Anti-S. pyogenes beta hem. group A, activity value is MIC = 2.8||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC15692, activity value is MIC > 360 uM||Anti-and C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-including parasites L. donovani promastigotes and L. mexicana, activity value is MIC = 24||Anti-and A. baumannii, activity value is MIC = 24 uM||Antibacterial||Antifungal||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antiviral||candidacidal||Antiparasitic||Chemotactic||Antibiofilm||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 12 European common frog, Rana temporaria|||Rana temporaria [european common frog]|||European common frog, Rana temporaria|||Rana temporaria [european common frog]|||European common frog, Rana temporaria Helix "Hemolytic activity test results: Temporin A and Temporin B both showed less than 1% hemolysis of human red blood cells at a concentration of 120 μM, whereas bee venom peptide (melittin) can cause more than 90% red blood cell hemolysis at 0.9 μM. Example data: Temporin A: Hemolytic concentration > 120 μM. Temporin B: Hemolytic concentration > 120 μM. Melittin: Hemolytic concentration 0.9 μM.|||The document clearly mentions the hemolytic values of four main peptides (temporin A, temporin B, esculentin 1, cecropin A) and two control peptides (MLP, melittin), specifically their hemolytic activity against human red blood cells (expressed as ""lethal concentration, LC"", which is the minimum concentration that induces hemolysis), as follows: temporin A: >120 µM (no hemolytic activity observed even at concentrations exceeding 120 µM) temporin B: >120 µM (no hemolytic activity observed even at concentrations exceeding 120 µM) esculentin 1: >200 µM (no hemolytic activity observed even at concentrations exceeding 200 µM) cecropin A: >400 µM (no hemolytic activity observed even at concentrations exceeding 400 µM) Control peptide MLP (melittin-like peptide): 0.5 µM (induces hemolysis at extremely low concentrations) Control peptide melittin (bee venom peptide): 0.9 µM (induces hemolysis at extremely low concentrations) The above values were determined by the following experiment: peptides at different concentrations were co-incubated with human red blood cells, and hemolysis was observed. The ""lethal concentration"" (minimum hemolytic concentration) was calculated using the inhibition zone assay, which is the lowest peptide concentration that can induce red blood cell hemolysis; the higher the value, the weaker the peptide's hemolytic activity. Furthermore, the study indicates that the temporin family (such as temporin A and B), although structurally similar to the hemolytic peptides in wasp venom, has no inherent hemolytic activity, whereas the control peptides (MLP and melittin) strongly induce hemolysis at very low concentrations, highlighting the low toxicity advantage of temporins toward eukaryotic cells.|||The hemolytic concentration of temporin A on human red blood cells is >120 µM. The hemolytic concentration of temporin B on human red blood cells is >120 µM. The hemolytic concentration of melittin on human red blood cells is 0.9 µM. The hemolytic concentration of melittin-like peptide (MLP) on human red blood cells is 0.5 µM. The hemolytic concentration of defensin 1 (esculentin 1) on human red blood cells is >200 µM. The hemolytic concentration of cecropin A on human red blood cells is >400." "Eur J Biochem . 1996 Dec 15;242(3):788-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0788r.x.||Maisetta et al., 2016||Marcocci ME et al., 2018||Molecules. 2015 Feb 6;20(2):2775-85; J Biol Chem. 2005 Jan 14;280(2):984-90|||9022710|||Eur J Biochem. 1996 Dec 15;242(3):788-92. PubMed.|||9022710|||Eur J Biochem. 1996 Dec 15;242(3):788-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0788r.x.||Maisetta et al., 2016||Molecules. 2015 Feb 6;20(2):2775-85; J Biol Chem. 2005 Jan 14;280(2):984-90|||1996 Dec 15;242(3):788-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0788r.x.||Maisetta et al., 2016||Molecules. 2015 Feb 6;20(2):2775-85; J Biol Chem. 2005 Jan 14;280(2):984-90" 13 FPDB01663 AP00213|||Tachyplesin-3|||Tachyplesin III|||TP III|||AP00213|||DRAMP02940 KWCFRVCYRGICYRKCR Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 planktonic cells, activity value is MIC = 2 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 0.0625||Anti-and S. aureus ATCC 6538, activity value is MIC = 1||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 0.25||Anti-Escherichia coli DC2 CGSC 7139, activity value is MIC = 0.0625||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 1||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 6538, activity value is MIC = 4||Anti-Escherichia coli ML-35p, activity value is MIC = 0.062 uM||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae, activity value is MIC = 0.5 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is MIC = 0.5 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus 209P, activity value is MIC = 0.5 uM||Anti-B. subtilis B-886, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-M. luteus B-1314, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antibiofilm||Antimicrobial||Antibacterial Southeast Asian, Tachypleus gigas|||Tachypleus tridentatus|||Synthetic construct|||Limulus polyphemus [Atlantic horseshoe crab]|||Southeast Asian, Tachypleus gigas|||Bacillus subtilis Beta Human RBCs [Hemolytic concentration 50 (HC50) = 86.4 ± 12.2 uM]|||hRBC (20% hemolysis at 100 uM) 2229025|||31455019|||30486233|||J. Biochem. 1990; 108:261-266|||Org Lett. 2014 Feb 7;16(3):928-31. 17 FPDB02129 AP00897|||DRAMP02518 KRFKKFFKKLKNSVKKRAKKFFKKPKVIGVTFPF Anti-2011b) at concentrations < 1 uM). It also inhibit B. anthracis, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antibiofilm||Anti-Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 9955, activity value is MIC = 10 ug/ml||Anti-Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC BAA-1794, activity value is MIC = 10 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC 51659, activity value is MIC = 21 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 33495, activity value is MIC = 5.2 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC BAA-1705, activity value is MIC = 5.2 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 10 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC BAA-2110, activity value is MIC = 10 ug/ml Chinese cobra, Naja atra|||Naja atra Helix||Alpha helix, random coil "The synthetic peptide OH-CATH showed no hemolytic activity on human red blood cells at concentrations up to 200 µg/ml.|||According to the content provided in the document, only the hemolytic value of OH-CATH (a mature antimicrobial peptide derived from the king cobra) is explicitly mentioned, with the specific information as follows: Hemolytic value of OH-CATH: Even at concentrations as high as 200 µg/ml, it shows no hemolytic activity against human red blood cells (i.e., a hemolysis rate of 0%). The document does not mention the hemolytic values of cathelicidins derived from the other two cobras (Naja atra from Zhoushan and Bungarus fasciatus, NA-CATH and BF-CATH); hemolytic activity was only tested for OH-CATH, which exhibited extremely low hemolytic toxicity. This characteristic gives it the potential to be developed as a novel antimicrobial drug.|||[Ref.28089718] 0% hemolysis at 300 ug/ml against sheep red blood cells." 2008 Oct;29(10):1685-91. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.06.008. Epub 2008 Jun 24.||Blower et al., 2018||Dean S et al., 2011a|||Peptides. 2008 Oct;29(10):1685-1691. PubMed.|||Dev Comp Immunol. 2017 May;70:135-144.||Ref.28089718 34 FPDB02130 AP00898|||Temporin-1Sa|||Sha|||AP00898|||DRAMP01780|||Temporin-1Sa|||AP00898|||DRAMP01780 FLSGIVGMLGKLF Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 3 uM||Anti-E. faecalis ATCC 29212, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-negative E. coli ATCC 25922 or ATCC 35218, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 31 uM||Anti-C. albicans ATCC 90028, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, activity value is MIC = 31 uM||Anti-and S. cerevisiae, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-B. megaterium, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-E. coli ATCC 35218, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-S. cerevisiae, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Listeria ivanovii, activity value is MIC = 6 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antiviral||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antiparasitic||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 3 uM||Anti-Bacillus megaterium, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Antibacterial Pelophylax saharica, North Africa|||Pelophylax saharica [Sahara frog]|||Synthetic construct|||Pelophylax saharica, North Africa|||Pelophylax saharica (North Africa)|||Pelophylax saharica [Sahara frog]|||Pelophylax saharica, North Africa|||Pelophylax saharica (North Africa) Helix||Alpha helix "Temporin-1Sa: LC₅₀ value is 25 uM. Temporin-1Sb: LC₅₀ value is greater than 116 uM. Temporin-1Sc: LC₅₀ value is greater than 80 uM.|||Erythrocytes ( LC50 = 25 uM)|||According to the document, the hemolytic values of three novel temporin peptides (temporin-1Sa, -1Sb, -1Sc) derived from the skin of the North African Sahara frog (Pelophylax saharica) are expressed as the half-maximal hemolytic concentration (LC_{50}), as detailed below: temporin-1Sa: The LC_{50} against human red blood cells is 25 μM, exhibiting moderate hemolytic activity, and its hemolytic concentration (25 μM) is higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, 2–31 μM) for most tested strains. temporin-1Sb: The LC_{50} against human red blood cells is greater than 116 μM, showing no significant hemolytic activity; even at a concentration as high as 116 μM, the hemolysis rate does not reach 50%. temporin-1Sc: The LC_{50} against human red blood cells is greater than 80 μM, showing no significant hemolytic activity; even at a concentration as high as 80 μM, the hemolysis rate does not reach 50%. Note: LC_{50} refers to the peptide concentration that induces 50% hemolysis of human red blood cells. It is determined by incubating synthetic peptides at different concentrations (1–200 μM) with fresh human red blood cells for 1 hour and measuring the absorbance at 450 nm. The 0.1% Triton X-100 treated group is used as a 100% hemolysis control.|||Erythrocytes ( LC50 = 25 uM)|||The document mentions the hemolytic-related values of three temporin peptides secreted by the skin of the Sahara frog (Pelophylax saharica), as follows: - temporin-1Sa: the half-maximal hemolytic concentration (LC_{50}) against human red blood cells is 25 µM. - temporin-1Sb: showed no significant hemolytic activity at the tested concentration (>116 µM). - temporin-1Sc: showed no significant hemolytic activity at the tested concentration (>80 µM). In the experiment, the 0.1% Triton X-100 treatment group was used as a 100% hemolysis control, and the hemolysis rate was calculated by measuring the absorbance at 450 nm. The results showed that the hemolytic activity of temporin-1Sa was moderate and higher than its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against most bacterial strains.|||highly hemolytic, 50% hemolysis at 25 uM." 2008 Sep;29(9):1526-33. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.05.008. Epub 2008 May 18.|||18584916|||30813478|||Peptides. 2008 Sep;29(9):1526-3. Pub-Med|||Biomolecules. 2019 Oct 11;9(10):598.|||31614561|||18584916|||Peptides. 2008 Sep;29(9):1526-3. Pub-Med 13 FPDB02182 AP01048|||CAMPSQ10540|||AP01048 VQWRIRVAVIRK Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-and S. enterica serovar Typhi, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Antibacterial||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Chemotactic||Antibiofilm Engineered|||Synthetic construct|||Engineered N/A "DP7：HC₅₀ > 1280000 ug/LHH2：HC₅₀ = 415 ug/ml|||According to the content of the document, the study mainly measured the hemolytic values of the antimicrobial peptide DP7 and its parent peptide HH2. Through human red blood cell hemolysis experiments (using the 1% Tween-20 treatment group as the 100% hemolysis control), the following key results were obtained: DP7: Half-maximal hemolysis concentration (HC_{50}) >1280 μg/ml, indicating extremely low hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. HH2: Half-maximal hemolysis concentration (HC_{50}) was 415 μg/ml, showing significantly higher hemolysis compared to DP7. In the experiment, peptide concentrations started at 1280 μg/ml and were serially diluted twofold. Hemolysis rates were calculated by measuring absorbance at 405 nm. The results showed that DP7 did not reach 50% hemolysis even at the highest concentration tested, whereas HH2 exhibited stronger hemolytic activity at a lower concentration, demonstrating that DP7 has better safety for human red blood cells than HH2." 2014 Sep;58(9):5342-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02823-14. Epub 2014 Jun 30.|||31191493|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Sep;58(9):5342-9. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02823-14. Pub-Med. 12 FPDB02479 AP01578|||CAMPSQ3348|||AP01578|||Myxinidin|||AP01578|||DRAMP04532 GIHDILKYGKPS Anti-S. epidermis C621 and yeast had an MBC of 10 ug/ml. Also active against E. coli ATCC 11219, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 13388, activity value is MIC = 30 uM||Anti-S. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 14028, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 10031, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 6538, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Antibacterial||Antifungal||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||Wound healing||Antimicrobial||Anti-Gram+||Anti-Gram- Epidermal mucus, Myxine glutinosa L.|||Myxine glutinosa [Atlantic hagfish]|||Epidermal mucus, Myxine glutinosa L.|||Myxine glutinosa [Atlantic hagfish]|||Epidermal mucus, Myxine glutinosa L.|||Myxine glutinosa (Atlantic hagfish) Helix N/A "J Fish Dis . 2024 Apr;47(4):e13922. doi: 10.1111/jfd.13922. Epub 2024 Jan 10.|||19330556|||Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2009 Nov-Dec;11(6):748-57. PubMed|||19330556|||Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2009 Nov-Dec;11(6):748-57. PubMed|||Mar Biotechnol (NY). 2009 Nov-Dec;11(6):748-757." 12 FPDB02481 AP01581|||Phylloseptin-1|||AP01581|||DRAMP01288|||AP01581|||DRAMP01288 FLSLIPHIVSGVASIAKHF Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antiparasitic||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 5 uM the waxy monkey frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei, South America|||Scylla Phyllomedusa sauvagei [Sauvage's leaf frog]|||the waxy monkey frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei, South America|||Phyllomedusa sauvagei (Sauvage's leaf frog)|||the waxy monkey frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei, South America|||Phyllomedusa sauvagei (Sauvage's leaf frog) Helix "At 5 μM, the hemolytic activity of PSN-1 is relatively low, with a hemolysis rate of 6.7%.|||According to the document, the hemolytic value of the antimicrobial peptide Phylloseptin-1 (PSN-1) was measured using a horse red blood cell hemolysis assay (with 2% Triton X-100 treated group as 100% hemolysis control, and phosphate-buffered saline group as negative control). The key results are as follows: At the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) against Staphylococcus aureus (both 5 µM), the hemolysis rate of PSN-1 was only 6.7%, indicating low hemolytic activity toward mammalian red blood cells and higher selectivity for prokaryotic cell membranes over eukaryotic cell membranes. In the experiment, the PSN-1 concentration gradient ranged from 2.5 to 40 µM, and the hemolysis rate was calculated by measuring absorbance at 550 nm (formula: % hemolysis = (A - A0) / (AX - A0) × 100, where A is the absorbance of the peptide-treated group, A0 is the negative control absorbance, and AX is the positive control absorbance). The results showed that its hemolytic activity did not significantly increase with concentration, further confirming its low cytotoxicity.|||Wax monkey frog skin secretion of antimicrobial peptide PSN-1 study), PSN-1 at a concentration of 5 uM (its minimum inhibitory concentration of Staphylococcus aureus and minimum biofilm clearance concentration), the hemolysis rate of horse red blood cells is only 6.7, showing low hemolysis|||PSN-1 was found to possess a relatively low level of haemolytic activity (6.7%) at the MICandMBEC (5␮M)determined for S. aureus (Fig. 6). This experiment was repeated five times.|||6.7% at 5 uM" "Mol Immunol . 2010 Jul;47(11-12):2030-7. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.04.010. Epub 2010 May 6.|||18425600|||Mol Immunol. 2010 Jul;47(11-12):2030-7. PubMed|||Mol Immunol. 2010 Jul;47(11-12):2030-2037.|||20451254|||Mol Immunol. 2010 Jul;47(11-12):2030-7. PubMed" 19 FPDB02530 AP01640|||CAMPSQ9296|||CAMPSQ10783|||AP01640|||DRAMP18404|||Polybia-MPII|||AP01640 INWLKLGKMVIDAL Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Chemotactic||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||C.albicans(EC90 = 15.3 uM)||C. neoformans (EC90 = 22.7 uM)||S. aureus (EC90 = 2.9 uM)||Anti-A. baumannii Isolate AB 02, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-A. baumannii Isolate AB 53, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-A. baumannii Isolate AB 72, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 2.3 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 9 ug/ml||Antibacterial||Anti-G+ and G- bacteria such as E. coli, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-and B. cereus, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-and P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 38 uM||Anti-C. albicans, activity value is EC50 = 12.9 uM venom, social wasp, Polybia paulista; Also Pseudopolybia vespiceps testacea|||Pseudopolybia vespiceps [Social wasp]|||Pseudopolybia vespiceps testacea|||venom, social wasp, Polybia paulista; Also Pseudopolybia vespiceps testacea, South America|||venom, the social wasp, Pseudopolybia vespiceps testacea|||Pseudopolybia vespiceps [Social wasp]|||venom, social wasp, Polybia paulista; Also Pseudopolybia vespiceps testacea, South America Helix "The study measured the hemolytic activities of two novel mast cell degranulating peptides from Polybia paulista venom, Polybia-MP-II and Polybia-MP-III, using the half maximal effective concentration (ED_{50}) as an indicator. The ED_{50} values of their hemolytic activities were both 5×10^{-5} M, whereas the ED_{50 of melittin, used as a standard peptide, was 7×10^{-7} M. This indicates that Polybia-MP-II and Polybia-MP-III have hemolytic activity, with both showing the same hemolytic activity, but their hemolytic activity is weaker compared to melittin.|||According to the document, the hemolytic values of two novel mast cell degranulation peptides, Polybia-MP-II and Polybia-MP-III, isolated from the venom of the Brazilian social wasp (Polybia paulista), were determined via rat washed red blood cell (WRRBC) hemolysis assay (with 1% Triton X-100 treatment as the 100% hemolysis control). The key results are as follows: Polybia-MP-II and Polybia-MP-III: The hemolytic activities of both are consistent, with the half-maximal effective hemolysis concentration (ED_{50}) being 5×10⁻⁵ M. Control peptide (melittin): Used as a positive control, its ED_{50} is 7×10⁻⁷ M, showing hemolytic activity significantly higher than the two novel mast cell degranulation peptides, indicating that Polybia-MP-II and Polybia-MP-III have relatively low hemolytic activity toward rat red blood cells. In the experiment, the peptide concentration gradient was 10⁻⁷~10⁻⁵ M, and hemolysis was calculated by measuring absorbance at 540 nm. Results showed that the hemolytic ability of Polybia-MP-II was slightly stronger than that of Polybia-MP-III, which is related to its higher hydrophobicity and α-helix content, further demonstrating subtle differences in their interaction intensity with cell membranes.|||In this study, Polybia-MPII exhibited significant species-specific hemolytic activity, showing stronger hemolytic activity against mouse red blood cells than human red blood cells. Nevertheless, compared with similar peptides, its hemolysis rate is still relatively low, indicating a certain degree of selective toxicity. The results suggest that this peptide has potential in antibacterial therapy, but its hemolytic toxicity needs to be further optimized in subsequent studies." "Peptides . 2009 Aug;30(8):1387-95. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.05.008. Epub 2009 May 20.|||28108242|||30974767|||Peptides. 2009 Aug;30(8):1387-95. PubMed.|||Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2017 Feb;49(2):167-175. 2017|||28108242|||Peptides. 2009 Aug;30(8):1387-95. PubMed.||this ref||Silva JC et al., 2017" 14 FPDB02885 AP02126|||Antimicrobial peptide CT3-NDBP-5.15 precursor|||UyCT3|||NDBP-5.7|||AP02126|||NDBP-5.7|||AP02126 ILSAIWSGIKSLF Anti-and E. coli, activity value is MIC = 6||Anti-C. tropicalis ATCC 750, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-C. neoformans H99 serotype A, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-and C. neoformans B3501 serotype D, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25953, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 15 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, activity value is MIC = 6 uM||Anti-M. luteus, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-L. grayi, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-L. fleischmannii, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-L. monocytogenes, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-C. albicans SC5314, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, activity value is MIC > 400 uM||Anti-C. glabrata ATCC 90030, activity value is MIC > 400 uM||Anti-C. neoformans B3501 serotype D, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||Antibacterial Urodacus yaschenkoi|||Urodacus yaschenkoi [Inland robust scorpion]|||O. cayaporum|||venom, Urodacus yaschenkoi, Australia; also Opisthacanthus cayaporum|||O. cayaporum|||venom, Urodacus yaschenkoi, Australia; also Opisthacanthus cayaporum N/A "venom, Urodacus yaschenkoi, Australia; also Opisthacanthus cayaporum||HC₅₀ = 18 uM。|||Pig erythrocyte (50% hemolysis at 58.15 uM)|||The hemolytic values of the four synthetic peptides explicitly mentioned in the document (UyCT1, UyCT2, UyCT3, UyCT5) are as follows: 1. Hemolysis rate of each peptide at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (percentage) UyCT1: 26% against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25953), 17% against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and 17% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027). UyCT2: No activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25953) (no antibacterial activity at the highest test concentration of 100 uM, no corresponding hemolysis rate data); 7% against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), 7% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027). UyCT3: 20% against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25953), 35% against E. coli (ATCC 25922), and 5% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027). UyCT5: 0% against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25953), 37% against E. coli (ATCC 25922), and 0% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027). 2. Hemolysis rate of each peptide at 50 uM concentration (percentage) UyCT1：81% UyCT2：7% UyCT3：95% UyCT5：93% Additionally, the document mentions: UyCT2 has the lowest hemolytic activity among the four peptides, with a hemolytic rate of only 7% even at 50 μM. UyCT5 showed no hemolytic activity (0%) at MIC concentrations against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and showed 37% mild hemolysis only at MIC concentrations (15 uM) against E. coli. C-terminal amide formation of peptides is crucial for their antibacterial activity, but no direct impact of this modification on hemolysis is mentioned.|||Exhibits hemolysis against human erythrocytes|||the hemolytic activity of each peptide was assayed against human erythrocytes as a model of their cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. Peptide UyCT2 has a low percentage of hemolysis even at 50000 uM (6.8%), therefore, at MICvalues the percentage ofhemolysis is verylow (Table 4). Peptide UyCT1exhibits17–25%ofhemolysis at its respective MIC is shown in Table 4. UyCT5 does not show hemolysis at lower concentrations but for MIC at 15000 uMthe percentage of hemolysis is about 37%, making this peptide mildly hemolytic." "Toxicon. 2013 Mar 1:63:44-54. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.11.017. Epub 2012 Nov 23.||Guilhelmelli F et al., 2016|||23182832|||28067810, 23182833||Refer PubMed ID: 23182832|||27917162|||Toxicon. 2013 Mar 1;63:44-54. Pub-Med.|||27917162|||Toxicon . 2013 Mar 1:63:44-54. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.11.017. Epub 2012 Nov 23.||Guilhelmelli F et al., 2016" 13 FPDB02912 AP02172|||Css54|||AP02172|||DRAMP18488 FFGSLLSLGSKLLPSVFKLFQRKKE Anti-E. coli and S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 12.5 ug/ml||activity value is MFC = 4 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC = 12.5 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 12.5 ug/ml||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anti-##Gram-negative bacterium: Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC = 12.5 ug/ml Centruroides suffusus suffusus [Mexican scorpion]|||venoms, Centruroides suffusus suffusus, Mexico, North America|||Centruroides suffusus (Mexican scorpion) Helix "venoms, Centruroides suffusus suffusus, Mexico||25 uM/ml 83%；80 ug/ml 80%~100%|||The document explicitly mentions the hemolytic values of three antimicrobial peptides (La47, Css54, Pin2) against human red blood cells, which were measured by incubating the peptides with a 10% (v/v) human red blood cell suspension at room temperature for 1 hour. Deionized water was used as the 100% hemolysis positive control, and PBS served as the blank control. The specific data are as follows: 1. Hemolysis rate at key concentrations (percentage) At 25 µM concentration: Pin2: Hemolysis rate was 100%, complete hemolysis. Css54: Hemolysis rate was 83%, relatively strong hemolytic activity. La47: Hemolysis rate was only 2%, very weak hemolytic activity. At 80 µg/ml concentration: La47: Still showed no significant hemolysis, almost no toxicity to human red blood cells. Pin2 and Css54: At this concentration, they caused 80%~100% hemolysis of human red blood cells, significantly higher hemolytic activity than La47. 2. Supplementary conclusions Hemolytic activity is positively correlated with antimicrobial activity: Pin2 and Css54 have stronger antimicrobial activity (for example, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus are 10.4 µg/ml and 12.5 µg/ml, respectively), and their hemolytic activity is also higher; whereas La47 has weaker antimicrobial activity (MIC against Staphylococcus aureus is 84 µg/ml) and the lowest hemolytic activity. Safety differences: Due to its extremely low hemolytic activity, La47 may have higher safety for local topical treatment of epithelial tissue bacterial infections; although Pin2 and Css54 have strong antimicrobial abilities, their relatively high hemolytic activity limits their applicability to eukaryotic cells (such as red blood cells).|||[Ref.23093034]30% hemolytic activity at 9 uM, 67% hemolytic activity at 17 uM against human erythrocytes|||2.65% hemolysis at 4 uM; 80% hemolysis at 30 uM, HC50=15 uM, hemolytic at high concentrations." "J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2013 Jan;66(1):3-10.Pub-Med.||Park et al., 2024|||23093034|||J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2013 Jan;66(1):3-10.Pub-Med.|||J Antibiot (Tokyo) . 2013 Jan;66(1):3-10. doi: 10.1038/ja.2012.87. Epub 2012 Oct 24.||Park et al., 2024|||Ref.23093034|||J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2013 Jan;66(1):3-10.||Ref.23093034" 25 FPDB02966 AP02243|||DRAMP18213|||AP02243|||DRAMP18213 VKLFPVKLFP Anti-bactericidal: active against 15 strains E. faecium, activity value is MIC = 3.9 ug/ml||Anti-15 S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 3.9||Anti-E. cloacae, activity value is MIC = 1.95||Anti-15 P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 31.2||Anti-15 K. pneumoniae, activity value is MIC = 7.8||Anti-and 15 A. baumannii, activity value is MIC = 31.2||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||Spermicidal||Synergistic AMPs||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Antimicrobial||Antibacterial||Anti-Gram+||Anti-Gram- Bacillus brevis Beta||Beta sheet Bacillus brevis Nature 1944; 154: 703. PDF.||Swierstra et al., 2016|||Nature 1944; 154: 703. PDF.|||Int J Pept Protein Res. 1996 Jun;47(6):460-6.|||Nature 1944; 154: 703. PDF.||Swierstra et al., 2016|||Int J Pept Protein Res. 1996 Jun;47(6):460-6.Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 May;1838(5):1420-9. 10 FPDB03189 AP02520|||Enterocin O16|||AP02520|||DRAMP18259 LGSCVANKIKDEFFAMISISAIVKAAQKKAWKELAVTVLRFAKANGLKTNAIIVAGQLALWAVQCGLS Anti-A narrow-spectrum peptide with MIC in the range of nM. Active against L. sakei LMG 2313 or LMG 3354 or LMG 3355 or LMG 3356 or LMG 3357, activity value is MIC = 0.0005||Anti-and L. plantarum LMG 2003, activity value is MIC = 0.031 ug/ml||Anti-Latilactobacillus sakei LMG 2313, activity value is MIC = 0.0005 ug/ml||Anti-Latilactobacillus sakei LMG 3354, activity value is MIC = 0.25 ug/ml||Anti-Latilactobacillus sakei LMG 3355, activity value is MIC = 0.125 ug/ml||Anti-Latilactobacillus sakei LMG 3356, activity value is MIC = 0.0625 ug/ml||Anti-Latilactobacillus sakei LMG 3357, activity value is MIC = 0.5 ug/ml||Anti-Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LMG 2003, activity value is MIC = 0.031 ug/ml||Anti-Gram+||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||Antimicrobial||Antibacterial Enterococcus faecalis Helix Enterococcus faecalis "J Bacteriol. 2015 Jul 1;197(13):2112-21. PubMed|||https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25733609|||J Bacteriol. 2015 Jul 1;197(13):2112-21. PubMed|||J Bacteriol . 2015 Jul;197(13):2112-2121. doi: 10.1128/JB.02513-14. Epub 2015 Mar 2.|||J Bacteriol. 2015 Jul;197(13):2112-21.|||J Bacteriol. 2015 Jul 1;197(13):2112-21. PubMed" 68 FPDB03266 AP02622|||Holothuroidin 1|||AP02622 HLGHHALDHLLK Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antibiofilm||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, activity value is MIC > 12500 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 12500 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, activity value is MIC = 12500 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984, activity value is MIC = 12500 ug/ml||Anti-Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, activity value is MIC > 12500 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, activity value is MIC = 12500 ug/ml Synthetic construct|||sea-cucumber, Holothuria tubulosa N/A "sea-cucumber, Holothuria tubulosa||The hemolytic activity of antimicrobial peptides against mammalian erythrocytes is often used as to measure their cytotoxicity. The hemolytic experiment performed to evaluate the toxicity of the peptides H1 and H2 did not show measurable toxic effect against RBC (~ 1%)at MIC concentrations (Figure 4). A slight hemolytic activity, about 12.5%, was evident only at the highest concentration (50000 ug/ml) (Figure 5).|||sea-cucumber, Holothuria tubulosa||The haemolytic activity of antimicrobial peptides againstmammalian erythrocytes is often used as a preliminaryevaluation of their selective toxicity and of the interactionsof the cationic peptides with negatively charged mem-branes (Fischer et al. 2003; Wu et al. 2010) The performedhemolytic experiment to evaluate the interaction and thepotential toxicity of the peptides SP1 did not show ameasurable toxic effect against RBC (~1%) at MICconcentrations. A slight haemolytic activity, about 11.8%,|||The document clearly provides the hemolytic values of two synthetic peptides (Holothuroidin 1, H1 and Holothuroidin 2, H2), with specific information as follows: 1. Minimum test concentrations (1500 µg/ml, 3200 µg/ml, 6200 µg/ml) At these three concentrations, both peptides exhibited extremely low hemolysis rates against rabbit red blood cells (RE), approximately 1%, showing almost no noticeable hemolytic activity. Moreover, these concentrations cover their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC=12500 µg/ml) against planktonic bacteria, indicating low cytotoxicity. 2. Maximum test concentration (50000 µg/ml) Only at this concentration did both peptides show slight hemolytic activity, with a hemolysis rate of about 12.5%, which is still considered low hemolysis. The above data were measured through hemolysis experiments: 0.1% Triton-X 100 solution-induced complete hemolysis was set as the 100% control, PBS buffer-induced spontaneous hemolysis as the 0% control, and hemolysis rates were calculated by measuring the absorbance (OD value) of hemoglobin release at a wavelength of 541 nm. The results are the averages ± standard deviation of three independent experiments." AMB Express. 2013 Jun 24;3(1):35. PubMed|||23800329|||AMB Express. 2013 Jun 24;3(1):35. PubMed 12 FPDB03267 AP02623|||CAMPSQ10802|||AP02623 ASHLGHHALDHLLK Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antibiofilm||Anti-L. monocytogenes ATCC7644 medium, activity value is MIC = 5000 ug/ml Holothuria tubulosa [ Tubular sea cucumber]|||sea-cucumber, Holothuria tubulosa N/A "sea-cucumber, Holothuria tubulosa|||The document clearly provides the hemolytic values of two synthetic peptides (Holothuroidin 1, H1 and Holothuroidin 2, H2), with specific information as follows: 1. Minimum test concentrations (1500 µg/ml, 3200 µg/ml, 6200 µg/ml) At these three concentrations, both peptides exhibited extremely low hemolysis rates against rabbit red blood cells (RE), approximately 1%, showing almost no noticeable hemolytic activity. Moreover, these concentrations cover their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC=12500 µg/ml) against planktonic bacteria, indicating low cytotoxicity. 2. Maximum test concentration (50000 µg/ml) Only at this concentration did both peptides show slight hemolytic activity, with a hemolysis rate of about 12.5%, which is still considered low hemolysis. The above data were measured through hemolysis experiments: 0.1% Triton-X 100 solution-induced complete hemolysis was set as the 100% control, PBS buffer-induced spontaneous hemolysis as the 0% control, and hemolysis rates were calculated by measuring the absorbance (OD value) of hemoglobin release at a wavelength of 541 nm. The results are the averages ± standard deviation of three independent experiments." AMB Express. 2013 Jun 24;3(1):35. PubMed|||30857142|||AMB Express. 2013 Jun 24;3(1):35. PubMed 14 FPDB03268 AP02624|||Beta-thymosin|||AP02624 EVASFDKSKLK Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antibiofilm||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 12.5 ug/ml||Anti-S. epidermidis RP62A, activity value is MIC = 6.2 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC15442, activity value is MIC = 12.5 ug/ml Synthetic construct|||the coelomocyte cytosol, the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus N/A "the coelomocyte cytosol, the sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus|||Non-hemolytic against Rabbit erythrocytes|||The document explicitly provides the hemolytic values of the synthetic antimicrobial peptide Paracentrin 1 (abbreviated as SP1), with specific information as follows: 1. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and lower concentrations (1500 µg/ml, 3200 µg/ml, 6200 µg/ml) SP1 at these three concentrations showed extremely low hemolysis against rabbit erythrocytes (RE), only about 1%, indicating almost no noticeable hemolytic activity. This concentration range covers its MIC against planktonic bacteria (6200–12500 µg/ml), suggesting low cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells while exerting antimicrobial effects. 2. Highest tested concentration (50000 µg/ml) SP1 only exhibited slight hemolytic activity at this concentration, with a hemolysis rate of about 11.8%, still considered a relatively low hemolysis level. The above data were determined by hemolysis experiments: complete hemolysis induced by 0.1% Triton-X 100 solution was used as the 100% control, spontaneous hemolysis induced by PBS buffer was used as the 0% control, and hemolysis rates were calculated by measuring the absorbance (OD value) of released hemoglobin at 541 nm. The results represent the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments." AMB Express. 2014 Oct 31;4:78. PubMed|||25401078|||AMB Express. 2014 Oct 31;4:78. PubMed 11 FPDB03447 AP02867|||Phylloseptin Co, PS-Co|||AP02867|||Phylloseptin Co, PS-Co|||AP02867 FLSMIPKIAGGIASLVKNL Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-E.coli, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Antibacterial ; Synthetic construct||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans NCPF 1467, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-Gram+||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm Synthetic construct|||Phyllomedusa coelestis, South America N/A Phyllomedusa coelestis, South America|||Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 10788[MIC = 8 ug/ml], Escherichia coli NCTC 10418[MIC = 128 ug/ml], Candida albicans NCPF 1467[MIC = 16 ug/ml]||Horse erythrocytes (0% Hemolysis at 16 ug/ml|||Horse erythrocytes (0% Hemolysis at 16 ug/ml|||wermp6brpk76lmapykui|||Horse erythrocytes (0% Hemolysis at 16 ug/ml "Eur J Biochem . 1991 Nov 1;201(3):661-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb16327.x.|||https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27589802|||Toxins (Basel). 2016 Aug 31;8(9). pii: E255. doi: 10.3390/toxins8090255. PubMed|||27589802|||Toxins (Basel) . 2016 Aug 31;8(9):255. doi: 10.3390/toxins8090255.|||Toxins (Basel). 2016 Aug 31;8(9). pii: E255. doi: 10.3390/toxins8090255. PubMed" 19 FPDB03451 AP02876|||CAMPSQ13969|||AP02876|||Dhvar4|||AP02876|||DRAMP04246 KRLFKKLLFSLRKY Anti-and a fluconazole-resistant C. glabrata B57149 isolate, activity value is IC50 = 0.7||Anti-E. coli at 4 ug/ml . S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-B. subtilis, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-M. luteus, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-P. vulgaris, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-and P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 32 uM||Anti-10518718: S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 1250 ug/ml||Anti-S. mutans, activity value is MIC = 60 ug/ml||Anti-S. sobrinus, activity value is MIC = 60 ug/ml||Anti-S. salivarius, activity value is MIC = 60 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 30 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae, activity value is MIC = 125 ug/ml||Anti-31207076: S. mutans UA159, activity value is MIC = 6.8 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||Antibacterial||Antimicrobial Synthetic construct|||sequence truncation, histatin-derived,|||Synthetic construct|||sequence truncation, histatin-derived, Helix sequence truncation, histatin-derived,|||Refer 10338113: hRBC(HC50= >109 uM)|||Refer 10338113: hRBC(HC50= >109 uM) "Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 1999 Mar;43(3):702-4. doi: 10.1128/AAC.43.3.702.||Elving et al., 2000|||16940535, 10338115, 10518718, 31207076||Refer 10338113|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999 Mar;43(3):702-4. PubMed|||16940535, 10338115, 10518718, 31207076|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother . 1999 Mar;43(3):702-4. doi: 10.1128/AAC.43.3.702.||Elving et al., 2000|||FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1999 Oct 15;179(2):217-222.|||Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999 Mar;43(3):702-4. PubMed" 14 FPDB03467 AP02895 SMATPHVAGAAALILSKHPTWTNAQVRDRLESTATYLGNSFYYGK Anti-Gram+ B.cereus JCM 2152T or AHU 1358, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-B. licheniformis AHU 1371, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-B.megaterium AHU 1373, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-B. pumilus AHU 1386, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-B. subtilis 6 strains, activity value is MIC = 8||Anti-E.faecalis s strains HU1 VRE, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-L. fermentum ATCC 9338, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-L.plantarum NRIC 1067T, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-L.rhamnosus ATCC 7469T, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-S.aureus ATCC 25923 3 strains MRSA, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-S. agalactiae JCM 5671T, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-S. mitis JCM 12971T, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-S. mutans JCM 5705T, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and 6 strains, activity value is MIC = 8||Anti-S.pyogenes JCM 5674T, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-S.salivarius JCM 5707T, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-S. sanguinis JCM 5708T, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-A.baumannii ATCC 19606T or SRAC2, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-E.coli ATCC 25922 and 2 strains, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-H.infuenza ATCC 51907, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-P.aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-S.marcescens SRSM2, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-C.albicans SRCA1, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-Gram+||Antioxidant||Antibiofilm Bacillus subtilis group N/A Bacillus subtilis group "AMB Express . 2017 Dec;7(1):127. doi: 10.1186/s13568-017-0430-1. Epub 2017 Jun 20.|||AMB Express. 2017 Dec;7(1):127. doi: 10.1186/s13568-017-0430-1. PubMed" 45 FPDB03488 AP02925 NKGCSACAIGAACLADGPIPDFEVAGITGTFGIAS Active against S. aureus 4124 and S. saprophyticus 46s||Anti-Gram+||Antibiofilm Staphylococcus hyicus 4244 N/A Staphylococcus hyicus 4244 "Int J Antimicrob Agents . 2018 Mar;51(3):349-356.doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.06.025.Epub 2017 Jul 10.|||Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2018 Mar;51(3):349-356. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.06.025.PubMed" 35 FPDB03489 AP02927|||Beta-defensin130|||AP02927|||DRAMP02694 GVIPGQKQCIALKGVCRDKLCSTLDDTIGICNEGKKCCRRWWILEPYPTPVPKGKSP Anti-P. falciparum, activity value is IC50 = 43||Anti-B. subtilis ATCC 6633, activity value is MIC = 40 ug/ml||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 45 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922 or BNCC 125783, activity value is MIC = 10 ug/ml||Anti-E. sakazakii ATCC 29544, activity value is MIC = 15 ug/ml||Anti-and S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, activity value is MIC = 15 ug/ml||Antibacterial||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antiparasitic||Anti-inflammatory||Antimalarial||Antibiofilm||Antimicrobial Pan troglodytes [Chimpanzee]|||Homo sapiens [Human]|||macrophage; Homo sapiens|||Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee) Beta "macrophage; Homo sapiens||No hemolytic activity for DEFB130 was observed at concentrations up to 200 μ M (data not shown).|||According to the document, DEFB130 (β-defensin 130) does not exhibit hemolytic activity at concentrations up to 200 μM. The detailed information is as follows: Core Hemolytic Results The document explicitly mentions in the section ""DEFB130 synthetic peptide suppresses the growth of malarial parasites"": Experimental subjects: Fresh human red blood cells (2.5% hematocrit), with hemolysis assessed by measuring hemoglobin release at 405 nm. Key conclusion: “No hemolytic activity for DEFB130 was observed at concentrations up to 200 μM (data not shown),” meaning DEFB130 did not induce hemolysis in human red blood cells at the highest tested concentration of 200 μM. Control setup: Red blood cells lysed with distilled water were used as the positive control for complete hemolysis, and all experimental data represent the average of three independent replicates. Related Background DEFB130 is a cationic amphipathic peptide (net charge 9, molecular weight 7000 Da). Its antimalarial activity (IC₅₀ against Plasmodium falciparum: 43–49 μM) contrasts with its low hemolytic activity, demonstrating selective action on parasites versus host red blood cells. This may be related to changes in membrane components following Plasmodium infection of red blood cells (e.g., increased exposure of anionic phospholipids, altered cholesterol content), while normal red blood cell membranes, with high cholesterol and low anionic charge, are less susceptible to targeting by DEFB130." "Sci Rep . 2017 Feb 9:7:41772. doi: 10.1038/srep41772.||ref||Dong et al., 2022|||Sci Rep. 2017 Feb 9;7:41772. doi: 10.1038/srep41772.PubMed|||Physiol Genomics. 2005 Sep 21;23(1):5-17.Submitted (NOV-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases" 57 FPDB03490 AP02929|||Lynronne-1|||AP02929|||DRAMP32121 LPRRNRWSKIWKKVVTVFS Anti-bacteria S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 8||Anti-K. pneumoniae, activity value is MIC = 16||Anti-A. baumannii and 14 clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 4||Anti-E. coli K12, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-S. typhimurium, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-E. faecalis, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC 19606, activity value is MIC = 32||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 29213, activity value is MIC = 256||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 6538, activity value is MIC = 64||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antibiofilm||Antimicrobial||Anticancer Synthetic construct|||AI predicted, bacteriocin, bacteria; plant-attached rumen microbiome; plant microbiota|||Synthetic Helix "AI predicted, bacteriocin, bacteria; plant-attached rumen microbiome; plant microbiota||This may explain the limited haemolytic and cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells in spite of their antibacterial activity.|||Equine RBC [536 ug/ml]|||Human erythrocytes: 20% Hemolysis=500 ug/ml; Sheep erythrocytes: 10% Hemolysis=500 ug/ml; Horse erythrocytes:0% Hemolysis=536 ug/ml" "NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes . 2017 Dec 1:3:33. doi: 10.1038/s41522-017-0042-1. eCollection 2017.|||34028161|||NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2017 Dec 1;3:33. doi: 10.1038/s41522-017-0042-1.PubMed|||NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2017 Dec 1;3:33." 19 FPDB03491 AP02931|||Lynronne-3|||AP02931|||DRAMP32122 NRFTARFRRTPWRLCLQFRQ Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus USA 300, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus RN4220, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus MRSA-15, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Q14-0320, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae NCTC 13442, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae Q14-0095, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae Q14-0285, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Acinetobacter baumannii Q13-0717, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Acinetobacter baumannii Q12-0809, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-Acinetobacter baumannii Q12-0867, activity value is MIC = 8 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Q14-0208, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Q14-0890, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa Q12-0535, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli K-12, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11351, activity value is MIC = 128 ug/ml||Anti-Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11161, activity value is MIC = 256 ug/ml||Anti-Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 33292, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Campylobacter jejuni, activity value is MIC = 64||Anti-Salmonella typhimurium SL1344, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Enterococcus faecalis JH-2-2, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 11994, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Antimicrobial||Anticancer Synthetic construct|||AI predicted, bacteria; bacteriocin, prokaryotes, plant-attached rumen microbiome; plant microbiota|||Synthetic Helix "AI predicted, bacteria; bacteriocin, prokaryotes, plant-attached rumen microbiome; plant microbiota||This may explain the limited haemolytic and cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells in spite of their antibacterial activity.|||Human umbilical vein endothelial cells HUVEC (LC50 at >128 ug/ml|||Human erythrocytes: 45% Hemolysis=500 ug/ml; Sheep erythrocytes: 0% Hemolysis=500 ug/ml" "NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes . 2017 Dec 1:3:33.doi: 10.1038/s41522-017-0042-1.eCollection 2017.|||29214045|||NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2017 Dec 1;3:33. doi: 10.1038/s41522-017-0042-1.PubMed|||NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2017 Dec 1;3:33." 20 FPDB03582 AP03072|||Flower-specific gamma-thionin, ZmD32|||AP03072|||DRAMP35665 RTCQSQSHRFRGPCLRRSNCANVCRTEGFPGGRCRGFRRRCFCTTHC Anti-the filamentous fungus F. graminearum and E. coli in media containing 100000 uM NaCl . Other fungi inhibited are C. auris, activity value is IC50 = 3.4 uM||Anti-C. glabrata ATCC 90030, activity value is IC50 = 1.2 uM||Anti-C. krusei, activity value is IC50 = 0.9 uM||Anti-C. parapsilosis, activity value is IC50 = 1.3 uM||Anti-C. tropicalis ATCC 750, activity value is IC50 = 0.5 uM||Anti-F. graminearum PH-1, activity value is IC50 = 1 uM||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 9144, activity value is IC50 = 1.5 uM||Anti-B. subtilis, activity value is IC50 = 0.4 uM||Anti-and P. aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is IC50 = 1.7 uM||Anti-Candida albicans ATCC 90028, activity value is IC50 = 1.1||Anti-Candida albicans ATCC 90028, activity value is IC50 = 3.0||Anti-Candida auris, activity value is IC50 = 3.4||Anti-Candida auris, activity value is IC50 = 1.6||Anti-Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, activity value is IC50 = 1.2||Anti-Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, activity value is IC50 = 2.0||Anti-Candida krusei, activity value is IC50 = 0.9||Anti-Candida krusei, activity value is IC50 = 1.7||Anti-Candida parapsilosis, activity value is IC50 = 1.3||Anti-Candida parapsilosis, activity value is IC50 = 1.5||Anti-Candida tropicalis ATCC 750, activity value is IC50 = 0.5||Anti-Candida tropicalis ATCC 750, activity value is IC50 = 0.7||Anti-Fusarium graminearum PH-1, activity value is IC50 = 1.0||Anti-Escherichia coli, activity value is IC50 = 1||Anti-Escherichia coli, activity value is IC50 = 0.3||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144, activity value is IC50 = 1.5||Anti-Bacillus subtilis, activity value is IC50 = 0.4||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is IC50 = 1.7||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||Antimicrobial||Anticancer Zea mays|||Corn, Zea mays|||Plantae|||Corn, Zea mays Combine Helix and Beta structure "Corn, Zea mays|||Human dermal fibroblasts (30% Killing at 50 uM|||The document explicitly provides hemolysis data of the corn defensin ZmD32 on human red blood cells, with the core information as follows: Hemolytic values of ZmD32 The hemolysis of this defensin was measured by the hemolysis rate of human red blood cells at different concentrations, with the specific results as follows: At the highest tested concentration (50 μM): only 1.9% of human red blood cells were lysed, indicating very low hemolysis. Control comparison: recombinant NaD1 (another plant defensin) showed a hemolysis rate of about 1.5% at the same concentration (50 μM). The hemolysis of ZmD32 is similar to that of NaD1, both showing low toxicity to human red blood cells. The experiment used water-lysed red cells as the 100% hemolysis positive control, and the hemolysis rate was calculated by measuring absorbance at 412 nm (Figure 4D). The data represent the average results from samples of six blood donors, further confirming the safety of ZmD32 on mammalian red blood cells.|||Hemolytic activity of ZmD32 and NaD1. Neither defensin lysed more than 2 % of red blood cells at 334 concentrations up to 50 uM." "Front Microbiol . 2019 Apr 12:10:795. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00795. eCollection 2019|||31031739|||Front Microbiol. 2019 Apr 12;10:795. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00795. PubMed|||Front Microbiol . 2019 Apr 12:10:795. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00795. eCollection 2019.|||Front Microbiol. 2019 Apr 12;10:795.|||Front Microbiol. 2019 Apr 12;10:795. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00795. PubMed" 47 FPDB03586 AP03077|||Cathelicidin SA-CATH|||AP03077|||Cathelicidin SA-CATH|||AP03077 KFFKKLKKSVKKHVKKFFKKPKVIGVSIPF Anti-Gram- E. coli ATCC25922 or clinical strain, activity value is MIC = 5.22||Anti-S. dysenteriae clinical strain, activity value is MIC = 10.44 uM||Anti-K. peneumoniae clinical strain, activity value is MIC = 10.44 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC27853, activity value is MIC = 10.44 uM||Anti-S. aureus ATCC25923, activity value is MIC = 20.88 uM||Anti-B. cereus clinical strain, activity value is MIC = 1.3 uM||Anti-B. subtilis clinical strain, activity value is MIC = 5.22 uM||Anti-E. faecium clinical strain, activity value is MIC = 10.44 uM||Anti-N. asteroides clinical strain, activity value is MIC = 10.4 uM||Anti-C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 5.22||Antibacterial||Antifungal||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||candidacidal||Anti-inflammatory||Antibiofilm||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC = 75 ug/ml||Anti-Shigella dysenteriae, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 75 ug/ml||Anti-Bacillus cereus, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Bacillus subtilis, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Enterococcus faecium, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-Nocardia asteroides, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans 1, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml||Anti-Candida albicans, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Candida glabrata, activity value is MIC = 37.5 ug/ml Sinonatrix annularis (Trimerodytes annularis)|||snake, Sinonatrix annularis, China, Asia|||Sinonatrix annularis (Trimerodytes annularis)|||snake, Sinonatrix annularis, China, Asia|||snake, Sinonatrix annularis, China, Asia N/A "snake, Sinonatrix annularis, China, Asia||At a concentration of 200 µg/ml, the hemolysis rate induced by SA-CATH was 5.12%|||Murine peritoneal macrophages (3.45% Killing at 200 ug/ml|||The document clearly provides hemolytic data of the novel cathelicidin SA-CATH, derived from the black-banded krait (Sinonatrix annularis), on human red blood cells. The core information is as follows: Hemolytic values of SA-CATH The hemolytic activity of this cathelicidin was measured by the hemolysis rate of human red blood cells at different concentrations. The specific results are: At the highest tested concentration (200 µg/ml): it caused only 5.12% hemolysis of human red blood cells, indicating very low hemolytic activity. Control comparison: the experiment used 1% Triton X-100 as a 100% hemolysis positive control and 0.9% saline as a negative control, and hemolysis rates were calculated by measuring absorbance at 540 nm. At this concentration, SA-CATH also showed very low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells (mouse peritoneal macrophages MPMs and human keratinocytes HaCaT), with cell death rates of 3.45% and 4.76%, respectively, further confirming its safety for mammalian cells.|||Murine peritoneal macrophages (3.45% Killing at 200 ug/ml|||The cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity of A-Cath and SA-Cath against tested mammalian cells are negligible. At a concentration of 200 μg/ml, SA-Cath induced cell death rates of 3.45% and 4.76% in MPM and HaCaT cells, respectively. Similarly, SA-Cath exhibited very low hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. At a concentration of 200 μg/ml, the hemolysis rate of SA-Cath was 5.12%.|||SA-CATH shown very low hemolytic activity toward human erythrocytes. At the con centration of 200 ug/ml, SA-CATH induced hemolytic rate of 5.12%." "Zoolog Sci . 2019 Feb 1;36(1):68-76. doi: 10.2108/zs180064.|||31116540|||Zoolog Sci. 2019 Feb;36(1):68-76. doi: 10.2108/zs180064. PubMed|||31116540|||Zoolog Sci . 2019 Feb 1;36(1):68-76. doi: 10.2108/zs180064.|||Zoolog Sci. 2019 Feb;36(1):68-76. doi: 10.2108/zs180064. PubMed" 30 FPDB03588 AP03079|||Cm-CATH2|||AP03079|||Cm-CATH2|||AP03079|||DRAMP35666|||DRAMP35667 RRSRFGRFFKKVRKQLGRVLRHSRITVGGRMRF Anti-E. coli ATCC25922 and clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 4.69||Anti-S. dysenteriae, activity value is MIC = 1.17 ug/ml||Anti-K. Pneumoniae, activity value is MIC = 9.38||Anti-S. maltophilia, activity value is MIC = 18.7 ug/ml||Anti-K. oxytoca, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-P. vulgaris, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-P. mirabilis, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-S. maltophilia, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 2.3||Anti-S. aureus clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 4.69||Anti-B. cereus, activity value is MIC = 9.38||Anti-B. subtilis, activity value is MIC = 4.69||Anti-E. faecium, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-N. asteroides, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-E. faecalis, activity value is MIC = 75 ug/ml||Anti-S. epidermidis, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-aquatic pathogens V. brasiliensis, activity value is MIC = 18.7 ug/ml||Anti-A. veronii, activity value is MIC = 9.3 ug/ml||Anti-and E. tarda, activity value is MIC = 18.7 ug/ml||Anti-this peptide also showed good activity against aquatic bacteria Gram- V. alginolyticus, activity value is MIC = 4.58 uM||Anti-V. brasiliensis, activity value is MIC = 1.15 uM||Anti-V. cholerae, activity value is MIC = 0.57 uM||Anti-V. fluvialis, activity value is MIC = 1.15 uM||Anti-V. harveyi, activity value is MIC = 1.15 uM||Anti-V. parahaemolyticus, activity value is MIC = 0.57 uM||Anti-V. splendidus, activity value is MIC = 1.15 uM||Anti-V. vulnificus, activity value is MIC = 4.58 uM||Anti-A. hydrophila, activity value is MIC = 1.15 uM||Anti-A. sobria, activity value is MIC = 2.29 uM||Anti-A.veronii, activity value is MIC = 2.29 uM||Anti-and N. asteroides, activity value is MIC = 1.15 uM||Antibacterial||Antibiofilm||Antifungal||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||candidacidal||Anti-inflammatory||Anti-Escherichia coli ATCC25922, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli -1, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli -2, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli -3, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli -4, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Shigella dysenteriae, activity value is MIC = 1.17 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae -1, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae -2, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae -3, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae -4, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae -5, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae -6, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae -7, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Klebsiella oxytoca, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Proteus vulgaris, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Proteus mirabilis, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Acinetobacter baumannii -1, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-A. Baumannii -2, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-P. Aeruginosa -1, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-S. Aureus -1, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-S. Aureus -2, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-S. Aureus -3, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-S. Aureus -4, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Bacillus cereus, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Bacillus subtilis, activity value is MIC = 4.69 ug/ml||Anti-Enterococcus faecium, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-Nocardia asteroides, activity value is MIC = 2.34 ug/ml||Anti-Enterococcus faecalis, activity value is MIC = 75 ug/ml||Anti-Staphylococcus epidermidis, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-C. Albicans -1, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-C. Albicans -2, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-C. Albicans -3, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-C. Albicans -4, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-C. glabrata, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Cryptococcus neoformans, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Vibrio brasiliensis, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Vibrio cholerae, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Anti-Aeromonas sobria, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Aeromonas veronii, activity value is MIC = 9.38 ug/ml||Anti-Edwardsiella tarda, activity value is MIC = 18.75 ug/ml||Antimicrobial||Anticancer Chelonia mydas|||lung, green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas|||Chelonia mydas|||lung, green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas|||Animalia|||lung, green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas N/A "lung, green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas||Cm-CATH 2 exhibits low hemolytic activity, inducing 2.05%, 7.91%, 10.53%, and 12.2% hemolysis of human red blood cells at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, and 150 μg/ml, respectively.|||Human erythrocytes (12.2% hemolysis at 150 ug/ml)|||The document clearly provides the specific hemolytic data of the green sea turtle antimicrobial peptide Cm-CATH2. The core information is as follows: Hemolytic values of Cm-CATH2 In the “3.8. Hemolysis and cytotoxicity of Cm-CATH2” section, it is explicitly stated that Cm-CATH2 exhibits low hemolytic activity against human red blood cells (hRBCs), with the specific data as follows: At a concentration of 10 µg/ml, the hemolysis rate is only 2.05%; At a concentration of 50 µg/ml, the hemolysis rate is 7.91%; At a concentration of 100 µg/ml, the hemolysis rate is 10.53%; At a concentration of 150 µg/ml, the hemolysis rate is 12.2%. Key experimental background and basis Experimental method: Fresh human red blood cells were washed three times with PBS and then incubated with different concentrations of Cm-CATH2 at 37°C for 30 minutes. After centrifugation at 1500 rpm for 5 minutes, the absorbance of the supernatant was measured at 540 nm (reflecting the amount of hemoglobin released). A 0.1% Triton X-100 treated group was used as the 100% hemolysis positive control, and a PBS-treated group was used as the negative control. Safety comparison: The hemolysis of Cm-CATH2 is far lower than that of many antimicrobial peptides with high hemolytic activity observed in clinical studies (such as certain fish or reptile antimicrobial peptides). Its cytotoxicity to normal mammalian cells (such as human umbilical vein endothelial cells HUVEC and mouse macrophages RAW 264.7) is also very low (IC₅₀ for HUVEC is 238.2 µg/ml, and for RAW 264.7 is 703.2 µg/ml), which is much higher than its MIC values against most pathogens (1.17–18.75 µg/ml), demonstrating a good therapeutic window. In summary, Cm-CATH2 maintains low hemolytic activity even at high concentrations, which is an important safety feature for its potential as an anti-infective drug and provides a key basis for subsequent clinical translation.|||Human erythrocytes (12.2% hemolysis at 150 ug/ml)|||Therefore, this study also measured the hemolytic activity of CM-CATH2. CM-CATH2 has relatively low hemolytic activity, with lysis rates of human red blood cells at 10, 50, 100, and 150 µg/ml being 2.05%, 7.91%, 10.53%, and 12.2%, respectively.|||Many cathelicidins exhibit relatively high hemolytic activities, which significantly limit their clinical applications. Therefore, in the present study the hemolytic activity of Cm-CATH2 was also determined. Cm-CATH2 displayed low hemolytic activity, inducing the lysis of 2.05%, 7.91%, 10.53% and 12.2% of human erythrocytes at 10, 50, 100 and 150 ug/ml, respectively." "Dev Comp Immunol . 2019 Sep:98:189-204. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.05.005. Epub 2019 May 20.||Ouyang et al., 2022|||31121185|||Dev Comp Immunol. 2019 May 20;98:189-204. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.05.005. PubMed|||31121185|||Dev Comp Immunol . 2019 Sep:98:189-204. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.05.005. Epub 2019 May 20.||Ouyang et al., 2022|||Dev Comp Immunol. 2019 Sep;98:189-204.|||Biomolecules. 2019 Jun 21;9(6):242|||Dev Comp Immunol. 2019 May 20;98:189-204. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.05.005. PubMed" 33 FPDB03607 AP03104|||Hs02|||AP03104|||Hs02|||AP03104 KWAVRIIRKFIKGFIS Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922 and 4 strains, activity value is MIC = 1||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and 8 strains, activity value is MIC = 1.67||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923 and 3 strains, activity value is MIC = 1||Anti-E. faecalis ATCC 29212, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-it is showed to be active against S. epidermidis, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-T. rubrum, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-and C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 1.67 uM||Anti-C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 1.67 uM||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-S. epidermidis, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 1.67 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-inflammatory||Antibiofilm||Antibacterial Homo sapiens|||other methods predicted, predicted from the human unconventional myosin 1H protein, intragenic antimicrobial peptide, Homo sapiens, primates, mammals, animals|||Homo sapiens [Human]|||other methods predicted, predicted from the human unconventional myosin 1H protein, intragenic antimicrobial peptide, Homo sapiens, primates, mammals, animals|||other methods predicted, predicted from the human unconventional myosin 1H protein, intragenic antimicrobial peptide, Homo sapiens, primates, mammals, animals Helix predicted from the human unconventional myosin 1H protein, intragenic antimicrobial peptide, Homo sapiens, primates, mammals, animals|||Human erythrocytes (50% hemolysis at >128 uM)|||Human erythrocytes (50% hemolysis at >128 uM) "Int J Mol Sci . 2019 Jul 23;20(14):3604. doi: 10.3390/ijms20143604.|||31386688|||Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jul 23;20(14). pii: E3604. doi: 10.3390/ijms20143604. PubMed|||31386688|||Int J Mol Sci . 2019 Jul 23;20(14):3604. doi: 10.3390/ijms20143604.|||Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jul 23;20(14). pii: E3604. doi: 10.3390/ijms20143604. PubMed" 16 FPDB03794 AP03443|||B-GR23|||AP03443|||B-GR23|||AP03443|||DRAMP29084 GVTFNALKGVAKTVAAQLLKTAR Anti-Gram+ bacteria S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-S.mutans, activity value is MIC > 100 uM||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-and fungi C.albicans, activity value is MIC > 100 uM||Antibacterial||Antifungal||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antibiofilm||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-Streptococcus mutans, activity value is MIC > 100 uM||Anti-##Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC = 64 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, activity value is MIC > 100 uM||Anti-##Yeast: Canidia albican, activity value is MIC > 100 uM Synthetic construct|||Hylarana guentheri, China, Asia|||Hylarana guentheri Helix||α-helical "Hylarana guentheri, China, Asia||At 200 uM (a concentration far exceeding that required for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities), the hemolysis rate was only 1.6%.|||Hylarana guentheri, China, Asia|||Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=16 uM), Streptococcus mutans (MIC=>100 uM), Escherichia coli (MIC=64 uM), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=>100 uM), Candida albicans (MIC=>100 uM)|||The core hemolysis data of the antimicrobial peptide Brevinin-GR23 (B-GR23) in the document are as follows. The test subjects were healthy human red blood cells, and the key indicators were hemolysis rates at different concentrations and the minimum hemolytic concentration (MHC): 1. Hemolysis rates at different concentrations B-GR23 exhibited extremely low hemolysis rates within the concentration range of 25-200 µM. The specific data are shown in the table below: Brevinin-GR23 Concentration (µM) Hemolysis Rate (%) Standard Deviation (±SD) 25 0.13 0.006 50 0.23 0.0009 75 0.38 0.002 100 0.75 0.001 150 0.83 0.005 200 1.60 0.011 2. Minimum Hemolytic Concentration (MHC) Definition: The peptide concentration at which the hemolysis rate reaches 10% is defined as the MHC. Results: At the highest tested concentration (200 µM), B-GR23 only caused 1.6% hemolysis, far below 10%, thus the MHC was not reached, indicating negligible toxicity to human red blood cells. Additional notes Control settings: The negative control (PBS) hemolysis rate was 0%, and the positive control (0.1% Triton X-100) hemolysis rate was 100%, and all data were calibrated based on this. Key conclusion: The hemolytic activity of B-GR23 is significantly lower than that of most Brevinin family antimicrobial peptides. Even at 200 µM, which is far above its effective concentration against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 16 µM), it still maintains an extremely low hemolysis rate, demonstrating good cellular selectivity and potential for clinical application.|||At 200 uM (a concentration far exceeding that required for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities), the hemolysis rate was only 1.6%.|||[Ref.31549575]B-GR23 induced a hemolysis of 0.13%, 0.23%, 0.38%, 0.75%, 0.83% and 1.60% on human blood red cells at the concentrations of 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 uM." Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2020 Jan;84(1):143-153. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1670045.|||31549575|||Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2020 Jan;84(1):143-153. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1670045.|||31549575|||Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2020 Jan;84(1):143-153. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1670045.|||Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2020 Jan;84(1):143-153. doi: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1670045. Epub 2019 Sep 24.||Ref.31549575 23 FPDB03847 AP03511|||DRAMP35906 LAKKLAKYLKKAL Anti-Active against Gram- A.baumannii ATCC 003321216, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 64 ug/ml||Anti-K. pneumoniae ATCC 13883, activity value is MIC = 32 ug/ml||Anti-K.pneumoniae KPC+ 001450421, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-P.aeruginosa KPC+ 003321199, activity value is MIC > 128 ug/ml||Anti-P. acnes ATCC 51277, activity value is MIC = 16 ug/ml||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antibiofilm||Antimicrobial||Anticancer derivatives of Latarcin-3a|||Synthetic N/A "derivatives of Latarcin-3a||At a concentration of 128 ug/ml, the hemolysis rate is less than 20%.|||The core hemolytic data for the arachnid toxin-derived peptide LTC-3A (parent peptide) and its three analogs (Lt-MAP1, Lt-MAP2, Lt-MAP3) are as follows. The test subjects were Swiss mice musculus erythrocytes, with key indicators being hemolysis rate and half-hemolysis concentration (EC_{50}) at different concentrations: 1. Master peptide: Ltc-3a Specific concentration hemolysis rate: At the highest test concentration of 128 \, \mu g \cdot ml^{-1}, the hemolysis rate reaches 80% (strong hemolysis). Half hemolytic concentration (EC_{50}): 127 \, \mu g \cdot ml^{-1} (only the parent peptide has significant hemolytic activity, so this value can be calculated). 2. Analogs: Lt-MAP1, Lt-MAP2, Lt-MAP3 The three analogs showed significantly lower hemolytic activity than the parent peptide at concentrations of 4–128 μ g \cdot ml^{-1}, with the core data as follows: Hemolysis rate: all below 20% (no significant hemolytic activity), not meeting the calculable EC_{50} standard (requires a hemolysis rate of 50%). Key conclusion: Even at the highest test concentration of 128 \, \mu g \cdot ml^{-1}, the three analogs maintained low hemolytic levels, with cytotoxicity far lower than that of the parent peptide Ltc-3a. Additional notes Control settings: The hemolysis rate of the negative control (50,000 uM PBS, pH 7.4) was 0%, and the hemolysis rate of the positive control (1% Triton X-100) was 100%. All data were calibrated based on this. Hemolysis and structural association: Analogs reduce hydrophobicity or optimize charge distribution by adjusting amino acid composition (such as replacing methionine with leucine, glutamate with lysine), thereby significantly lowering hemolytic activity while retaining or enhancing antibacterial/antitumor activity (e.g., Lt-MAP2 has both antibacterial and leukemia activity, with Lt-MAP3 optimal).|||At a concentration of 128 ug/ml, the hemolysis rate is less than 20%." Front. Microbiol. 13:965621. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.965621. Frontiers Microbiol|||Front. Microbiol. 13:965621. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.965621. Frontiers Microbiol|||Front. Microbiol. 13:965621. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.965621. Frontiers Microbiol|||Front Microbiol. 2022 Sep 21;13:965623. 13 FPDB03912 AP03588 ITGGPAVVHQA Anti-S. flexneri strain 14, activity value is MIC = 12.65 ug/ml||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antibiofilm Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain LF-8: fish microbiota|||Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain LF-8: fish microbiota N/A Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain LF-8: fish microbiota Front Microbiol. 2022 Jan 5;12:779315. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.779315. PubMed|||Front Microbiol. 2022 Jan 5;12:779315. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.779315. PubMed|||Front Microbiol. 2022 Jan 5;12:779315. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.779315. PubMed 11 FPDB03939 AP03623 FLKLGRKSRYGMLKL Anti-B. subtilis AY867792.1, activity value is MIC = 8.6 uM||Anti-B. cereus KX890470.1, activity value is MIC = 11 uM||Anti-and B. nealsonii JQ579625.1, activity value is MIC = 31.25 ug/ml||Anti-Gram+||Antibiofilm Shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, Crustaceans, arthropods, invertebrates, animals|||Shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, Crustaceans, arthropods, invertebrates, animals N/A Shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, Crustaceans, arthropods, invertebrates, animals Food Science and Human Wellness 2022; 11:1607-1613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2022.06.019. SciDirect.|||Food Science and Human Wellness 2022; 11:1607-1613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2022.06.019. SciDirect.|||Food Science and Human Wellness 2022; 11:1607-1613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2022.06.019. SciDirect. 15 FPDB03940 AP03625 TLSAC Anti-E. coli ATCC 25922, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-S. aureus ATCC 25923, activity value is MIC = 30 uM||Anti-E. faecium, activity value is MIC = 40 uM||Anti-K. pneumonia, activity value is MIC = 30 uM||Anti-A. baumannii ATCC BAA-1605, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, activity value is MIC = 30 uM||Anti-C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 50 uM||Anti-A. solani, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-and U. maydis, activity value is MIC = 30 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAST18, isolated from soil|||Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAST18, isolated from soil N/A Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAST18, isolated from soil Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2023 Apr 21;663:78-86. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.069.PMID: 37119769. PubMed|||Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2023 Apr 21;663:78-86. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.069.PMID: 37119769. PubMed|||Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2023 Apr 21;663:78-86. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.069.PMID: 37119769. PubMed|||Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2023 Apr 21;663:78-86. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.069.PMID: 37119769. PubMed 5 FPDB04027 AP03765|||PT 13|||AP03765 KVPVAAAAAAAAAVVASSMVVAAAK Anti-Gram+||Antibiofilm||[Refer PubMed ID - 29758266: S. aureus SA91 (MIC=- 16 ug/ml)] Black Cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa|||Populus trichocarpa [Black cottonwood]|||Black Cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa Rich N/A J AOAC Int. 2019 Jul 1;102(4):1228-1234. doi: 10.5740/jaoacint.18-0251. PubMed.|||29758266, 30446019|||J AOAC Int. 2019 Jul 1;102(4):1228-1234. doi: 10.5740/jaoacint.18-0251. PubMed. 25 FPDB04229 AP04143 FLKFLKKLF Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antifungal||Antibiofilm||Anti-S. aureus AB94004 or ATCC25923 or ATCC6538, activity value is MIC = 3.12 uM||Anti-E. coli AB94012 or ATCC25922 or DH5alpha, activity value is MIC = 3.13||Anti-and P. aeruginosa ATCC9027 or PAO1, activity value is MIC = 5.28 amino acid substitution, scorpion, animal-derived, natural derivative N/A "The document provides core hemolytic data for the modified peptide CT-K3K7 and its parent peptide ctry2459, with specific results as follows: 1. Key Hemolytic Indicators Concentration-dependent hemolytic characteristics: As the peptide concentration increased (25~200 µg/ml), the hemolysis rate of both peptides showed an upward trend, but the hemolysis rate of CT-K3K7 was significantly lower than that of the parent peptide ctry2459 (Figure 2-A). When the concentration of CT-K3K7 reached 100 µg/ml (far above its minimum inhibitory concentration MIC against common pathogenic bacteria: 3.125~12.5 µg/ml), its hemolysis rate on mouse red blood cells was still below 20%, demonstrating low hemolytic toxicity. The positive control (1% Triton X-100) represents complete hemolysis, while the negative control (physiological saline) shows no hemolysis. The hemolysis rate was calculated as: Hemolysis rate % = (Absorbance of sample - Absorbance of negative control)/(Absorbance of positive control - Absorbance of negative control) × 100% (detection wavelength 490 nm). 2. Additional Notes Experimental conditions: Fresh mouse heart red blood cells were washed with physiological saline and prepared into a 2% (V/V) suspension, then incubated with different peptide concentrations (25~200 µg/ml) at 37 °C with gentle shaking for 1 hour. After centrifugation, the absorbance of free hemoglobin in the supernatant was measured. Safety comparison: The hemolytic toxicity of CT-K3K7 was lower than that of the parent peptide ctry2459, which is speculated to be related to lysine substitution reducing its hydrophobicity (from 0.99 to 0.83)—studies indicate that excessive hydrophobicity can cause non-selective damage to mammalian cell membranes, increasing the risk of hemolysis. Combined with cytotoxicity data (CT-K3K7 at 100 µg/ml had no significant effect on the viability of 293T and HELA cells), this indicates that the peptide has good biosafety at effective antibacterial concentrations (far below 100 µg/ml)." Toxicon. 2022 Oct 30;218:88-98. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.09.004. PubMed|||Toxicon. 2022 Oct 30;218:88-98. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.09.004. PubMed 9 FPDB04261 AP04182|||Capitellacin|||AP04182 SPRVCIRVCRNGVCYRRCWG Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antibiofilm||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, activity value is MIC = 8 uM Capitella teleta Beta "Human erythrocytes (<5% Hemolysis at 64 uM|||The document provides core hemolytic data for the novel β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide capitellacin and its comparative peptide tachyplesin-1. The specific results are as follows: 1. Key Hemolytic Indicators Capitellacin (target peptide): At concentrations up to 64 μM, the hemolysis rate of human red blood cells (hRBCs) remains extremely low, showing no significant hemolytic activity (Figure 8B). This concentration is far higher than its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC: 0.125~8 μM) for most pathogenic bacteria, meaning it causes almost no hemolysis at effective antimicrobial concentrations. Tachyplesin-1 (comparative peptide): Shows significant hemolytic activity, with a 50% hemolysis concentration (HC₅₀) of 128 μM (Figure 8B); at a concentration of 64 μM, it can cause about 75% of human red blood cells to lyse, showing hemolytic toxicity significantly higher than that of capitellacin. 2. Additional Notes Experimental conditions: Fresh human red blood cells were used, and hemolysis was detected by the hemoglobin release method—peptides were incubated with a 2% red blood cell suspension under suitable conditions for 1.5 hours, then the absorbance of free hemoglobin at 405 nm was measured to calculate the hemolysis percentage (Hemolysis % = (Sample Absorbance - Negative Control Absorbance)/(Positive Control Absorbance - Negative Control Absorbance) × 100%); the positive control was 1% Triton X-100 (complete hemolysis), and the negative control was physiological saline (no hemolysis). Safety comparison: The low hemolytic property of capitellacin is related to its structure—although its hydrophobicity is slightly higher than that of tachyplesin-1 (hydrophobicity index: -0.215 vs. -0.482, Table 1), it lacks significant amphipathicity and exists as a monomer in membrane environments, avoiding nonspecific disruption of mammalian cell membranes. Combined with cytotoxicity data (capitellacin shows no significant toxicity to human embryonic fibroblasts HEF at 64 μM, Figure 8C), this indicates that it has excellent biosafety at effective antimicrobial concentrations, and its therapeutic window (the ratio of safe concentration to effective concentration) is much greater than that of tachyplesin-1." Mar Drugs. 2020 Dec 4;18(12):620. doi: 10.3390/md18120620. PubMed|||33291782|||Mar Drugs. 2020 Dec 4;18(12):620. doi: 10.3390/md18120620. PubMed 20 FPDB04388 AP04630 KRIVKWIKKFLR Anti-weakly active against S. Gordonii, activity value is MIC = 96.7 uM||Anti-Gram-||Anti-inflammatory||Antibiofilm amino acid substitution, human cathelicidin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative N/A N/A Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Jun 1;11(6):754. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11060754. PubMed 12 FPDB04404 AP04654 AGMKNIIDAIKKKLGGKL Anti-Gram- S. typhimurium CGMCC1.1174, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-E. coli CCTCC AB 2012883 and 10 clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 6.25||Anti-P. aeruginosa 4 clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 50||Anti-A. baumannii 6 clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 25||Anti-S. dysenteriae CGMCC 1.1869, activity value is MIC = 50 uM||Anti-P-vulgaris CGMCC 1.1651, activity value is MIC > 50 uM||Anti-E. faecium 2 clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 50||Anti-S. albus CGMCC 1.3374, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-S.aureus 4 clincial strains, activity value is MIC > 100 uM||Anti-and S. citreus CCTCC AB 91115, activity value is MIC = 6.25 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm the Chinese Wolf Spider, Lycosa sinensis N/A "The document only provides hemolytic data for LS-AMP-E1 and LS-AMP-F 50.00g peptides (using mouse erythrocyte hemolysis rate as an indicator), and does not mention LS-AMP-G1 hemolytic results. The specific information is as follows: Core hemolytic values (based on mouse red blood cell experiments) Peptide Name Test Concentration (uM) Hemolysis Rate (%) Key Conclusions LS-AMP-F 1 200 17% has extremely low hemolytic activity, causing only 17% hemolysis at the highest concentration tested, and is significantly less toxic to mammalian red blood cells than the concentration required for antibacterial activity LS-AMP-E1 it is not clear that the individual value of dose-dependent hemolysis is similar to LS-AMP-F1, showing a dose-dependent hemolysis trend, but the document does not give the hemolysis rate value corresponding to the specific concentration, only "no obvious hemolysis" is mentioned (combined with the context to infer that the hemolysis rate is lower than LS-AMP-F1 or in a safe range) LS-AMP-G1-Not tested Hemolytic test not performed as the peptide has no antibacterial activity Key experimental details 1. Experimental method: 1% fresh mouse erythrocytes were washed 3 times with PBS (1500 rpm,10 min), resuspended and mixed with equal volumes of peptide solutions of different concentrations (1.6-200 uM); PBS was used as a negative control (0% hemolysis) and double distilled water was used as a positive control (100% hemolysis), incubated at 37°C for 1 hour and then centrifuged (2000 rpm,5 minutes); Detect the 570 nm absorbance of the supernatant, and calculate the hemolysis rate according to the formula: \% \text {Hemolysis rate} = \frac{A_{\text {sample}}-A_{\text {negative control }}}{ A_{\text {positive control}}-A_{\text {negative control }}} \times 100 \% 2. Security Association: LS-AMP-F1 hemolysis was only 17% at 200 uM (much higher than its antibacterial MIC value: 3.1-62.5 uM), indicating that it has low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells and has potential for clinical application; Both active peptides (LS-AMP-E1 and LS-AMP-F1) were described as "non-hemolytic", which, combined with their potent antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities, further support their feasibility as new antimicrobial candidates." Pharmaceutics. 2022 Nov 21;14(11):2540. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112540. PubMed 18 FPDB04405 AP04655 TGLGKIGYLMKKLLSKAKV Anti-Gram- S. typhimurium CGMCC1.1174, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-E. coli CCTCC AB 2012883 and 10 clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 12.5||Anti-P. aeruginosa 4 clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 25||Anti-A. baumannii 6 clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 3.1||Anti-S. dysenteriae CGMCC 1.1869, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-P-vulgaris CGMCC 1.1651, activity value is MIC > 50 uM||Anti-E. faecium 2 clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-S. albus CGMCC 1.3374, activity value is MIC = 6.25 uM||Anti-S. aureus 4 clincial strains, activity value is MIC = 25||Anti-and S. citreus CCTCC AB 91115, activity value is MIC = 6.25 uM||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm the Chinese Wolf Spider, Lycosa sinensis N/A "The document only provides hemolytic data for LS-AMP-E1 and LS-AMP-F 50.00g peptides (using mouse erythrocyte hemolysis rate as an indicator), and does not mention LS-AMP-G1 hemolytic results. The specific information is as follows: Core hemolytic values (based on mouse red blood cell experiments) Peptide Name Test Concentration (uM) Hemolysis Rate (%) Key Conclusions LS-AMP-F 1 200 17% has extremely low hemolytic activity, causing only 17% hemolysis at the highest concentration tested, and is significantly less toxic to mammalian red blood cells than the concentration required for antibacterial activity LS-AMP-E1 it is not clear that the individual value of dose-dependent hemolysis is similar to LS-AMP-F1, showing a dose-dependent hemolysis trend, but the document does not give the hemolysis rate value corresponding to the specific concentration, only "no obvious hemolysis" is mentioned (combined with the context to infer that the hemolysis rate is lower than LS-AMP-F1 or in a safe range) LS-AMP-G1-Not tested Hemolytic test not performed as the peptide has no antibacterial activity Key experimental details 1. Experimental method: 1% fresh mouse erythrocytes were washed 3 times with PBS (1500 rpm,10 min), resuspended and mixed with equal volumes of peptide solutions of different concentrations (1.6-200 uM); PBS was used as a negative control (0% hemolysis) and double distilled water was used as a positive control (100% hemolysis), incubated at 37°C for 1 hour and then centrifuged (2000 rpm,5 minutes); Detect the 570 nm absorbance of the supernatant, and calculate the hemolysis rate according to the formula: \% \text {Hemolysis rate} = \frac{A_{\text {sample}}-A_{\text {negative control }}}{ A_{\text {positive control}}-A_{\text {negative control }}} \times 100 \% 2. Security Association: LS-AMP-F1 hemolysis was only 17% at 200 uM (much higher than its antibacterial MIC value: 3.1-62.5 uM), indicating that it has low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells and has potential for clinical application; Both active peptides (LS-AMP-E1 and LS-AMP-F1) were described as "non-hemolytic", which, combined with their potent antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities, further support their feasibility as new antimicrobial candidates." Pharmaceutics. 2022 Nov 21;14(11):2540. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112540. PubMed 19 FPDB04413 AP04669 KRIVQRWKDFLRKAEK Anti-E. faecalis ATCC 10100 or ATCC 19433, activity value is MIC = 15.6||Anti-Gram+||Antibiofilm designed, human cathelicidin analog, animal-derived, natural derivative N/A N/A Curr Microbiol. 2023 Aug 22;80(10):325. doi: 10.1007/s00284-023-03445-3. PubMed 16 FPDB04544 AP04827 TKLEEHLEGIVNIFHQYSVRKGHFDTLSKGELKQLLTKELANTIKNIKDKAVIDEIFQGLDANQDEQVDFQEFISLVAIALKAAHYHTHKE active against H. pylori. 750 ug/ml S100A12 protein||H. pylori growth was repressed by 40% and viability was decreased 1.5 log units. In addition||it inhibited (83%) S. pneumoniae at 250 ug/ml (23.9 uM)||and Mycobaterium spp.||S. aureus||and C. jejuni . It also inhibitedbiofilm formation:bacteria:P. aeruginosa .||Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antibiofilm||Wound healing neutrophils, Homo sapiens Helix N/A Infect Immun. 2015 Jul;83(7):2944-56. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00544-15. PubMed||Mishra et al., 2024||Mishra et al., 2022|||Infect Immun. 2015 Jul;83(7):2944-56. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00544-15. PubMed 91 FPDB04711 AP05052|||HPA3NT3-A2|||AP05052|||DRAMP04664|||HPA3NT3-A2|||DRAMP04664 AKRLKKLAKKIWKWK Anti-Gram+ & Gram-||Antibiofilm||Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-P. aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-P. vulgaris, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-S. typhimurium, activity value is MIC = 1||Anti-S. aureus, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-L. monocytogenes, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-S. epidermidis, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-B. subtilis, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-C. albicans, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-T. beigelii, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-A. awamori, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-A. flavus, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-A. fumigatus, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-A. parasiticus, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus aureus, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Listeria monocytogenes, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Staphylococcus epidermidis, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-Bacillus subtilis, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Primula vulgaris, activity value is MIC = 2||Anti-Salmonella typhimurium, activity value is MIC = 2 uM||Anti-Candida albicans, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Trichosporon beigelii, activity value is MIC = 16 uM||Anti-Aspergillus awamori, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Aspergillus flavus, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Aspergillus fumigatus, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Aspergillus parasiticus, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Antibacterial||Antifungal||Anti-##Gram-negative bacteria : Escherichia coli, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-##Fungi : Candida albicans, activity value is MIC = 8 uM Amino acid substitution, designed|||Helicobacter pylori|||Amino acid substitution, designed|||Helicobacter pylori Helix "Non-hemolytic against hRBCs|||HPA3NT3 (parent peptide): Hemolysis rate 69.2%, strong hemolytic activity. -F1A (replace F1 with A): Hemolysis rate 7.1%, significantly reduced hemolytic activity. -F8A (replace F8 with A): Hemolysis rate 4.6%, significantly reduced hemolytic activity. -F1AF8A (double replacement of F1 and F8 with A): Hemolysis rate 0%, no hemolytic activity. -A1 (increase hydrophobic modification): Hemolysis rate 20.9%, moderate hemolytic activity. -A2 (replace N13 with K): Hemolysis rate 0%, no hemolytic activity.|||Non-hemolytic against hRBCs|||[Ref.22982494] 0% hemolysis at 250 uM against human red blood cells" Biomater Sci. 2019 Nov 19;7(12):5068-5083. doi: 10.1039/c9bm01051c. PubMed|||22982494|||Biomater Sci. 2019 Nov 19;7(12):5068-5083. doi: 10.1039/c9bm01051c. PubMed|||Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Feb;1828(2):443-454. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.09.005||Ref.22982494|||22982494|||Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Feb;1828(2):443-454. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.09.005##Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Aug 6;21(16):5632. doi: 10.3390/ijms21165632||Ref.22982494 15 FPDB07657 BmKn-22|||S52|||AP04550|||DRAMP31982 FIGAIARLLSK Anti-P. aeruginosa PAO1, activity value is MIC > 128 uM||M. abscessus ATCC19977 (MIC= >400 ug/ml)||Antibiofilm||Antimicrobial||Anticancer Synthetic construct|||C-terminal sequence truncation, animal-derived, natural derivative|||Scorpion venom N/A "The document provides hemolytic data for BmKn-2 peptides and their seven derivatives (BmKn-21 to BmKn-26), with the hemolytic rate (%) of sheep red blood cells (sRBCs) as the core indicator. The experimental conditions were peptide concentration at 800 uM and incubation at 37°C for 1 hour. The specific results are as follows: Hemolytic values of each peptide (at 800 uM concentration) Peptide name: Hemolytic rate (%) Key conclusions BmKn-2 is 100% completely hemolytic and highly toxic to mammalian red blood cells BmKn-21 is 100% completely hemolyzed, with toxicity consistent with the parent peptide BmKn-2 BmKn-22 is extremely low (<5%), significantly reduces hemolysis rate, and has no obvious toxicity, making it a key low-toxicity candidate peptide in research BmKn-23 is extremely low (<5%), has low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but has no clearance activity against preformed biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (distinct from BmKn-22). BmKn-24 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak antibiofilm activity BmKn-25 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak anti-biofilm activity BmKn-26 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak antibiofilm activity. Key Notes 1. Experimental control: Using 1% Triton X-100 (100% hemolysis) and PBS (0% hemolysis) as controls, hemolysis rate was calculated using 405 nm absorbance. The formula is: \text{Hemolysis Rate (%)} = \frac{OD_{405\text{nm(peptide treatment)}} - OD_{405\text{nm(PBS)}}}{OD_{405\text{nm(1% Triton X-100)}} - OD_{405\text{nm(PBS)}}} \times 100 2. Relationship between hemolysis and peptide structure: The parent peptide BmKn-2 (13 amino acids) and the truncated BmKn-21 (12 amino acids) exhibit complete hemolysis due to the C-terminus containing the isoleucine-phenylalanine (IF) sequence with high helix (76.92%, 75%); Further truncation and removal of the C-terminal IF or lysine-isoleucine-phenylalanine (KIF) sequences (e.g., BmKn-22 to BmKn-26) significantly reduced hemolysis rates, suggesting that phenylalanine (F) residues are one of the key sites causing high hemolytic toxicity. 3. Safety Association: BmKn-22 not only has extremely low hemolysis but also significantly low toxicity to L929 mouse fibroblasts (cell survival rate >80%). Combined with its potent anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm activity, it has become the candidate peptide with the greatest clinical development potential." 34361810|||34780520|||PLoS One. 2019 Jun 14;14(6):e0218479. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218479. PubMed|||Biomed Pharmacother. 2016 Dec;84:1042-1050. 11 FPDB09059 CAMPSQ557|||CAMPSQ10782|||AP00522 INWLKLGKAIIDAL Anti-E. coli, activity value is MIC = 382 ug/ml||Anti-P.aeruginosa, activity value is MIC = 257 ug/ml||Anti-B. subtilis, activity value is MIC = 237 ug/ml||Anti-S.aureus, activity value is MIC = 191 ug/ml||Anti-A. baumannii Isolate AB 02, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-A. baumannii Isolate AB 53, activity value is MIC = 6.25 uM||Anti-A. baumannii Isolate AB 72, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||anti-diabetes||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm Agelaia pallipes [Neotropical social wasp]|||Agelaia pallipes pallipes|||social wasp, Agelaia pallipes pallipes N/A "The hemolysis values of Protonectin(Fr-6) and Agelaia-MP(Fr-7) on rat washed red blood cells (WRRBC) are explicitly mentioned in the document. The core data are based on the correspondence of "peptide concentration (M)-hemolysis rate (%)", with complete hemolysis induced by 1% Triton X-100 as 100% control. The results are as follows: 1. Agelaia-MP (strong hemolytic activity) 10 M(0.156 ug/ml): hemolysis rate reached 70% (significant hemolysis on rat red blood cells). The specific hemolysis rate at higher concentrations (e. g., 10 and above) is not clear, but combined with the qualitative description of its "strong hemolytic agent", the hemolysis rate at high concentrations is estimated to be close to 100%. 2. Protonectin (very weak hemolytic activity) The document does not provide specific concentration-hemolysis ratio values, but is only qualitatively described by the experimental results as "non-hemolytic", I .e., even at higher concentrations, the hemolytic effect on rat erythrocytes is negligible (in sharp contrast to Agelaia-MP). Additional note Hemolysis experimental conditions: 0.5%(v/v) rat red blood cell suspension was incubated with the peptide at 37°C for 120 minutes, the absorbance of the supernatant at 540 nm was detected after centrifugation, and the hemolysis rate was calculated. KEY CONCLUSION: The hemolytic activity is related to the structure of the peptide-Agelaia-MP (belonging to the hemolytic mast cell degranulation toxin) exhibits potent hemolysis due to specific sequences (e. g., N-terminal INW features, hydrophobic structure), while Protonectin (chemotactic peptide) has almost no hemolysis due to structural differences." 15225564|||30974767|||Toxicon. 2004 Jul;44(1):67-74. Pub-Med. 14 FPDB09796 2F-Kn2-5R-NH2|||AP04533 FFFIRRIARLLRRIF Anti-Salmonella sp. clinical isolate 5, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Salmonella sp. clinical isolate 7, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Salmonella sp. clinical isolate 11, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Salmonella sp. clinical isolate 18, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Salmonella sp. clinical isolate 26, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Salmonella sp. clinical isolate 27, activity value is MIC = 4 uM||Anti-Salmonella sp. clinical isolate 55, activity value is MIC = 8 uM||Anti-Gram-||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm Synthetic construct|||terminal extension, animal-derived, natural derivative N/A "Sheep RBC [HC50= 5.6 uM]|||The document clearly provides hemolytic data for four Kn2 variant peptides (Kn2-5R, Kn2-5R-NH₂, dKn2-5R-NH₂, 2F-Kn2-5R-NH₂), with 50% hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀) as the core indicator, and also includes hemolysis rates at different concentrations and cell selectivity index (SI). Details are as follows: 1. 50% hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀) and cell selectivity index (SI) for each peptide Peptide Name: 50% hemolytic concentration (HC₅₀, uM), anti-Salmonella geometric average MIC (GMmic, uM), Cell selectivity index (SI = HC₅₀/GMmic) Kn2-5R 886.50 8 110.81 Kn2-5R-NH₂ 67.09 4 16.77 dKn2-5R-NH₂(D-enantiomeric) 199.20 5.99 33.26 2F-Kn2-5R-NH₂ 5.60 5.66 0.99 2. Hemolytic rate at critical concentrations (for sheep red blood cell sRBCs) The table below lists the hemolytic rates (%) of each peptide at their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and some key concentrations, reflecting the toxicity of the peptides to mammalian red blood cells: Peptide names: Concentration 1 uM, Concentration 4 uM (partial peptide MIC), 8 uM concentration (Kn2-5R MIC), Concentration 16 uM, Concentration 256 μM Kn2-5R 0 0.4 * 0.7 * 1.4 10.6 Kn2-5R-NH₂ 0.1 2 * 2.5 5.4 99.5 dKn2-5R-NH₂ 0 0.4 * 0.5 * 0.9 65.6 2F-Kn2-5R-NH₂ 6.1 33.7 * 61.6 * 96.2 100 Note: Concentrations marked with """" correspond to the peptide's MIC value. At this time, the hemolysis rate reflects the toxicity of the peptide at effective antibacterial concentrations—Kn2-5R and dKn2-5R-NH₂ have hemolysis rates of <1% at MIC, indicating extremely low toxicity; 2F-Kn2-5R-NH₂ has a hemolysis rate of >30% under MIC, indicating significant toxicity. 3. Core Conclusions Hemolysis is positively correlated with hydrophobicity: the lower the HC₅₀ value, the stronger the hydrophobicity of the peptide, and the higher the hemolysis (the stronger the toxicity). The ranking is: 2F-Kn2-5R-NH₂ (most toxic)> Kn2-5R-NH₂ > dKn2-5R-NH₂ > Kn2-5R (safest). Cell selectivity: Kn2-5R has the highest SI value (110.81), meaning it effectively inhibits Salmonella while having extremely low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells, making it the most clinically promising candidate peptide; 2F-Kn2-5R-NH₂'s SI≈1 shows no obvious bacterial selectivity and is not suitable for further development." 34361810|||Molecules. 2021 Jul 31;26(15):4654. doi: 10.3390/molecules26154654. PubMed 15 FPDB10586 ToAP1|||AP02758|||DRAMP18418|||ToAP1|||AP02758|||DRAMP18418 FIGMIPGLIGGLISAFK Anti-C. albicans SC5314, activity value is MIC = 50 uM||Anti-C. tropicalis ATCC 750, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, activity value is MIC = 200 uM||Anti-C. neoformans H99 serotype A, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-C. neoformans B3501 serotype D, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||Anti-Candida albicans, activity value is MIC = 50 uM||Anti-Candida tropicalis, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-Candida parapsilosis, activity value is MIC = 200 uM||Anti-Candida glabrata, activity value is MIC > 400 uM||Anti-Candida neoformans, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Anti-C.parapsilosis ATCC 22019, activity value is MIC = 200 uM||Anti-and C. neoformans B3501 serotype D, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Antimicrobial Tityus obscurus Alpha helix "The document provides hemolytic values for human erythrocytes for 5 antimicrobial peptides from scorpion venom (ToAP2, ToAP2S1, ToAP1, NDBP-4.23, NDBP-5.7), as follows: 1. ToAP2 and ToAP2S1 (Modifier of ToAP2) ToAP2: Within the tested concentration range (up to 100 uM), the hemolysis rate is always higher than 50%, and the red blood cell toxicity is strong. ToAP2S1: As a structural modification of ToAP2, at a lower concentration (25 uM and below), the hemolysis rate is higher than ToAP2. Overall, within the test concentration, the hemolysis rate is also higher than 50%, and due to the increase in hydrophobicity (Table 2), the hemolysis activity is not reduced but increased. 2. ToAP1 At all concentrations tested (0.78-100 uM), the hemolysis rate was significantly less than 50%, and the toxicity to red blood cells was low, which met the potential candidate criteria for subsequent studies (Figure 3B). 3. NDBP-4.23 Similar to ToAP1, the hemolysis rate was consistently below 50% over the full concentration range tested (0.78-100 uM), with low erythrocyte toxicity and potential for further development (Figure 3C). 4. NDBP-5.7 The hemolytic activity was relatively high: at concentrations ≤ 50 uM, the hemolysis rate was already over 50%, and the toxicity to red blood cells was significantly higher than that of ToAP1 and NDBP-4.23 (Figure 3D). Experiment Description -The hemolysis test takes the complete hemolysis induced by 0.1% Triton-X 100 solution as the 100 control and the spontaneous hemolysis induced by PBS buffer as the 0% control. The hemolysis rate is calculated by measuring the absorbance (OD value) of hemoglobin released at 540 nm wavelength. The result is the average of many independent experiments and verified by cytotoxicity test (mouse peritoneal macrophage viability), low hemolytic peptides (such as ToAP1, NDBP-4.23) have low eukaryotic cytotoxicity.|||Exhibits hemolysis against human erythrocytes|||However,NDBP-5.7presentsahemolysis percent higher than 50% in concentrations up to 50 uM (Figure3D). Comparing the original peptideToAP2 and the modified ToAP2S1, the last one shows a higher hemolysis curve with concentrations up to 25 uM while the ToAP2 maintained its curve above 50%of hemolysis (Figure3A)." "27917162|||Front Microbiol. 2016 Nov 18;7:1844. PubMed|||Front Microbiol. 2016 Nov 18;7:1844. eCollection 2016.||Ref.27917162|||27917162|||Front Microbiol . 2016 Nov 18:7:1844. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01844. eCollection 2016.|||Front Microbiol. 2016 Nov 18;7:1844. eCollection 2016.|||Front Microbiol. 2016 Nov 18;7:1844. PubMed" 17 FPDB13541 ToAP2|||AP02759|||DRAMP18417|||ToAP2|||AP02759|||DRAMP18417 FFGTLFKLGSKLIPGVMKLFSKKKER Anti-C. albicans SC5314, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-C. tropicalis ATCC 750, activity value is MIC = 3.12 uM||Anti-C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, activity value is MIC = 50 uM||Anti-C. glabrata ATCC 90030, activity value is MIC = 200 uM||Anti-C. neoformans H99 serotype A, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-C. neoformans B3501 serotype D, activity value is MIC = 6.25 uM||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||Anti-Candida albicans, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-Candida tropicalis, activity value is MIC = 3.12 uM||Anti-Candida parapsilosis, activity value is MIC = 50 uM||Anti-Candida glabrata, activity value is MIC = 200 uM||Anti-Candida neoformans, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-and C. neoformans B3501 serotype D, activity value is MIC = 6.25 uM||Antimicrobial Tityus obscurus|||Opistophthalmus carinatus (African yellow leg scorpion) Helix||Alpha helix "Exhibits hemolysis against human erythrocytes|||The document provides hemolytic values for human erythrocytes for 5 antimicrobial peptides from scorpion venom (ToAP2, ToAP2S1, ToAP1, NDBP-4.23, NDBP-5.7), as follows: 1. ToAP2 and ToAP2S1 (Modifier of ToAP2) ToAP2: Within the tested concentration range (up to 100 uM), the hemolysis rate is always higher than 50%, and the red blood cell toxicity is strong. ToAP2S1: As a structural modification of ToAP2, at a lower concentration (25 uM and below), the hemolysis rate is higher than ToAP2. Overall, within the test concentration, the hemolysis rate is also higher than 50%, and due to the increase in hydrophobicity (Table 2), the hemolysis activity is not reduced but increased. 2. ToAP1 At all concentrations tested (0.78-100 uM), the hemolysis rate was significantly less than 50%, and the toxicity to red blood cells was low, which met the potential candidate criteria for subsequent studies (Figure 3B). 3. NDBP-4.23 Similar to ToAP1, the hemolysis rate was consistently below 50% over the full concentration range tested (0.78-100 uM), with low erythrocyte toxicity and potential for further development (Figure 3C). 4. NDBP-5.7 The hemolytic activity was relatively high: at concentrations ≤ 50 uM, the hemolysis rate was already over 50%, and the toxicity to red blood cells was significantly higher than that of ToAP1 and NDBP-4.23 (Figure 3D). Experiment Description -The hemolysis test takes the complete hemolysis induced by 0.1% Triton-X 100 solution as the 100 control and the spontaneous hemolysis induced by PBS buffer as the 0% control. The hemolysis rate is calculated by measuring the absorbance (OD value) of hemoglobin released at 540 nm wavelength. The result is the average of many independent experiments and verified by cytotoxicity test (mouse peritoneal macrophage viability), low hemolytic peptides (such as ToAP1, NDBP-4.23) have low eukaryotic cytotoxicity.|||Hemolytic activity data of antifungal peptides derived from scorpion venom (based on human red blood cell hemolysis assay, concentration range 0.78–100 μM) • ToAP1: Hemolysis rate at all tested concentrations was significantly below 50%, indicating low cytotoxicity. • ToAP2: Hemolysis rate remained above 50% within the concentration range, indicating strong hemolytic activity. • ToAP2S1 (ToAP2 modified analog): Hemolysis rate exceeded 50% at concentrations ≥25 μM, showing higher hemolytic activity than the original peptide ToAP2. • NDBP-4.23: Hemolysis rate at all tested concentrations was significantly below 50%, showing excellent cell selectivity. • NDBP-5.7: Hemolysis rate exceeded 50% at concentrations ≥50 μM, indicating strong hemolytic activity.|||Exhibits hemolysis against human erythrocytes|||However,NDBP-5.7presentsahemolysis percent higher than 50% in concentrations up to 50 uM (Figure3D). Comparing the original peptideToAP2 and the modified ToAP2S1, the last one shows a higher hemolysis curve with concentrations up to 25 uM while the ToAP2 maintained its curve above 50%of hemolysis (Figure3A)." "27917162|||Front Microbiol. 2016 Nov 18;7:1844. PubMed|||Front Microbiol. 2016 Nov 18;7:1844. eCollection 2016.||Ref.27917162|||27917162|||Front Microbiol . 2016 Nov 18:7:1844. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01844. eCollection 2016.|||Front Microbiol. 2016 Nov 18;7:1844. eCollection 2016.|||Front Microbiol. 2016 Nov 18;7:1844. PubMed" 26 FPDB13751 Con10|||AP02761|||DRAMP18415|||Con10|||AP02761|||DRAMP18415|||DRAMP03690 FWSFLVKAASKILPSLIGGGDDNKSSS Anti-C. albicans SC5314, activity value is MIC = 100 uM||Anti-C. tropicalis ATCC 750, activity value is MIC = 12.5 uM||Anti-C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, activity value is MIC = 200 uM||Anti-C. glabrata ATCC 90030, activity value is MIC = 200 uM||Anti-C. neoformans H99 serotype A, activity value is MIC = 50 uM||Anti-C. neoformans B3501 serotype D, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||Anti-and C. neoformans B3501 serotype D, activity value is MIC = 25 uM||Antimicrobial O. cayaporum|||Opisthacanthus cayaporum|||Opisthacanthus cayaporum|||O. cayaporum|||Opisthacanthus cayaporum|||Opisthacanthus cayaporum (South American scorpion) N/A "The document provides hemolytic values for human erythrocytes for 5 antimicrobial peptides from scorpion venom (ToAP2, ToAP2S1, ToAP1, NDBP-4.23, NDBP-5.7), as follows: 1. ToAP2 and ToAP2S1 (Modifier of ToAP2) ToAP2: Within the tested concentration range (up to 100 uM), the hemolysis rate is always higher than 50%, and the red blood cell toxicity is strong. ToAP2S1: As a structural modification of ToAP2, at a lower concentration (25 uM and below), the hemolysis rate is higher than ToAP2. Overall, within the test concentration, the hemolysis rate is also higher than 50%, and due to the increase in hydrophobicity (Table 2), the hemolysis activity is not reduced but increased. 2. ToAP1 At all concentrations tested (0.78-100 uM), the hemolysis rate was significantly less than 50%, and the toxicity to red blood cells was low, which met the potential candidate criteria for subsequent studies (Figure 3B). 3. NDBP-4.23 Similar to ToAP1, the hemolysis rate was consistently below 50% over the full concentration range tested (0.78-100 uM), with low erythrocyte toxicity and potential for further development (Figure 3C). 4. NDBP-5.7 The hemolytic activity was relatively high: at concentrations ≤ 50 uM, the hemolysis rate was already over 50%, and the toxicity to red blood cells was significantly higher than that of ToAP1 and NDBP-4.23 (Figure 3D). Experiment Description -The hemolysis test takes the complete hemolysis induced by 0.1% Triton-X 100 solution as the 100 control and the spontaneous hemolysis induced by PBS buffer as the 0% control. The hemolysis rate is calculated by measuring the absorbance (OD value) of hemoglobin released at 540 nm wavelength. The result is the average of many independent experiments and verified by cytotoxicity test (mouse peritoneal macrophage viability), low hemolytic peptides (such as ToAP1, NDBP-4.23) have low eukaryotic cytotoxicity.|||ToAP1, NDBP-4.23: Within the tested concentration range (0.78~100 uM), the hemolysis rate was significantly below 50%, indicating low cytotoxicity and potential value for further study. • NDBP-5.7: At a concentration of 50 uM, the hemolysis rate exceeded 50%, showing relatively high cytotoxicity. • ToAP2: Within the tested concentration range, the hemolysis rate was consistently above 50%, indicating strong cytotoxicity. • ToAP2S1 (ToAP2 modified form): At 25 uM, the hemolysis rate was higher than that of the original peptide ToAP2, and increased hydrophobicity led to enhanced hemolytic activity.|||However,NDBP-5.7presentsahemolysis percent higher than 50% in concentrations up to 50 uM (Figure3D). Comparing the original peptideToAP2 and the modified ToAP2S1, the last one shows a higher hemolysis curve with concentrations up to 25 uM while the ToAP2 maintained its curve above 50%of hemolysis (Figure3A)." "27917162|||Front Microbiol. 2016 Nov 18;7:1844. PubMed|||Front Microbiol. 2016 Nov 18;7:1844|||27917162|||Front Microbiol . 2016 Nov 18:7:1844. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01844. eCollection 2016.|||Toxicon. 2008 Jun 15;51(8):1499-1508.|||Front Microbiol. 2016 Nov 18;7:1844. PubMed" 27 FPDB14603 Coprisin|||AP01976|||DRAMP04668 VTCDVLSFEAKGIAVNHSACALHCIALRKKGGSCQNGVCVCRN Antibacterial||Antifungal||Anti-inflammatory||Antibiofilm||Wound healing||Anti-multiple fungi with, activity value is MIC = 5||No MICs found in DRAMP database Copris tripartitus|||Dung Beetle, Copris tripartitus. Combine Helix and Beta structure No hemolysis information or data found in the reference(s) presented in this entry "23137439|||Int J Pept. 2009;2009. pii: 136284. PubMed|||Int J Pept . 2009:2009:136284. doi: 10.1155/2009/136284. Epub 2009 Oct 22.|||Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Feb;1828(2):271-283." 43 FPDB15447 AP02065|||DRAMP00382|||Datucin|||AP02065|||DRAMP00382 TFPKCAPTRPPGPKPCDINNFKSKFWHIWRA Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||Antimicrobial||Anti-Candida albicans, activity value is MIC = 1 uM||The peptide potently inhibits a clinical multidrug-resistant strain C. albicans in both the planktonic and biofilm forms (MIC and MBEC 1-2 uM). Datura stramonium, India, Asia|||Datura stramonium|||Datura stramonium [Jimsonweed]|||Datura stramonium, India, Asia|||Datura stramonium N/A N/A "Biopolymers 2012; 98(4):332-7. Abstract.|||Biopolymers 2012; 98(4):332-337.|||23193597|||Peptides . 2012 Nov;38(1):41-53. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.08.008. Epub 2012 Aug 19.|||Biopolymers 2012; 98(4):332-337." 31 FPDB15448 AP02894 GVVLNVNPGKSLEEPAVKHLKVSPVNANEVPVLKELKSVQKTKSGDTLYGFVCTVGQIKTDSLGCVGSDSVAWPSEQNVELTVSC Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm housefly, Musca domestica N/A N/A Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017 Aug 26;490(3):746-752. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.112. PubMed 85 FPDB15449 AP03343 MQLTSIAIILFAAMGAIANPIAAESDDLLARDAQLSKYGGECSLEHNTCTYRKDGKNHVVSCPSAANLRCKTDRHHCEYDDHHKTVD Anti-Gram+||Antifungal||candidacidal||Anti-MRSA||Antibiofilm Aspergillus tubingensis A01, isolated from soil Bridge N/A J Proteomics. 2021 Feb 20;233:104075. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104075. PubMed 87 FPDB15450 AP03424 RGDILKRWAGHFSKLL Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||Anti-5 C. albicans clinical resistant strains, activity value is MIC = 26.4 Philomycus bilineatus Helix "The core data related to the hemolytic activity of Phibilin in the document are as follows, with the test subjects being mouse red blood cells: At a concentration of 400 µg/ml, Phibilin only caused slight hemolysis, with a hemolysis rate of about 2%. No specific hemolysis rate is mentioned for concentrations below 400 µg/ml (such as MIC or MFC-related concentrations), but based on the description of ""low hemolytic activity"" and the 2% hemolysis rate at 400 µg/ml, it can be inferred that the hemolysis rate at lower concentrations is even lower (well below 2%).|||not hemo.lytic till 400 ug/ml." Front Microbiol. 2022 May 11;13:862834. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.862834. PubMed|||Front Microbiol. 2022 May 11;13:862834. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.862834. PubMed 16 FPDB15451 AP03624 VRVGPCDQVCSRTNPEKDECCRAHGHSGHSSCYGGRMNCYG Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||Anti-C. albicans ATCC 10231 and clinical strains, activity value is MIC = 5.4 Chinese Medicinal Beetle, Blaps rhynchopetera, China, Asia|||Chinese Medicinal Beetle, Blaps rhynchopetera, China, Asia Bridge little hemo.lytic till 56.25 uM but almost 50% lysis at 112.5 uM (HC50 >100 uM). Microbiol Spectr. 2023 May 4:e0308922. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03089-22. PubMed|||Microbiol Spectr. 2023 May 4:e0308922. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.03089-22. PubMed 41 FPDB15452 AP03705 YPAKPEAPGEDASPEELSRYYASLRHYLNLVTRQRY Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||Remarkably||it displayed selective antifungal activity against virulent C. albicans hyphae-but not the yeast form. gut epithelial paneth cells (PC), Mus musculus|||gut epithelial paneth cells (PC), Mus musculus N/A N/A Science. 2023 Aug 4;381(6657):502-508. doi: 10.1126/science.abq3178. Pub-Med.|||Science. 2023 Aug 4;381(6657):502-508. doi: 10.1126/science.abq3178. Pub-Med. 36 FPDB15453 AP04038 RALRKALKAWRKLAKKLQ Antifungal||candidacidal||Synergistic AMPs||Antibiofilm||Anti-C. gattii AFLP4, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-C. guilliermondii ATCC 6260, activity value is MIC = 2.5 uM||Anti-C. tropicalis ATCC 750, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-C. utilis ATCC 9950, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||activity value is MIC = 2.5 uM||Anti-C. parapsilosis ATCC 2209, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-C. albicans MYA 2876, activity value is MIC = 2.5 uM||Anti-C. krusei ATCC 6258, activity value is MIC = 30 uM||Anti-and C-glabrata ATCC 1707 or ATCC 90030, activity value is MIC > 40 uM Computer-made peptide, designed N/A N/A Arch Biochem Biophys. 2024 Jan 11:109884. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109884. PubMed|||Arch Biochem Biophys. 2024 Jan 11:109884. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109884. PubMed 18 FPDB15454 AP04129 KWIRRIIRDYKKFFIKFII Antifungal||Synergistic AMPs||Hemolytic||Antibiofilm||Anti-C. albicans ATCC 90028, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-C-glabrata ATCC 90030, activity value is MIC > 20 uM||Anti-C. krusei ATCC 6258, activity value is MIC = 20 uM||Anti-C. parapsilosis ATCC 2209, activity value is MIC = 10 uM||Anti-C. tropicalis ATCC 750, activity value is MIC = 5 uM||Anti-C. guillermondii ATCC 6260, activity value is MIC = 2.5 uM Designed Helix "The document explicitly provides the core hemolytic data for the candidate peptide KWI-19, with specific results as follows: 1. Key Hemolytic Indicators 50% Hemolytic Concentration (HC_{50}): The HC_{50} of KWI-19 for erythrocytes is 6.5 μM (Figure 4A), indicating that at this concentration, 50% of red blood cells undergo hemolysis. Concentration-dependent hemolytic characteristics: When the concentration is 1.5–25 μM, the hemolysis rate is low; When the concentration increases to 50–400 μM, the hemolysis rate rises significantly (Dunnett analysis shows p<0.05 to p<0.0001, indicating statistical significance); Positive control (0.06% Triton X-100) represents complete hemolysis, while negative control (physiological saline) shows no hemolysis. 2. Additional Notes Experimental conditions: A 1% horse red blood cell suspension was incubated with different concentrations of KWI-19 (1.5–400 μM) at 37°C for 1 hour, and the hemolysis rate was calculated by measuring the absorbance of free hemoglobin at 414 nm. Safety comparison: The HC_{50} of KWI-19 (6.5 μM) is lower than that of some known antifungal peptides (such as Histatin-5 with HC_{50} >100 μM), suggesting relatively high hemolytic toxicity, and its clinical application may be limited to local administration (e.g., topical use); The IC_{50} of this peptide for murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) is 64 μM, and no acute toxicity was observed in Galleria mellonella larvae at 50 μM within 72 hours, indicating that its toxicity to mammalian cells and in vivo models exhibits concentration selectivity.|||human RBC (HC50 ~10 uM), hemolytic. RAW 264.7 cell viability (IC50 64 uM)." Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2024 Feb 13:130583. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130583. PubMed 19 FPDB15455 AP04505 VAGQLALWAVQC Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||active against C. albicans and C. neoformans based on the survival of the infected animal model:Caenorhabditis elegans. sequence truncation, bacteria-derived, natural derivative N/A N/A Nat Commun. 2022 Oct 13;13(1):6047. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33613-1. PubMed|||Nat Commun. 2022 Oct 13;13(1):6047. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33613-1. PubMed 12 FPDB15456 AP04508 VVLALWAVQC Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||active against C. albicans and C. gattii based on the survival of the infected animal model:Caenorhabditis elegans. bacteria-derived, natural derivative N/A N/A mBio. 2024 May 8;15(5):e0057024. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00570-24. PubMed|||mBio. 2024 May 8;15(5):e0057024. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00570-24. PubMed 10 FPDB15457 AP04509 GQLVVWALQC Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||active against C. albicans and C. gattii based on the survival of the infected animal model:Caenorhabditis elegans. bacteria-derived, natural derivative N/A N/A mBio. 2024 May 8;15(5):e0057024. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00570-24. PubMed|||mBio. 2024 May 8;15(5):e0057024. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00570-24. PubMed 10 FPDB15458 AP04510 LVLAFWAVVC Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||active against C. albicans and C. gattii based on the survival of the infected animal model:Caenorhabditis elegans. bacteria-derived, natural derivative N/A N/A mBio. 2024 May 8;15(5):e0057024. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00570-24. PubMed|||mBio. 2024 May 8;15(5):e0057024. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00570-24. PubMed 10 FPDB15459 AP04511 VQLALWAVQC Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||active against C. albicans and C. gattii based on the survival of the infected animal model:Caenorhabditis elegans. P4 appeared to be better than other Px peptides in the series in protecting the animals from C. gattii infection. bacteria-derived, natural derivative N/A N/A mBio. 2024 May 8;15(5):e0057024. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00570-24. PubMed|||mBio. 2024 May 8;15(5):e0057024. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00570-24. PubMed 10 FPDB15460 AP04512 VLLALWALVC Antifungal||candidacidal||Antibiofilm||active against C. albicans and C. gattii based on the survival of the infected animal model:Caenorhabditis elegans. bacteria-derived, natural derivative N/A N/A mBio. 2024 May 8;15(5):e0057024. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00570-24. PubMed|||mBio. 2024 May 8;15(5):e0057024. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00570-24. PubMed 10 FPDB15461 AP04549 FIGAIARLLSKI Antibiofilm C-terminal sequence truncation, animal-derived, natural derivative N/A "The document provides hemolytic data for BmKn-2 peptides and their seven derivatives (BmKn-21 to BmKn-26), with the hemolytic rate (%) of sheep red blood cells (sRBCs) as the core indicator. The experimental conditions were peptide concentration at 800 uM and incubation at 37°C for 1 hour. The specific results are as follows: Hemolytic values of each peptide (at 800 uM concentration) Peptide name: Hemolytic rate (%) Key conclusions BmKn-2 is 100% completely hemolytic and highly toxic to mammalian red blood cells BmKn-21 is 100% completely hemolyzed, with toxicity consistent with the parent peptide BmKn-2 BmKn-22 is extremely low (<5%), significantly reduces hemolysis rate, and has no obvious toxicity, making it a key low-toxicity candidate peptide in research BmKn-23 is extremely low (<5%), has low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but has no clearance activity against preformed biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (distinct from BmKn-22). BmKn-24 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak antibiofilm activity BmKn-25 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak anti-biofilm activity BmKn-26 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak antibiofilm activity. Key Notes 1. Experimental control: Using 1% Triton X-100 (100% hemolysis) and PBS (0% hemolysis) as controls, hemolysis rate was calculated using 405 nm absorbance. The formula is: \text{Hemolysis Rate (%)} = \frac{OD_{405\text{nm(peptide treatment)}} - OD_{405\text{nm(PBS)}}}{OD_{405\text{nm(1% Triton X-100)}} - OD_{405\text{nm(PBS)}}} \times 100 2. Relationship between hemolysis and peptide structure: The parent peptide BmKn-2 (13 amino acids) and the truncated BmKn-21 (12 amino acids) exhibit complete hemolysis due to the C-terminus containing the isoleucine-phenylalanine (IF) sequence with high helix (76.92%, 75%); Further truncation and removal of the C-terminal IF or lysine-isoleucine-phenylalanine (KIF) sequences (e.g., BmKn-22 to BmKn-26) significantly reduced hemolysis rates, suggesting that phenylalanine (F) residues are one of the key sites causing high hemolytic toxicity. 3. Safety Association: BmKn-22 not only has extremely low hemolysis but also significantly low toxicity to L929 mouse fibroblasts (cell survival rate >80%). Combined with its potent anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm activity, it has become the candidate peptide with the greatest clinical development potential." PLoS One. 2019 Jun 14;14(6):e0218479. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218479. PubMed 12 FPDB15462 AP04551 FIGAIARLLS Antibiofilm C-terminal sequence truncation, animal-derived, natural derivative N/A "The document provides hemolytic data for BmKn-2 peptides and their seven derivatives (BmKn-21 to BmKn-26), with the hemolytic rate (%) of sheep red blood cells (sRBCs) as the core indicator. The experimental conditions were peptide concentration at 800 uM and incubation at 37°C for 1 hour. The specific results are as follows: Hemolytic values of each peptide (at 800 uM concentration) Peptide name: Hemolytic rate (%) Key conclusions BmKn-2 is 100% completely hemolytic and highly toxic to mammalian red blood cells BmKn-21 is 100% completely hemolyzed, with toxicity consistent with the parent peptide BmKn-2 BmKn-22 is extremely low (<5%), significantly reduces hemolysis rate, and has no obvious toxicity, making it a key low-toxicity candidate peptide in research BmKn-23 is extremely low (<5%), has low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but has no clearance activity against preformed biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (distinct from BmKn-22). BmKn-24 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak antibiofilm activity BmKn-25 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak anti-biofilm activity BmKn-26 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak antibiofilm activity. Key Notes 1. Experimental control: Using 1% Triton X-100 (100% hemolysis) and PBS (0% hemolysis) as controls, hemolysis rate was calculated using 405 nm absorbance. The formula is: \text{Hemolysis Rate (%)} = \frac{OD_{405\text{nm(peptide treatment)}} - OD_{405\text{nm(PBS)}}}{OD_{405\text{nm(1% Triton X-100)}} - OD_{405\text{nm(PBS)}}} \times 100 2. Relationship between hemolysis and peptide structure: The parent peptide BmKn-2 (13 amino acids) and the truncated BmKn-21 (12 amino acids) exhibit complete hemolysis due to the C-terminus containing the isoleucine-phenylalanine (IF) sequence with high helix (76.92%, 75%); Further truncation and removal of the C-terminal IF or lysine-isoleucine-phenylalanine (KIF) sequences (e.g., BmKn-22 to BmKn-26) significantly reduced hemolysis rates, suggesting that phenylalanine (F) residues are one of the key sites causing high hemolytic toxicity. 3. Safety Association: BmKn-22 not only has extremely low hemolysis but also significantly low toxicity to L929 mouse fibroblasts (cell survival rate >80%). Combined with its potent anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm activity, it has become the candidate peptide with the greatest clinical development potential." PLoS One. 2019 Jun 14;14(6):e0218479. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218479. PubMed 10 FPDB15463 AP04552 FIGAIARLL Antibiofilm C-terminal sequence truncation, animal-derived, natural derivative N/A "The document provides hemolytic data for BmKn-2 peptides and their seven derivatives (BmKn-21 to BmKn-26), with the hemolytic rate (%) of sheep red blood cells (sRBCs) as the core indicator. The experimental conditions were peptide concentration at 800 uM and incubation at 37°C for 1 hour. The specific results are as follows: Hemolytic values of each peptide (at 800 uM concentration) Peptide name: Hemolytic rate (%) Key conclusions BmKn-2 is 100% completely hemolytic and highly toxic to mammalian red blood cells BmKn-21 is 100% completely hemolyzed, with toxicity consistent with the parent peptide BmKn-2 BmKn-22 is extremely low (<5%), significantly reduces hemolysis rate, and has no obvious toxicity, making it a key low-toxicity candidate peptide in research BmKn-23 is extremely low (<5%), has low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but has no clearance activity against preformed biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (distinct from BmKn-22). BmKn-24 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak antibiofilm activity BmKn-25 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak anti-biofilm activity BmKn-26 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak antibiofilm activity. Key Notes 1. Experimental control: Using 1% Triton X-100 (100% hemolysis) and PBS (0% hemolysis) as controls, hemolysis rate was calculated using 405 nm absorbance. The formula is: \text{Hemolysis Rate (%)} = \frac{OD_{405\text{nm(peptide treatment)}} - OD_{405\text{nm(PBS)}}}{OD_{405\text{nm(1% Triton X-100)}} - OD_{405\text{nm(PBS)}}} \times 100 2. Relationship between hemolysis and peptide structure: The parent peptide BmKn-2 (13 amino acids) and the truncated BmKn-21 (12 amino acids) exhibit complete hemolysis due to the C-terminus containing the isoleucine-phenylalanine (IF) sequence with high helix (76.92%, 75%); Further truncation and removal of the C-terminal IF or lysine-isoleucine-phenylalanine (KIF) sequences (e.g., BmKn-22 to BmKn-26) significantly reduced hemolysis rates, suggesting that phenylalanine (F) residues are one of the key sites causing high hemolytic toxicity. 3. Safety Association: BmKn-22 not only has extremely low hemolysis but also significantly low toxicity to L929 mouse fibroblasts (cell survival rate >80%). Combined with its potent anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm activity, it has become the candidate peptide with the greatest clinical development potential." PLoS One. 2019 Jun 14;14(6):e0218479. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218479. PubMed 9 FPDB15464 AP04553 FIGAIARL Antibiofilm C-terminal sequence truncation, animal-derived, natural derivative N/A "The document provides hemolytic data for BmKn-2 peptides and their seven derivatives (BmKn-21 to BmKn-26), with the hemolytic rate (%) of sheep red blood cells (sRBCs) as the core indicator. The experimental conditions were peptide concentration at 800 uM and incubation at 37°C for 1 hour. The specific results are as follows: Hemolytic values of each peptide (at 800 uM concentration) Peptide name: Hemolytic rate (%) Key conclusions BmKn-2 is 100% completely hemolytic and highly toxic to mammalian red blood cells BmKn-21 is 100% completely hemolyzed, with toxicity consistent with the parent peptide BmKn-2 BmKn-22 is extremely low (<5%), significantly reduces hemolysis rate, and has no obvious toxicity, making it a key low-toxicity candidate peptide in research BmKn-23 is extremely low (<5%), has low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but has no clearance activity against preformed biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (distinct from BmKn-22). BmKn-24 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak antibiofilm activity BmKn-25 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak anti-biofilm activity BmKn-26 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak antibiofilm activity. Key Notes 1. Experimental control: Using 1% Triton X-100 (100% hemolysis) and PBS (0% hemolysis) as controls, hemolysis rate was calculated using 405 nm absorbance. The formula is: \text{Hemolysis Rate (%)} = \frac{OD_{405\text{nm(peptide treatment)}} - OD_{405\text{nm(PBS)}}}{OD_{405\text{nm(1% Triton X-100)}} - OD_{405\text{nm(PBS)}}} \times 100 2. Relationship between hemolysis and peptide structure: The parent peptide BmKn-2 (13 amino acids) and the truncated BmKn-21 (12 amino acids) exhibit complete hemolysis due to the C-terminus containing the isoleucine-phenylalanine (IF) sequence with high helix (76.92%, 75%); Further truncation and removal of the C-terminal IF or lysine-isoleucine-phenylalanine (KIF) sequences (e.g., BmKn-22 to BmKn-26) significantly reduced hemolysis rates, suggesting that phenylalanine (F) residues are one of the key sites causing high hemolytic toxicity. 3. Safety Association: BmKn-22 not only has extremely low hemolysis but also significantly low toxicity to L929 mouse fibroblasts (cell survival rate >80%). Combined with its potent anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm activity, it has become the candidate peptide with the greatest clinical development potential." PLoS One. 2019 Jun 14;14(6):e0218479. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218479. PubMed 8 FPDB15465 AP04554 FIGAIAR Antibiofilm C-terminal sequence truncation, animal-derived, natural derivative N/A "The document provides hemolytic data for BmKn-2 peptides and their seven derivatives (BmKn-21 to BmKn-26), with the hemolytic rate (%) of sheep red blood cells (sRBCs) as the core indicator. The experimental conditions were peptide concentration at 800 uM and incubation at 37°C for 1 hour. The specific results are as follows: Hemolytic values of each peptide (at 800 uM concentration) Peptide name: Hemolytic rate (%) Key conclusions BmKn-2 is 100% completely hemolytic and highly toxic to mammalian red blood cells BmKn-21 is 100% completely hemolyzed, with toxicity consistent with the parent peptide BmKn-2 BmKn-22 is extremely low (<5%), significantly reduces hemolysis rate, and has no obvious toxicity, making it a key low-toxicity candidate peptide in research BmKn-23 is extremely low (<5%), has low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but has no clearance activity against preformed biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (distinct from BmKn-22). BmKn-24 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak antibiofilm activity BmKn-25 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak anti-biofilm activity BmKn-26 is extremely low (<5%), has a low hemolysis rate, weak toxicity, but weak antibiofilm activity. Key Notes 1. Experimental control: Using 1% Triton X-100 (100% hemolysis) and PBS (0% hemolysis) as controls, hemolysis rate was calculated using 405 nm absorbance. The formula is: \text{Hemolysis Rate (%)} = \frac{OD_{405\text{nm(peptide treatment)}} - OD_{405\text{nm(PBS)}}}{OD_{405\text{nm(1% Triton X-100)}} - OD_{405\text{nm(PBS)}}} \times 100 2. Relationship between hemolysis and peptide structure: The parent peptide BmKn-2 (13 amino acids) and the truncated BmKn-21 (12 amino acids) exhibit complete hemolysis due to the C-terminus containing the isoleucine-phenylalanine (IF) sequence with high helix (76.92%, 75%); Further truncation and removal of the C-terminal IF or lysine-isoleucine-phenylalanine (KIF) sequences (e.g., BmKn-22 to BmKn-26) significantly reduced hemolysis rates, suggesting that phenylalanine (F) residues are one of the key sites causing high hemolytic toxicity. 3. Safety Association: BmKn-22 not only has extremely low hemolysis but also significantly low toxicity to L929 mouse fibroblasts (cell survival rate >80%). Combined with its potent anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm activity, it has become the candidate peptide with the greatest clinical development potential." PLoS One. 2019 Jun 14;14(6):e0218479. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218479. PubMed 7 FPDB15466 AP05275 YLKCKTVHDCPKSQVVYRCVGNYCRAVKIRRWNLG Anti-Gram-||Antibiofilm AI predicted from Medicago truncatula , plants N/A gblpphz9tlujfu6di4b1 Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Feb 6;12(2):e0182723. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01827-23. PubMed 35 FPDB15467 AP05276 YLKCKTVHDCPK Anti-Gram-||Antibiofilm sequence truncation, predicted N/A gblpphz9tlujfu6di4b1 Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Feb 6;12(2):e0182723. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01827-23. PubMed 12 FPDB15468 AP05277 SQVVYRCVGNYCRAVKIRRWNLG Anti-Gram-||Antibiofilm sequence truncation, predicted N/A gblpphz9tlujfu6di4b1 Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Feb 6;12(2):e0182723. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01827-23. PubMed 23 FPDB15469 AP05278 YLKSKTVHDSPKSQVVYRSVGNYCRAVKIRRWNLG Anti-Gram-||Antibiofilm Amino acid substitution, predicted N/A gblpphz9tlujfu6di4b1 Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Feb 6;12(2):e0182723. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01827-23. PubMed 35 FPDB15470 AP05279 MCEFGMIRRCISYKCQCHEAY Anti-Gram-||Antibiofilm AI predicted from Medicago truncatula , plants N/A gblpphz9tlujfu6di4b1 Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Feb 6;12(2):e0182723. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01827-23. PubMed 21 FPDB15471 AP05280 MCEFGMIRRC Anti-Gram-||Antibiofilm sequence truncation, predicted N/A gblpphz9tlujfu6di4b1 Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Feb 6;12(2):e0182723. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01827-23. PubMed 10 FPDB15472 AP05281 ISYKCQCHEAY Anti-Gram-||Antibiofilm sequence truncation, predicted N/A gblpphz9tlujfu6di4b1 Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Feb 6;12(2):e0182723. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01827-23. PubMed 11 FPDB15473 AP05282 MSEFGMIRRSISYKSQSHEAY Anti-Gram-||Antibiofilm Amino acid substitution, predicted N/A gblpphz9tlujfu6di4b1 Microbiol Spectr. 2024 Feb 6;12(2):e0182723. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.01827-23. PubMed 21